初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納

1、v1.0可編輯可修改初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形?？键c(diǎn)一：can, may must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：(1) .表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為“能、會(huì)”，即有種能力，尤其是生來 具備的能力，止匕時(shí) may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I can t. 她能游 得很快，但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2) .表示許可，常在口語中。如： You c

2、an use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典。(3) .表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”，常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時(shí) can t譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true 這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎一 Can it be our teacher 那個(gè)人有可能是我們老 師口5一 No, it can t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長(zhǎng)城呢?！纠}】一I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there

3、.No.She _be there, I have just been there. t t t t【解析】根據(jù)下文“我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知，應(yīng)為“不可能，can t表示推測(cè)答案A2. could 的用法：(1) .can的過去式，意為“能、會(huì)”,表示過去的能力。如：He could write poemswhen hewas 10.他十歲時(shí)就會(huì)寫詩(shī)。(2) . could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時(shí) could沒有過去式的意思。如：Could you do me a favour你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎一Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎一 Yes, you can.可 以

4、。(注意回答)3. may的用法：(1) .表示請(qǐng)求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike我可以借你的自行車嗎You may go home now.現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?！纠}】一 I borrow your MP3 Sure . Here you are. A. May D. Would111v1.0可編輯可修改【解析】在此處表示請(qǐng)求，意為“做可以嗎。答案：A(2) .表示推測(cè)，談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃椤翱赡埽蛟S，一般用于肯定句中。如： It may rain tomorrow .明天可能會(huì)下雨。 She may be at home.她可能在家呢.(3) .may的

5、過去式為 might,表示推測(cè)時(shí)。可能性低于 may如：Heis away from school. He might be sick.他離開學(xué)校了，可能是他生病了。(4) .表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可譯為“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyou havea good time.祝你過得愉快。May you be happy!祝你幸福！ May you succeed !祝你成功！4. must的用法：(1) .must 表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定。如： You must stay here until I come back. 在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。Must I hand

6、 in my homework right now我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎(2)其否定形式mustn t表示“一定不要”“千萬別” “禁止，不許”.如：You mustn t playwith fire.你不許玩火。You mustn t be late. 你一定不要遲到。(3)對(duì)must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為 must,否定回答為needn t或don t have to . 如：一Must I finish my homework我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎一 No, you needn t.不，你不必。(4)must 表示有把握的推測(cè)，用于肯定何。如 :The light is on, so he

7、must be at homenow. 燈亮著，他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測(cè)時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用實(shí)際問句的助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成。 如：She must have seen the film before , hasn t she(注意反意疑問旬的后半部分 )You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday , didn t you (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)5. need的用法：(1) .need表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為needn t,意為“沒 有必要，不必。用need提問時(shí)

8、，肯定回答為 must,否定回答為needn t或don t have to 。 如：一Need I stay here any longer我還有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)嵋籝es, you must .是的。No. youneedn t /don t have to. 不，你不必。(2) .need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動(dòng)詞不 #v1.0可編輯可修改定式。 如：I need to do it right now. 我需要馬上做這件事。 He needs to learn more about the girl,他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語，一般用

9、need doing與need to be done 這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：,主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義；,該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。 例如： ,The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted,那扇門需要油漆下。 Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的車需要維修了。6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”，用法近似于need,有兩種詞性：(1) dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無第三

10、人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如： Dare he tell them what he knows 他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎I daren t ask her - will you do it for me我可不敢問她，你能幫我問問嗎(2) dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：Hedoesn t dare to break hispromise.他不敢食言。注意：在口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Doyou dare tell her what I said你敢告訴她我說的話嗎I didn t dare look at him,我不敢看他

11、。7. shall 的用法：shall表示征求對(duì)方意見(多用于第一、三人稱)，如：Shall we go out for a walk 我們出 去散步好嗎在英語中，我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對(duì)方意見。(1),用 “Lets do.” 來提出建議。如：Lets go for a walk after supper.(2),用“What/How about. ”來提出建議；about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式。如：What about/How about a drink What about/How about taking Tom with us(3),用“Why not. ”來提

12、出建議，表示“何不” not面后接動(dòng)詞原形?！?Why not. ”實(shí)際上是 “Why dont you/we. ” 的簡(jiǎn)略形式。如： Why not meet at the school gate at eight Why dont we stay here another day(4),用“Would you like. ”來提出建議，意思是“你想要嗎” Would you like 后可接333v1.0可編輯可修改Would you like to go and see her名詞或不定式。如： Would you like a cup of tea因此，如果我們說：“去游泳好嗎”英語中

13、可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法：Shall wego for a swim Lets go for a swim, shall we What about/How about going swimming Whynot go for a swim Would you like to go for a swim What do you think of going for a swim8. should 的用法：(1) .should 意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如： Weshould protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。(2) Should have don

14、e 表示對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評(píng)。如： You should have finished your homework.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。(事實(shí)上你沒有完成。)9. will 的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if I mfree this afternoon. 今天下午如果我有空，我就會(huì)幫你。汪忠：1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。由于“一般將來時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“ will+動(dòng)詞原形”來表示，所以there be句型的一般將來 時(shí)的形式就是 there will be。(一定不能說 there will have)

