2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-知識(shí)排查突破-book8-unit1-a-land-of-diversity-新人教版

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 知識(shí)排查突破 book8 unit1 a land of diversity 新人教版重點(diǎn)識(shí)記詞匯1.take in包括；吸收2.back to back背靠背3occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 4.live on繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存5apply for申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到 6.hire vt.& n租用；雇用7a great/good many許多；很多 8.nowhere adv.無(wú)處；到處都無(wú)9applicant n申請(qǐng)人 10.percentage n百分比；百分率11keep up 堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 12.m

2、ake a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等13authority n權(quán)威；權(quán)力；(pl) 當(dāng)局；官方 14.slip vi.滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 n滑動(dòng)；滑倒15thoughtful adj.關(guān)切的；體貼的；深思的 16.team up with與合作或一起工作17mark out用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出界線 18.grasp vt.& n抓??；抓緊；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì)19reform vt.& vi.改革；革新 n改革；改造；改良 20.thankful adj.感激的；感謝的thank n& v感謝21racial adj.人種的；種族的race n種族 22.adventure

3、r n冒險(xiǎn)家adventure v& n冒險(xiǎn)23punishment n處罰；懲罰punish vt.懲罰 24.justice n正義；公平j(luò)ust adj.公平的；公正的25customs n海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅customer n顧客26elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人election n選舉27boom n(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 vi.處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期28means n手段；方法by means of.用辦法；借助29majority n大多數(shù)；大半minority n(反義詞)少數(shù)派；少數(shù)民族30distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的distinctio

4、n n差別；區(qū)分；卓著31immigrate vi.移入(外國(guó)定居)immigration n移民；移居入境32crossing n橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道cross vi.橫過(guò)33apparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地34socialist n社會(huì)主義者；社會(huì)黨人 adj.社會(huì)主義者的socialism n社會(huì)主義social adj.社會(huì)的；社交的 35indicate vt.指出；指示；表明；暗示indicator n指示者；指示器indication n指示；指標(biāo)36fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的f

5、ascinated adj.著迷的；被深深吸引的fascinate vi.入迷 vt.使著迷，使神魂顛倒fascination n魅力；魔力；入迷必背經(jīng)典句式1.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，土著美國(guó)人有可能在一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加州生活著。2That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

6、這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。3It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人們相信過(guò)不了多久國(guó)籍間相混的程度將如此大以至于不再有明顯的種族或文化團(tuán)體，而僅僅是一個(gè)許多種族和文化的混合體。4By the time Californi

7、a elected to bee the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第三十一個(gè)聯(lián)邦州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多元文化的社會(huì)了。構(gòu)詞記憶mercial /kml/ adj.商業(yè)的；營(yíng)利性的financial /faInænl/ adj.財(cái)政的；金融的potential /ptenl/ adj.可能的；潛在的racial /reIl/ adj.種族的；人種的A語(yǔ)境填詞1The teacher asked u

8、s to read the text carefully so as to grasp(掌握)its main idea.2Increasing numbers of people elect(選擇)to work at home nowadays.3She had looked everywhere for her children，but they were nowhere(無(wú)處)to be found，which made her very worried.4Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means(方法)of pre

9、venting disease.5It occurred(產(chǎn)生想法)to me that I had left the door unlocked.6Theres a camping shop in town that has tents for hire(租用)at 10 a week.7The economy is beginning to boom(繁榮)in China.8She is seeing her baggage through customs(海關(guān))at the airport.9The government is proposing tougher punishment(

10、懲罰)for corruption.10The dictionary is an authority(權(quán)威)on the meanings of words.B用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空11Apparently，she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)12All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 5th.(a

11、pply)13It is bad news for the immigrants that the UK made new laws to restrict immigration.Those who want to immigrate to the UK must fulfill more requirement.(immigrate)14He had always been against racial discrimination(歧視)，but in his country the white race and Blacks didnt have the equal rights an

12、d racism remained a touchy issue.(race)15He indicated that I should give him some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)16Mr.Liu is a supporter of socialism；he is totally a socialist.(social).短語(yǔ)運(yùn)用A用方框內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空l(shuí)ive on，make a life，keep up，mix.with.，team up with，mark out，take in，apply for

