英漢構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)詞匯一

1、英漢構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)詞匯 一 英漢構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)專業(yè)詞匯(與 Foundations of Structural Geology 配套使用)曾佐勛 選編中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(武漢)2007編寫說(shuō)明為了配合地質(zhì)學(xué)理科基地班構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)教學(xué)，我們于 2002 年， 從 R.G. Park 所著的 Foundation of Structural Geology (3 rd ed, 1997)一書(shū)中 選編了與構(gòu)造地質(zhì)學(xué)關(guān)系較密切的部分專業(yè)詞匯，以英漢對(duì)照的形式刊 出，便于學(xué)生使用。以求對(duì)學(xué)生在全英文教學(xué)課堂和課下學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)有所幫 助。根據(jù)近幾年使用情況，效果不錯(cuò)。本次進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)補(bǔ)充，并由中國(guó) 地質(zhì)大學(xué)（武漢）作為校內(nèi)補(bǔ)充教

2、材出版。使用過(guò)程中若發(fā)現(xiàn)不當(dāng)之處， 歡迎多提批評(píng)和建議，以便及時(shí)補(bǔ)充更正。編者2007 年 1 月Contents- 1 -Chapter 1Basic Conceptbedding planes層面geometry幾何學(xué)deposit存放,堆積,沉淀incline傾斜,斜坡,斜面isopachytes等厚線undeformed無(wú)形變的surface表面,外表,水面portray描繪diastem沉積暫停期reconstruct重建,改造,推想sedimentation沉淀,沉降interpretation解釋, 闡明, 口譯, 通譯non-sequence間斷 不連續(xù)stratigraphi

3、c地層學(xué)的faunalbed巖層tilt.(使)傾斜, (使)翹起stratum (pl. strata)巖層discordance不調(diào)和,不和bedded成層的volcanogenic火山(生成)的formation組bedding層理synonymous同義的cessation停止,終止paraconformity似整合，沉積間斷 outcrop露出地面的巖層 disconformity假整合,平行不整合 cross bedding交錯(cuò)層理graded bedding粒級(jí)層理unconformity角度不整合overstep踏過(guò),逾越,超出.的限度 basal基礎(chǔ)的,基本的,基部的 tru

4、ncate截去尖端,修剪overstep超覆nonconformity非整合onlap上超、超覆transgression海侵、海進(jìn)offlap退覆 regression海退 toplap頂超 downlap下超 strike走向 dip傾角 truedip真傾角 foliation面理compass bearing羅盤方位 azimuth方位,方位角 apparent dip視傾角given特定的,假設(shè)的stereogram極射(赤面投影)圖plunge傾伏角 orthogonal直角的,直交的 pitch側(cè)傾角 clinometer測(cè)斜儀structure contour構(gòu)造等高線form

5、 lines形態(tài)線form line contour形態(tài)等高線isopachyte等厚線borehole鉆孔，地上鑿洞feather edge尖滅 subcrop隱伏露頭 intersection交叉點(diǎn)outliers外露層topographic地形上的inliers內(nèi)露層down plunge projection俯瞰傾伏投影 diagrammatic圖表的,概略的 palinspastic復(fù)原再造 balanced section平衡剖面Chapter 2Faults and Fr acturestrike-slip fault走滑斷層fracture破裂wrench fault平推斷層f

6、ault斷層tear fault平推斷層joint節(jié)理transcurrent fault橫推斷層hanging wall上盤heave平錯(cuò)cohesion結(jié)合,凝聚throw落差foot wall下盤normal fault正斷層dilationalreverse逆斷層calcite方解石dyke溝,渠,堤壩aqueous水的, 水成的thrust沖斷層hade斷層傾斜余角lay fault滯后斷層dip-slip fault傾滑斷層nomenclature命名法,術(shù)語(yǔ)sinistral左旋dextral右旋left-lateral左行ritht-lateral右行fault brecci斷

7、層角礫brittle易碎的, 脆弱的ductile易延展的, 易教導(dǎo)的, 柔軟的fault gouge斷層泥flinty堅(jiān)硬的,強(qiáng)硬的plateystreaky有斑點(diǎn)的, 有條紋的, 容易變的striate有條紋的, 有細(xì)槽的 crush breccia壓碎角礫巖 cataclasite碎裂 巖cataclasis碎裂 作用mylonite糜棱巖 blastomylonite變余糜棱巖 ultramylonite超糜棱巖 pseudotachylite假玄武玻璃 slickensides擦痕面 slickenside striation擦 痕 groove擦槽,凹槽flexure屈曲,彎曲部分

8、,打褶slickenline擦線 slickenfibre擦痕纖維 normal drag正牽引nappereverse drag逆牽引synthetic faults次級(jí)同向斷層，同級(jí)斷層 antithetic faults次級(jí)反向斷層，相反斷層 graben地塹horst都?jí)緎play fault入字形、八字形、人字形斷層系transfer fault轉(zhuǎn)換斷層 transform fault轉(zhuǎn)換斷層 staircase fault階狀斷層 ramp斷坡flat斷坪detachment拆離decollement滑脫convergent會(huì)聚性的, 收斂的 piggyback sequence背

