RobinsonCrusoe羅賓遜漂流記講述PPT教案

1、會計學(xué)1RobinsonCrusoe羅賓遜漂流記講述羅賓遜漂流記講述uborn in 1661, died in 1731uson of a London butcher named Foeuat 40, added the aristocratic prefix De-ua jack-of-all-trades as well as a writerua radical Nonconformist in religionua journalist and a pamphleteeruknew prison life (for writing the pamphlet The Shortest

2、 Way with Dissenters)第1頁/共77頁Verses:Hymn to the Pillory 枷刑頌 (1702)Fictions:Robinson Crusoe (1719) Captain Singleton辛格爾頓船長 (1720) Duncan Campbell (1720) Memoirs of a Cavalier (1720) Colonel Jack (1722) Moll Flanders 摩爾弗蘭德斯 (1722) Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年紀事 (1722) The History of the Devil (1726)

3、 第2頁/共77頁u Along with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel (before his time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas) u often given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel; but whether or not he deserves that honor is an open question (Robinson

4、 Crusoe is largely an adventure story rather than the study of human character)第3頁/共77頁BackgroundBackgroundRobinson Crusoe was partly based on was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk, an 18th century Scottish sailor who spent 18th century S

5、cottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a desert almost five years alone on a desert island.island. T This novel is famous for its lovely his novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in details and its expression of belief in mansmans ability when left alone in

6、 natureability when left alone in nature. .第4頁/共77頁Crusoe set sail on the sea voyage in 1651 against the wishes of his parents. After the tumultuous journey, his ship wrecked in a storm. His lust for the sea remained so strong that he set out to the sea again. This journey ends in disaster too and C

7、rusoe became a slave. After 2 years of slavery, he was rescued by a captain of Portuguese, with whose help, Crusoe became an owner of plantation in Brazil.第5頁/共77頁Years later, he joined an expedition to bring slaves from Africa. But he was shipwrecked, his companions all died, saved himself and thre

8、e animals -the captains dog and two cats. Then he lived the lonely life in an isolated island. Years later, Crusoe saved a prisoner, named him Friday. Crusoe then taught him English and converted him a Christianity. Four years later, they were rescued and returned to England. Crusoe lived on uninhab

9、ited for 28 years.第6頁/共77頁Saving Friday第7頁/共77頁 Building a fenced-in inhabitation第8頁/共77頁每個成長中的青少年，尤其是每個成長中的青少年，尤其是男孩子都應(yīng)該讀讀它男孩子都應(yīng)該讀讀它 。 盧梭盧梭第9頁/共77頁第10頁/共77頁魯濱孫漂流記魯濱孫漂流記笛福笛福第11頁/共77頁魯濱孫漂流記一問世即風(fēng)靡全球又歷久不衰。至今已出了幾百版，幾乎譯成了世界上所有各種文字。據(jù)說除圣經(jīng)之外，魯濱孫漂流記是再版最多的一本書。在歐美國家是兒童的必讀書。魯濱孫漂流記魯濱孫漂流記第12頁/共77頁生存問題生存問題生存，還是毀滅，

10、生存，還是毀滅，這是一個值得思考這是一個值得思考的問題。的問題。魯濱孫及時調(diào)整悲觀絕望的心態(tài)，決定在島上頑強地生存下去。第13頁/共77頁吃喝吃喝住穿住穿是人是人生存生存所依所依賴的賴的物質(zhì)物質(zhì)條件。條件。物質(zhì)問題物質(zhì)問題計算時間、獲得的東西、缺乏的東西、打造木柵欄圍墻、每天覓食第14頁/共77頁人沒有精神人沒有精神寄托，靈魂寄托，靈魂就無所依附就無所依附。精神問題精神問題寫日記，思考處境；得出經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，希望得到理解；安心于荒島生活第15頁/共77頁 在海難中，同船的在海難中，同船的 11 11人中，死了十個，就人中，死了十個，就他一個人活著，這是上帝對他的特別關(guān)照。他一個人活著，這是上帝對他

11、的特別關(guān)照。 從船上獲得大量維持生活的必需品，這是上從船上獲得大量維持生活的必需品，這是上帝對他的特別恩賜。帝對他的特別恩賜。 他日記本上列出的六大他日記本上列出的六大“好處好處”更體現(xiàn)了他更體現(xiàn)了他要頑強活下去的理由。要頑強活下去的理由。第16頁/共77頁魯濱孫雖身陷絕境, 但他說服自己頑強的活著, 并打定主意在島上獨自生活一輩子, 這需要巨大的勇氣。可以看出他是一個非常熱愛生命、珍惜生活的人。他活著也許并非為了什么, 僅僅是因為自己是一條生命, 既然是生命就應(yīng)該善待它。況且他活的積極、主動, 活出了尊嚴, 這樣的人值得活著。魯濱孫是一個珍惜生命，熱愛生活；意志堅強，生存信念執(zhí)著；勇于創(chuàng)造，