13、，declare war on，occur to17The problem is how they made a life in the last few years.18Dont be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.19More students are applying for aid，and more families expect to get student loans.20A volleyball court had been marked out on the grass.21They

14、 teamed up with another family to rent a house for the last summer.22Were having difficulty keeping up our mortgage payments.23She is vegetarian，so she lives on vegetable and fruit.24It didnt occur to him that the Netherlands won the champion in the World Cup.25We have declared war on students cheat

15、ing on exams.26I dont like to mix business with pleasure.B用方框內(nèi)所給短語(yǔ)填空27He has extracted a great many examples from the grammar book.28He entered the room by means of the tree near the window.29Stand back to back and well see which of you is taller.30A majority of doctors agree that smoking is extreme

16、ly harmful to health.31In addition，daily travel allowance is 50 each.經(jīng)典句式32Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.湯姆病了，那就是他開會(huì)遲到的原因。33It is most likely that the environmentalists will e to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.環(huán)境保護(hù)者很有可能會(huì)到這個(gè)地區(qū)調(diào)查嚴(yán)重污染

17、所造成的潛在的破壞。34By the time he graduated from primary school，he had learned 1,000 words or so.到他小學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)為止， 他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了大約1 000個(gè)單詞。35It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.人們相信約翰遜教授已完成了他的第二部小說(shuō)。1 means n.方式；方法(way)；財(cái)富(wealth)；收入應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)(1)by no means位于句首時(shí)倒裝(2)by all means交際用語(yǔ)的用法by means o

18、f用辦法；借助by all means當(dāng)然可以by any means無(wú)論如何by no means絕不，一點(diǎn)也不Can I see it?By all means.我可以看看嗎？當(dāng)然可以。特別提醒(1)means作主語(yǔ)且有every，each，one等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some，several，many，few等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)by no means放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)選擇方框內(nèi)的短語(yǔ)填空He succeeded by means of perseverance.May I borrow your bicycle?By all means.Sh

19、e is by no means an inexperienced teacher.(2)By no means is she an inexperienced teacher.(把上題句改為倒裝句)2 occur vi.發(fā)生(happen)；存在(exist)；出現(xiàn)；(想法)產(chǎn)生(e into ones mind)多詞一義occur，happen，e about，take placesth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起；某人發(fā)生某事It occurs to sb.that./to do.某人突然想起The crash occurred only minutes after the

20、plane took off.空難在飛機(jī)起飛幾分鐘后就發(fā)生了。Didnt it occur to you that he was lying?你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)想到他在撒謊嗎？思考表示“某人想起”的短語(yǔ)還有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sthe to sb.，sthe into ones mind等。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空(1)An idea occurred to me.(2)An idea came into my mind.(3)I hit/struck on an idea.(4)It suddenly occurred to me that I

21、hadnt locked my door.3 mark v.做記號(hào)；留下痕跡；弄污；n.污點(diǎn)；符號(hào)mark down記下；降低的價(jià)格(分?jǐn)?shù))mark out畫線；標(biāo)出的界限mark.with.用在某物上作標(biāo)記,be marked with標(biāo)有的標(biāo)志Prices are marked on the goods.價(jià)格標(biāo)在商品上。Mark the frame with your postcode.在這一格里寫上你的郵政編碼。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)(1)用mark out，mark down的適當(dāng)形式填空When planting seedlings I prefer to mark out the rows in

22、 advance.I tend to forget things unless I mark them down.(2)語(yǔ)法填空Marked(mark) with a special mark，its easy to recognize.Youd better have your book marked with your name.4 make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生e to life變得更有趣；變得活躍live/lead a.life過(guò)著的生活e back to life蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，恢復(fù)生氣bring.back to life使蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)start a new life開

23、始新的生活We make a living by what we get，but we make a life by what we give.我們靠所得來(lái)謀生，但靠給予來(lái)創(chuàng)造生活。To our surprise，he came to life soon.令我們驚奇的是，他很快蘇醒了。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)選擇方框內(nèi)的短語(yǔ)填空(1)He believes he can bring her back to life.(2)After a while the sick man came back to life.(3)They went to the West and decided to make a lif