9、馱式逆沖順序 overstep sequence超覆式逆沖順序 imbricate zone疊瓦帶roof thrust頂板逆沖斷層 floor thrust底板逆沖斷層 duplex雙層結(jié)構(gòu) horses斷片sole thrust基底逆沖斷層，沖斷層基底活動(dòng)面fold plunge褶皺傾伏角back thrust背沖,反沖triangle zone三角帶listric fault犁式斷層 rollever anticline滾動(dòng)背斜 listric fan犁式扇 extensional duplex伸展雙層構(gòu)造 half-graben半地塹pull-apart basin拉分盆地rift裂縫

10、, 裂口, 斷裂divergent分歧的tabular扁平的, 表格式的, 平坦的perpendicular垂直的,正交的 transtension轉(zhuǎn)換拉伸 扭張作用 transpression轉(zhuǎn)換壓縮扭壓作用flower structure花狀構(gòu)造inversion反轉(zhuǎn) positive inversion正反轉(zhuǎn) negative inversion負(fù)反轉(zhuǎn)sheet joint(順)層節(jié)理 席狀節(jié)理Chapter 3Foldswavelength波長(zhǎng)fold褶曲amplitude波幅hinge樞紐fold axial trace褶皺軸跡limb翼antiform背形hinge line樞紐線

11、synform向形cylindrical fold圓柱狀褶皺neutral fold中性褶曲axial plane軸平 面anticline背斜fold axis褶軸syncline向斜axial surface軸(曲)面uprightfolds直立褶皺inter-limb angle翼間角inclined folds傾斜褶皺neutral fold中性褶皺overfolds倒立褶皺inflexion point拐 點(diǎn)fold angle褶角crest脊trough槽gentle fold平緩褶皺 open fold開(kāi)闊褶皺 close fold中常褶皺 tight fold緊閉褶皺 isoc

12、lined fold同斜褶皺 fold profile褶曲剖面 parallel fold平行褶皺ovthogonal thickness垂直層面厚度 concentric fold同心褶皺 centre fo curvature曲率中心 similar fold相似褶皺 chevron fold尖棱褶皺accordion fold棱角褶皺kink band膝折帶 dip isogon等斜線 symmetric fold對(duì)稱褶皺 asymmetruc fold不對(duì)稱褶皺 nonocline等斜 vergence倒向 parasiteic folds寄生褶皺 enveloping surface

13、包絡(luò)面 harmonic folds協(xié)調(diào)褶皺 disharmonic folds不協(xié)調(diào)褶皺 conjugate folds共軛褶皺 box fold箱狀褶皺polyclinal fold多斜褶皺cylindroidal fold圓柱狀 褶皺 non-cylindrol fold非圓柱狀 褶皺 pericline圍斜構(gòu)造 brachyanticline短軸背斜 brachysyncline短軸向斜dome穹窿 basin盆地 culmination軸隆區(qū) depression軸陷區(qū)凹陷 interference干涉 superimpose fold疊加褶皺 interferene structu

14、re干涉構(gòu)造dome and basin穹盆(相間)crescent and mushroom新月形，蘑菇形double zigzag雙之字 buckling縱彎作用 bending橫彎作用 flexural slip彎滑 kinking膝折shear zone剪切帶slide滑動(dòng)，滑移penetrative透入性Chapter 4Foliation，Lineation and Fabricnon-pentrative非透入性folliation面理spaced cleavage間隔劈理gneisose banding片麻狀條帶beddign folliation順層面理gneissosity

15、片麻理lineation線理tetrahedron晶四面體fabric組構(gòu)conglomerate聚結(jié)cleavage劈理mica云母schistosity片理hornblende角閃石slaty cleavage板劈理mudstone泥巖fracture cleavage破劈理specimen標(biāo)本,樣品,樣本crenulation cleavage褶劈理muscovite白云母solution cleavage溶解劈理clay粘土,泥土lensoid透鏡狀的,透鏡狀結(jié)構(gòu)aggregate集合體,集合的,聚合的slate板巖slab厚平板,厚片 microlithou微劈石 hydraulic

16、 fracturing水壓破裂作用 pressure solution壓溶stylolite縫合線 metamorphic segregation變質(zhì)析離作用 meamorphic defferentiation變質(zhì)分異作用 augen gniss眼球狀片麻巖 shape fabric形態(tài)組構(gòu) intrafolial fold面理內(nèi)褶皺rootless intrafolial fold面理內(nèi)無(wú)根褶皺lamination迭片結(jié)構(gòu)elongation lineation伸長(zhǎng)線理symmetric相稱性的, 均衡的 asymmetric不均勻的, 不對(duì)稱的 nullion structure窗欞構(gòu)造