15、例如：There are manystudents in our school. fThere will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 定不能說： There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will 與 be going to do sth 區(qū)另1J: .be going to表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will表示的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如：Heis going to write a letter tonight. He wil

16、l write a book one day. .be going to表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. .be going to含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而 will則沒有這個(gè)意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.#v1.0可編輯可修改 .在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用be going to,而多用 will,如：

17、If any beasts comes atyou, Ill stay with you and help you10. had better 的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶 to的不定式，其否定形式為： had better not 。如：We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在就走。 You had better not give the book to him. 你 最好不要把這本書給他。考點(diǎn)二：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問句的回答：1 .對(duì)may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes,

18、 certainly. Sure .No, you mustn t. No, you can t.2 .對(duì)must引出的疑問句，回答方式為： Yes,must. No,needn t/ don t have to.在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，止匕時(shí) could沒有過去式的意思。如：Could you do mea favour 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎一Yes, you can.可以。(注意回 答)4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方意見或客氣的請(qǐng)求。其回答方式有以下幾 種：Yes, please. All right. N

19、o, thank you.you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No, I won t.) Sure . (I msorry , I can t.) All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.【例題】 Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily .s right pleasure doesn t matter trouble【解析】A.意為“對(duì)了”，B.意為“樂意效勞” ，C.意為“沒關(guān)系”D.意為“不費(fèi)事”。答案：

20、B考點(diǎn)三:不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同：1. (1) .can t 可譯為“不會(huì)”，如：I can t play basketball.我不會(huì)打籃球。555v1.0可編輯可修改(1) 當(dāng)句子表推測(cè)時(shí)，用 can t表達(dá)不可能，如：He can t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和 Tom下棋呢。(3) can t還可用來回答“ May I”這樣的問句。如：May I come in我可以進(jìn)來嗎No, you mustn t. / can t.不，你不能。(4) can t還可用于固定習(xí)語中。can t help doing禁不住，情

21、不自禁can t wait to do sth 迫不及待如：She can t help crying.她不禁大哭起來。The children can t wait toopen the box.孩子們迫不及待地想打開盒子。2. may的否定式為 may not,譯成“可能不，如： He may not be at home. 他也許不在家。3. (1) mustn t表示不許，不可。如：He mustn t leave his room.他不許離開他的房間。You mustn t talk in class.你們不可以在課上說話。(2) mustn t也可用于以may表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中

22、。如：- May I stand here 我可以 站在這里嗎一 No, you mustn t (can t).不，不行。4. (1) needn t 意為 “不必、”。如： You needn t meet him unless you d like to. 你不 需要見他，除非你愿意。(2) needn t + have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作，暗含時(shí)間或精力上 的浪費(fèi)。如： You needn t have bought it.你沒必要買它(但你卻買了)。5. shouldn t 表示不應(yīng)該。 如： You shouldn t feel so unhappy ove

23、r such little things. 對(duì)于這種小事，你不應(yīng)該感到這么不高興?？键c(diǎn)四：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + done (動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。如：You needn t get up so early every day.你不必每天都起這么早。She shouldn t speak to her mother in that way.她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中國(guó)必須種植更多的樹木。Many of the s

24、tarscan not be seen because they are far away from us.彳艮多星星我們者B看不至U,因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了。考點(diǎn)五：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法#v1.0可編輯可修改一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)。1、can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問句。如：That mancan7 t be her husbandshe is stillsingle.Who is knocking at the door Can it be the postman2、must表示肯定的推測(cè)，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office Li

25、 must be working now, for the lights in his office are still on.3、might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不一定是 may的過去時(shí)，只是表示其可能性較小。如： The manmaybe the headmaster.Where is Mr Li He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come He might not come here.4、Could表示推測(cè)時(shí)，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：一 Could it be an animal It could not be , because

26、 it is not moving.5、Should表示推測(cè)的可能性比較大，僅比must的可能性小一點(diǎn)。如：It is already 10 o clock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)過去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過的動(dòng)作的推測(cè)性用法。1、“ must +have done/been ”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于 “musH t+have ” 形式。如： She must have seen the film before , hasn t she(注意反 意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang

27、in the shop yesterday , didn t you ( 注意反意疑問旬的 后半部分)2、“should +have done /been ”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實(shí)際上并沒有做”；“shouldn t+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。 如： You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).You shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at fi

28、ve (but in fact you went to bed again then).如：There wasplenty3、“needn t+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實(shí)際上卻做了”777v1.0可編輯可修改 of time. She needn / t have hurried .4、“can t /couldn t+have done /been ”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He can t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldn t have stolen her c

29、ar.5、“could+have done/been”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實(shí)際上沒有，說話者有些遺憾。 could sb. have done /been ”是它的問句形式。如：You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York （but in fact you stayedin a nearby hotel .） Could Mr Li have helped this girl student6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒有干”，might的

30、可能 性較小，語氣較弱。如： He mayhave finished reading the book. She might have given you some help , however bus she was.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一 ：can 和 be able to:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時(shí)態(tài) 中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某 事。如：Jim can t speak English.吉姆不會(huì)說英語。He could speak Engli

31、sh at 5. 他五歲時(shí)就會(huì)說英語。We ll be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會(huì)見到他。He has been ableto drive. 他已經(jīng)會(huì)開車了。 Im sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。 We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我們能在中午至U達(dá)山頂。易混點(diǎn)二:can和may1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ MayI help you我能幫助你嗎2.