24、e there.5 take in吸收(absorb)；欺騙(cheat)；包括在內(nèi)(include or cover)；收留(allow sb. to stay in)；領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解；觀看應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)take短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境詞義辨析take off起飛；脫下；迅速流行take to喜歡；親近；適應(yīng)take.for granted認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然,take over接管；繼承；支配take apart拆開，拆卸take on呈現(xiàn)；雇用take out拿出，取出；除去The monastery has taken in 26 refugees.修道院已經(jīng)收留了26位難民。Lesley explains possi

25、ble treatments but you can tell shes not taking it in.萊斯利解釋了各種可行的療法，不過(guò)，你可以看出來(lái)，她并沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)寫出下列句子中take in的漢語(yǔ)意思(1)He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.欺騙(2)Gazing up into his eyes，she seemed to take in all he said.領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解(3)He persuaded Jo to take him in.收留(4)They will

26、 certainly need to take in plenty of liquid.吸收(5)I was wondering if you might want to take in a movie with me this evening.觀看1 California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.加利福尼亞是美國(guó)第三大州，但有最多的人口。the third修飾largest，意為“第三大的”。形容詞的最高級(jí)前面可以被序數(shù)詞以及by far，much，almost，nearly，n

27、ot quite等詞修飾。Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.亞洲是世界上最大的洲。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)翻譯句子(1)在所有學(xué)生中，杰克的數(shù)學(xué)幾乎是最好的。Of all the students，Jack is almost the best in maths.(2)海南島是中國(guó)第二大島。Hainan is Chinas second largest island./Hainan is the second largest island of China.2 By the time California elected to bee the

28、thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850，it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國(guó)第31個(gè)州的時(shí)候，它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)有著多種文化的社會(huì)了。(1)by the time從句，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，只是說(shuō)過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候的狀況，主句常用過(guò)去時(shí)，而不用完成時(shí)，本句就是如此。(2)by the time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“到時(shí)候?yàn)橹埂薄y the time一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。by the time一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)。(3)by時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，主句的謂語(yǔ)

29、動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的完成時(shí)形式。By the time he returned almost a year later，his belongings and neighborhood were destroyed.等到大概一年之后他回到家鄉(xiāng)，他的親戚和鄰居都已經(jīng)不在了。By the time he was twelve，he had learned mathematics all by himself.到他12歲時(shí)，他已經(jīng)自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法填空(1)Mr.Mat had been persuaded(persuade) to give up smoking in the office by

30、the time he started his new job.(2)We will have learned(learn) Book 8 by the end of next month.(3)By now，people have realized(realize) its importance.3單元語(yǔ)法用合適的引導(dǎo)詞填空使下列句子成為名詞性從句(1)Who will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.(2)I believe whoever takes part in the petition will try his best.(3)T

31、he question remains whether they will be able to help us.(4)I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder.(5)His mother is satisfied with what he has done.高考題組.閱讀填空(xx·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them

32、 well no matter what the future holds.1CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better？What could we try next time?2CreativityTrue creati

33、vity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others fe

34、el can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think shes crying？” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If som

35、eone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4Self Expression 40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.AEncourage kids to cook with you.BAnd we cant forget science education.CWe

36、 can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.GBeing able to municate ide

37、as in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.答案36.D37.A38.C39.F40.G.寫作常用句翻譯1此外，懲罰絕不是一個(gè)幫助他們?cè)诰裆虾蜕眢w上健康成長(zhǎng)的明智選擇。(by no means)(xx·陜西·書面表達(dá))Furthermore，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.2圖片中顯示，如果這個(gè)人愿意尋找其他的可能性，他能找到一個(gè)更好的、更有益的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)他的目標(biāo)。(indicate)(xx&#

38、183;北京·開放作文)As indicated in the picture，if the man is willing to look for other possibilities，he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal.模擬題組.語(yǔ)法填空1Do you know the distinction between the two countries?2The water may be carried by means of a pipe.3Long marks on the street in

39、dicated(indicate) that the driver had attempted to brake.4We must mark out the tennis court ready for the match these days.5In my opinion，it is not so helpful to give someone some bread as it is to teach him how to make a life.6Tom is the second tallest(tall) boy in my class.7By the time Jane gets h

40、ome，her aunt will have left(leave) for London to attend a meeting.8It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.9Before I began this job，I had been(be) a babysitter for two years.10It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.單句改錯(cuò)1There were over 500 appli