17、fissility易裂性,分裂性 lithology巖石學(xué), 巖性 shale頁(yè)巖, 泥板巖 limestone石灰石schist片巖 augen眼球狀體 paragneiss副片麻巖orthogneiss正片麻巖Intrafolial folds面理褶皺crenulation cleavage細(xì)褶皺劈理mullion豎框, 直欞, 放射狀框Cuspate-lobate folds尖圓褶皺 Mineral lineations礦物線理 growth anisotropy生長(zhǎng)各向異性 boudin石香腸 boudinage石香腸構(gòu)造 pinch-and-swell腫縮石香腸chocolate-t

18、able structure巧克力方盤構(gòu)造 fabric組構(gòu) homogeneous均勻heterogeneous非均勻stacking fault堆垛層錯(cuò) sub-grain boundary亞顆粒邊界 undulose extinction波狀消光 deformation band變形帶 lattice格子 deformation lamellae變形紋 deformation twinning變形雙晶Chapter 5Stressprincipal stress planes主應(yīng)力面deformation變形stress axial cross應(yīng)力軸十字geometrical幾何學(xué)的,

19、幾何的hydrostatic stress靜水應(yīng)力force力deviatoric stress偏斜應(yīng)力Confining pressure圍壓lithostatic stress靜巖壓力stress應(yīng) 力trajectory軌道、軌線newton牛頓stress field應(yīng)力場(chǎng)pascal帕 斯卡stress fragectories應(yīng)力跡線bar巴kilbar千巴normal stress正應(yīng)力principal stress axes主應(yīng)力軸shear stress剪應(yīng)力stretch長(zhǎng)度比Chapter 6Strainfactor系數(shù)strain應(yīng)變strain ellipse應(yīng)變橢

20、圓principal strain主應(yīng)變dilation體變膨脹度strain ellipsoid應(yīng)變橢球distortion畸變形變coaxial strain共軸應(yīng)變homogeneous strain均勻應(yīng)變pure shear純剪切inhomogeneous strain非均勻應(yīng)變simple shear簡(jiǎn)單剪切extension伸長(zhǎng)應(yīng)變prolate ellipsoid長(zhǎng)橢球體shear strain剪應(yīng)變Constrictional strainelongation伸長(zhǎng)度Flattening strainshortening縮短率ablate ellipsid扁橢球體infinit

21、esimal無(wú)限小progressive deformation漸進(jìn)變形Prolate ellipsoid扁長(zhǎng)橢球體Oblateellipsoid扁平橢球體coaxial共軸的 finite strain有限應(yīng)變 infinitesimal strain無(wú)窮小應(yīng)變 growth fibre生長(zhǎng)纖維crack-seal mechanism裂隙焊封機(jī)制delayed recovery遲滯回復(fù)brittle脆性ductile韌性yield strength屈服強(qiáng)度 failure strength破壞強(qiáng)度 ultimate strength極限強(qiáng)度 confining pressure圍壓 extr

22、apolate外推，推斷 marble大理石 feldspar長(zhǎng)石creep蠕變 primary creep初期 蠕變 secondary creep二期 蠕變tertiary creep三期 蠕變cataclasis碎裂 作用 grain boundary sliding顆粒邊界活動(dòng) intracrystalling plasticity晶內(nèi)塑性 dislocation glide位錯(cuò)滑移 dislocation creep位錯(cuò)蠕變strain hardening應(yīng)變硬化 diffusive mass transfer擴(kuò)散質(zhì)量遷移 solution creep溶解蠕變 pressure so

23、lution壓溶 crystal plasticity晶質(zhì)塑性superplasticity超塑性coble creep柯勃爾蠕變nabareo-herring creep納巴羅-赫林蠕變deformation map變形圖coldworking冷加工hotworking polygonization熱加工多邊形化annealing退火spherulite球粒bilaterally symmetrical fossil兩側(cè)對(duì)稱化石vesicle氣泡volcanic rock火山巖strain determination in threedimensions三維應(yīng)變測(cè)量reduction spo

24、t退色斑 spherulite球粒 fossil化石recrystallization spot重結(jié)晶斑點(diǎn) hornfels角巖 concretion結(jié)核thin section薄片 centre-to-centre method心對(duì)心法 atypical非典型的 deformed conglomerate變形礫石superimposition of strain應(yīng)變疊加Griffith-murrell failure格里菲斯-穆雷爾破壞準(zhǔn)則Chapter 9faulting and stresscriterionbrittle failure脆性破壞seismic fault發(fā)震斷層stress criteria of brittle脆性強(qiáng)度應(yīng)力準(zhǔn)則strengthaseismic fault無(wú)震斷層stick-slip粘滑angle of internal friction內(nèi)摩擦角focal-plane solution震源面解Mohr failure envelope莫爾破壞包絡(luò)線fault-plane solution斷層面解coulomb failure庫(kù)倫破壞準(zhǔn)則auxiliary plane輔助面dia