32、can和may表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別：1）在肯定句中用 might , may must,不用 can2）在疑問句中表示推測(cè)用 can,不用might, may must3）在否定句中用 can t （不可能），不用 may must。如：She may be in the classroom . 她#v1.0可編輯可修改 可能在教室里。Where can they be now 他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒 That can t be true, 那不可能是真 的。易混點(diǎn)三:may be 和 maybe用法區(qū)別常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be為動(dòng)詞原形句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，

33、相當(dāng)于 perhaps 句首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but I m not sure,也許他錯(cuò)了，但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四：can t 和 mustn t1. can t根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：(1)不會(huì)。如：I can t speak English.我不會(huì)說英語。(2)不能。如： We can t do it now because it s too dark. 天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。(3)否定句中表示推測(cè)。“不可能”，如： The man can t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teach

34、er.那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師，他年輕得多。2. mustn t意為禁止、不許”，用來表達(dá)命令，表示強(qiáng)烈的語氣。如：You mustn t playfootball in the street. It s too dangerous, 你不可以在街上踢足球，太危險(xiǎn)了。易混點(diǎn)五： must和 have to側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將 來時(shí)。如：I know I must study hard,我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 My brother was very ill, so Ihad to call the doctor in the mi

35、d-night,我弟弟病得厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。I haven t got any money with me, so I ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上沒帶錢，只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。 He said they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。2. have to可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)；而 must只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｈ纾篢he composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今天早晨至U期,因止匕我不得不昨天晚上

36、完成。易混點(diǎn)六:used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do表示過去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去，只用于過去，注意用 to do ,不用doing形 式；而be used to doing 意為“習(xí)慣做”， be可有各種時(shí)態(tài)；be used to do 意為被使999v1.0可編輯可修改用去做，”為被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth 用作”如：Myfather used to eatingmeat.我父親過去起床晚，但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。 She is used to

37、 eating meat.她習(xí)慣吃肉。Hewasn t used to eating in a restaurant. 他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。 A knife can be used for cutting things.（刀可以用來割東西）/ A knife can be used to cut things.（刀可以用來割東西）【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例題解析】3. you pass mea pen I d like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must【解析】由題干可知，本句表示請(qǐng)

38、求、許可。答案： A2、May I go to the cinema, mum Certainly, but you be back by 11 o clo ck.A. can B. may C. must D. need【解析】由題意可知，此處并非表推測(cè)的用法，而是媽媽對(duì)孩子提出的要求，故選 C,意為“必 須”。答案：C3、You get there by bus. A. don t need B. needn t to C. don t need to D.need don t to【解析】由選項(xiàng)A可知need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)加上to才正確。選項(xiàng)B needn t為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞， 應(yīng)去掉to

39、,故選C.4、You worry about me. It s nothing serious. A. can t B. mustn t C. needn tD. won t【解析】由題干It s nothing serious 可推斷，第一句意為“你不必為我擔(dān)心，故選C。本題易錯(cuò)選B, mustn t意為“禁止”，故不正確。答案： C5、 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer PleaseSorry, I m not sure .But it be.A. might t t解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might表推測(cè)的用法。I m not sur

40、e ”說明說話者的語氣并不肯定， 所以要用might o答案：A6、The man in the office be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.#v1.0可編輯可修改t not【解析】由下文he went homejust now可知，作者判斷辦公室里那個(gè)人（不可能是 Mr. Black。 mustn t意為“千萬別”，may not意為“可能不，needn t意為“不必 。can t意為不可 能，故選C。7、Can you go surfing with us this afternoonI d like to , but I _ lo

41、ok after my sister at home , because my mother is ill. to【解析】由題干my mother is川為客觀要求可知，選 C.8、 May I take this book out of the reading room. Please read it here.A. Certainly , you needn t , you mustn t , you may not【解析】May I的否定答語為 No, you can t/ mustn t. ; Must I否定答語為No, you needn t/don t have to.;Can

42、I的否定答語為 No, you can t.在口語交際中，要體會(huì)句子中的情感差別。答案：C【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】11 John come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. canC. hasto D. must2 They do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. areable to3May I take this book out -No, you. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. ar

43、ent4 You go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5Can you speak Japanese No, I. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not21 He be in the classroom, I think. No, he be in the classroom. I saw him gohome a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; ca

44、nt D. may; mustnt111111v1.0可編輯可修改2Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad Thanks, but you, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need4 He isnt at school. I think he be il

45、l. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to5 I take this one A. May B. W川 C. Are D. Do61 The children play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must2 You be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have toD. dont need to3Must I do my homework at once No, you. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not4