12、務(wù)實肯干的人?！霸谧畈恍业奶幘持校覀円部梢园押锰幒蛪奶帉φ掌饋砜?，從而找到聊以自慰的事情?！笨梢愿爬橐粋€人在逆境中不要悲觀失望，而要努力看到積極的因素，從而改變自己被動的局面。第17頁/共77頁 魯濱孫記錄時間, 是為了清楚地了解自己是怎么活著的, 可以活多長時間。這表明了他對生存下去充滿信心。 記敘了他制作日歷, 記錄時間, 從船上獲得物品, 艱難地打造木柵欄圍墻, 以及每天在島上各處尋找食物。這樣寫, 從一個側(cè)面體現(xiàn)了人類創(chuàng)造生活的艱難, 也表現(xiàn)了魯濱孫勤于創(chuàng)造、務(wù)實肯干的精神。第18頁/共77頁 日記是為了記錄生活，撫慰心靈，而且要面對自我。魯濱孫記日記的行為，表明他作為一個文明人

13、精神方面的需要，為了使自己的精神有所寄托，減輕心中的苦悶，便于深入思考當前的處境。在荒島上，魯濱孫有理由相信上帝的存在（這部作品里多次提到圣經(jīng)及魯濱孫對上帝的祈禱，有了這個前提，魯濱孫就有了活下去的精神支柱，活的有理由，有意義。 本文沒有生動的故事，作者是通過心理描寫來刻畫人物性格表現(xiàn)作品主題的。 用第一人稱來寫，便于展現(xiàn)“我”的內(nèi)心世界,使作品更具真實感,縮小了作品和讀者之間的距離。第19頁/共77頁第20頁/共77頁第21頁/共77頁第22頁/共77頁Friday is loyal to Robinson. he has no temper and he is outgoing ,kind

14、hearted. Friday to Robinson is what a child to father, whenever and whatever it is, Friday prefers to sacrifice himself to protect Robinson. Robinson has saved a poor savages life and soul ,he feels very happy. in this lonely island ,it is Friday who release Robinson deep inner pressure. but he feel

15、s superior to Friday, he asks Friday to call himself “master”, that implies his ambition to dominate and colonize other savage tribes. excuse to colonization by the white.第23頁/共77頁The book proved so popular that the name of the two main protagonists have entered the language. The term “Robinson Crus

16、oe” is virtually synonymous with the word” castaway” and is often used as a metaphor for being rejected.Idioms from the book第24頁/共77頁Robinson Crusoe usually referred to his servant as My man Friday, from which the term Man Friday originated, referring to a dedicated personal assistant, servant, or c

17、ompanion.第25頁/共77頁Everyone can be abandoned on the desert island like Robinson, the truth is even we are now living around in a hustle and bustle of large crowds, we still have a lot of moment to be alone, to work our own path of life all alone. but luckily, what Robinson Crusoe shows us is: solitud

18、e is not a horrible thing; the really sad thing is we can not stand on our own feet in the misery of that endless loneliness.Deeper meaning 第26頁/共77頁He is considered one of the greatest fiction writers of 18th-century England. Defoe was a very good story-teller. He had a gift for organizing minute (

19、careful and exact) details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, while leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostl

20、y vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best. Adventures of Robinson Crusoe第27頁/共77頁The story of Robinson Crusoe is well-known throughout the world. It tells of how Robinson Crusoe, an English mariner, having shipwrecked on an island, managed to struggl

21、e for live for 28 years there and rescued a black man, whom he named Friday, from the cannibals (person who eats human flesh). Later, Robinson got hold of a ship and sailed home. The books “realistic” touch and ingenuity (originality) aroused great interest from the readers both in England and abroa

22、d.第28頁/共77頁The story was based on the life of Alexander Selkirk, who was put ashore on an uninhabitated island and spent 5 years there. Defoe was probably familiar with several versions of this tale, and added many incidents from his own imagination to his account of Crusoe, presenting it as a true

23、story. The story starts with Robinson Crusoes running away from home. An inexperienced teenager and a young man full of bright fancies about the future, he naturally chooses going to sea, because in those days it meant a chance to live a chivalrous life, to see the wonders of the world and to make a

24、 fortune. 第29頁/共77頁After many setbacks and adventures on the sea, he settles down in Brazil as a planter. But the call of the sea is so strong that he soon embarks on another voyage, this time, to Africa. Unfortunately a frightful storm blows the boat off its course and shipwrecks it near an island.