41、cants to the job.tofor2What percentage of his ine are taxable？areis3The city was mixture of old and new buildings.was后加上a4Local residents have reacted angrily about the news.aboutto5It didnt occur him that his wife was having an affair.occur后加上to6There is, in an addition，one further point to say.去掉a

42、n7We expressed our feelings by the means of words.去掉the8A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet.去掉many后的of9To team up the big pany is the only way to break out of money problem.up后加上with10The pany can only supply 20 percent of we need.we前加上what.寫作句式升級(jí)訓(xùn)練Though the ki

43、nd woman got paid lowly，she decided to donate all she had saved，in the hope that she could help those with financial problems.(素材來(lái)源于xx·廣東·讀寫任務(wù))The kind woman who got paid lowly decided to donate what she had saved，hoping that she could help those with financial problems.(用who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句、what引導(dǎo)

44、的賓語(yǔ)從句及現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)改寫句子).閱讀理解AHave you paid much attention to your daily elevator ride？Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it.But Lee Gray，PhD，of the University of North Carolina，US，has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport.He

45、 is known as the “Elevator Guy”“The lift bees this interesting social space where etiquette(禮儀) is sort of strange，”Gray told the BBC.“They are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”We walk in and usually turn around to face the door.If someone else es in，we may have to move.And h

46、ere，according to Gray，lift users unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements.He told the BBC what he had observed.He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift，you can do whatever you wantits your own little box.If there are the two of you，you go into different corners，standing di

47、agonally(對(duì)角線地) across from each other to create distance.When a third person enters，you will unconsciously form a triangle.And when there is a fourth person，it bees a square，with someone in every corner.A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.Newers to the lift will need to s

48、ize up the situation when the doors slide open and then act directly.Once in，for most people the rule is simplelook down，or look at your phone.Why are we so awkward in lifts?“You dont have enough space，”Professor Babette Renneberg，a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin，told the BBC

49、.“Usually when we meet other people we have about an arms length of distance between us.And thats not possible in most elevators.”In such a small，enclosed space it bees very important to act in a way that cannot be understood as threatening or strange.“The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye cont

50、act，”she said.1Why does Lee Gray think that elevators are often very awkward places?ABecause people in lifts are unfriendly with each other.BBecause the space in lifts is limited，which makes peoples etiquette strange.CBecause some people in lifts do something strange to arouse others interest.DBecau

51、se its interesting to study peoples unique eye contacts in lifts.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五、六段“Why are we so awkward in lifts？”和“You dont have enough space.”可知答案為B。2According to the passage，which of the following is WRONG?AWhen the first person es into the lift，he may stand anywhere and face the door.BWhen t

52、he second person enters，he may stand in the opposite corner of the first one diagonally.CWhen a third person enters，he will form a triangle deliberately.DWhen the fourth one enters，he will be in a corner of a square.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容可知，he will form a triangle unconsciously，而不是deliberately。3Whats

53、the message behind the fact that most people will look down or look at their phones once in?AThey dont want to make others feel threatening or uneasy.BThey are always busy with their own thinking or businesses.CThey are sometimes too shy to look others in the eye.DThey are told only to mind their ow

54、n business when in the lifts.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文尤其是最后一段可知答案為A。4The main purpose of this passage is to .Ainform us of some interesting people in the elevatorsBshare with us the authors interesting but awkward elevator experiencesCanalyze in detail psychological reasons of some strange behaviorsDpresent u

55、s with some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette答案D解析寫作意圖題。作者談在電梯里的各種情況并加以分析，目的就是告訴讀者這些不成文的規(guī)矩。BMaking the announcement，Peter Englund，permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy，called Alice Munro a “master of the contemporary short story”“She has taken an art form，the short story，which has tended to

56、 live a little bit in the shadow of the novel，and she has cultivated it almost to perfection，” he said.The 82­year­old，whose books include Dear Life and Dance of the Happy Shades，is only the 13th woman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature since its start in 1901.“I knew I was in the running，yes，but I never thought I would win，” Munro told Canadian media.Alice Munro：“I would really hope that this would make people see the short story as an important art form.”Munro，who began writing in her teenage years，published her first story，The Dimensions of a Shadow，in 1950.Da