25、第30頁/共77頁Of all the ships crew Robinson alone escapes to the shore after strenuous efforts. After salvaging from the wrecked ship some stores of necessities such as bread, rice, barley, corn, planks, lead and gunpowder, an axe and two saws, which he later manages to bring to the island with a self-m

26、ade raft. After several futile attempts to leave the island, Robinson settles himself down to a hard and lonely life. 第31頁/共77頁 He grows crops, domesticates animals and builds comfortable homes himself. His life takes a turn for the better when he saves from the hands of savages a young Negro, whom

27、he names Friday. Robinson teaches him English and educates him in such a way that Friday soon becomes a loyal servant and an indispensable help to him. Finally they are picked up by an English ship and return to England. Thus ends the first part of the story.第32頁/共77頁In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces

28、 the growth of Robinson from a nave and artless （simple, innocent） youth into a shrewd and hardened (strong-minded) man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of th

29、e novel. 第33頁/共77頁Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of t

30、he empire builder, the pioneer colonist.第34頁/共77頁As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great popularity among the less cultivated readers. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy (不屈的) middle class. 第35頁/共

31、77頁37Life on the islandCharacters of RobinsonRobinsons companionsTools and foodCrusoe Visits the WreckThe FootprintCrusoe Saves Friday fromthe Cannibals Plot overviewBackgroundPericopes第36頁/共77頁u Defoes masterpiece u consisting of three volumes, only the first one very popular, published in hundreds

32、 of editions and scores of languagesu based on the experiences of Alexander Selkirk, a captain lived alone in an island for 5 yearsu creating a visual picture that manifests how human history has developed from the primitive to the feudal and then to the capitalistic in the 18th century第37頁/共77頁ua g

33、lorification of bourgeois qualities of individualism, private enterprise, and even of laboruits details told in a simple, straightforward style, adding to the realistic effect of the storyustarting the tradition of realistic description and presenting authentic details which are important for the la

34、ter development of the novel.第38頁/共77頁u at the early stage, an individual laborer, and then a master, until at last an exploiter, a colonizer.u an image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th centuryu an embodiment of the spirit of individual enterprise and colonial expansion.u a man struggling a

35、gainst nature and human fate, with indomitable will .第39頁/共77頁Click to add title in here Friday is loyal to Robinson. He has no temper and he is outgoing, kindhearted. Friday to Robinson is what a child to father. Whenever and whatever it is, Friday prefers to sacrifice himself to protect Robinson.

36、Friday 第40頁/共77頁Click to add title in here Although Robinson has tested Friday many times, Friday Although Robinson has tested Friday many times, Fridays behavior s behavior doesndoesnt disappoint him, Fridayt disappoint him, Friday proves proves his loyalty. Robinson has saved a his loyalty. Robins

37、on has saved a poor savagepoor savages life and soul, he feels very happy. In this lonely island, it is s life and soul, he feels very happy. In this lonely island, it is Friday who Friday who releaserelease Robinson deep inner pressure. Friday Robinson deep inner pressure. Fridays appearance s appe

38、arance makes Robinson not so confused. He becomes makes Robinson not so confused. He becomes positivepositive to life . to life . In fact, everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness, In fact, everyone living in noisy society will have the feeling of loneliness, Robinson is

39、a member in the real society and he is the model of ourselves. Robinson is a member in the real society and he is the model of ourselves. Friday is the Friday is the inner true egos inner true egos in our hearts. He leads us to find the in our hearts. He leads us to find the directions and helps us

40、to overcome the difficulty.directions and helps us to overcome the difficulty.Friday 第41頁/共77頁第42頁/共77頁第43頁/共77頁第44頁/共77頁Theme 第45頁/共77頁第46頁/共77頁第47頁/共77頁Friday 第48頁/共77頁第49頁/共77頁Writing style第50頁/共77頁day they met.第51頁/共77頁own efforts.第52頁/共77頁第53頁/共77頁but from communication with God. 第54頁/共77頁Click

41、 to add title in here Click to add title in here Click to add title in here Crusoe save a prisoner, naming his new companion Friday after the day of the week he appeared. Crusoe then teaches him English.Last part:第55頁/共77頁Click to add title in here Friday is extremely grateful and becomes Robinsons

42、devoted servant. He learns some English and takes on the Christian religion. For some years the two live happily. Click to add title in here Part 5:第56頁/共77頁Click to add title in here Then, another ship of savages arrives with three prisoners. Together Crusoe and Friday are able to save two of them.

43、 One is a Spaniard; the other is Fridays father. Their reunion is very joyous. Both have come from the mainland close by.Click to add title in here Following:第57頁/共77頁Click to add title in here With the help of his new workers, Crusoe increases his agricultural capacity. After a few months, they leave to bring back the rest of the Spaniards men. Crusoe is happy that his island is being peopled.What will happen next following:第58頁/共77頁Click to add title in here Before the Spaniard and