計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)常用英語(yǔ).

1、2.1 Reduced Instruction Set Computers11. architecture 體系結(jié)構(gòu)體系結(jié)構(gòu)2. RISC Reduced Instruction set Computing 精簡(jiǎn)指令集計(jì)算技術(shù)精簡(jiǎn)指令集計(jì)算技術(shù)比較比較 CISC complex Instruction set Computing 復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算技術(shù)復(fù)雜指令集計(jì)算技術(shù)3. assignment statement 賦值語(yǔ)句賦值語(yǔ)句4. optimize v. 優(yōu)化優(yōu)化optimizer 優(yōu)化器優(yōu)化器程序程序25. compiler 編譯器，編譯程序編譯器，編譯程序compile v. 編譯編譯c

2、ompiled language 編譯語(yǔ)言編譯語(yǔ)言6. branch n. 分支；連接；轉(zhuǎn)移分支；連接；轉(zhuǎn)移branch instruction 轉(zhuǎn)移指令，分支指令轉(zhuǎn)移指令，分支指令branchpoint 轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn)，分支點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移點(diǎn)，分支點(diǎn)branch prediction 轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)測(cè)，分支預(yù)測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)移預(yù)測(cè)，分支預(yù)測(cè)37. frequency 頻率頻率Time 時(shí)間時(shí)間Amplitude 振幅振幅sine wave 正弦波正弦波period 周期周期phase 相位相位phase difference 相位差相位差4比較比較 constant n. 常量常量9. variable n. 變量變量10. m

3、ode n. 方式，模式，狀態(tài)方式，模式，狀態(tài)compatibility mode 兼容方式兼容方式5比較比較 model 模型模型 module 模塊模塊 modulo 模模(運(yùn)算運(yùn)算)11. opcode 操作碼操作碼( operation code )12. decode v. 譯碼譯碼decoder 譯碼器，解碼器，翻譯程序譯碼器，解碼器，翻譯程序2.2 Microprocessor And Microcomputer61. integrated circuit 集成電路集成電路integrated software 集成軟件集成軟件比較比較 integration 集成；芯片封裝；積

4、分集成；芯片封裝；積分 integrator 積分電路，積分器積分電路，積分器 integrity 完整性完整性2. semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體半導(dǎo)體3. chip 芯片芯片74. package 軟件包；軟件包；( 封裝封裝 )外殼外殼packaged software 套裝軟件套裝軟件比較比較 packet n. ( 信息信息 )包；包；( 報(bào)文報(bào)文 )分組分組 pack v. 壓縮壓縮5. descending sort 降序排序降序排序比較比較 ascending sort 升序排序升序排序86. superscalar 超標(biāo)量結(jié)構(gòu)超標(biāo)量結(jié)構(gòu)superclass 超類超類sup

5、ercomputer 超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)superconductor 超導(dǎo)體超導(dǎo)體superscript 上標(biāo)上標(biāo)A microprocessor architecture that enables the microprocessor to execute multiple instructions per clock cycle.遵循此結(jié)構(gòu)的微處理器能在一個(gè)時(shí)鐘周期內(nèi)執(zhí)行多條指令。97. complex number 復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)比較比較 real number 實(shí)數(shù)實(shí)數(shù)8. Multimedia Extensions 多媒體擴(kuò)展多媒體擴(kuò)展(技術(shù)技術(shù))multimedia 多媒體多媒體ext

6、ension 擴(kuò)展名擴(kuò)展名9. benckmark n. 基準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)(測(cè)試測(cè)試)程序程序 v. 測(cè)量性能測(cè)量性能A test used to measure hardware or software performance.一種用于測(cè)量硬件或軟件性能的測(cè)試程序。1010. decompression n. 解壓縮解壓縮(uncompression)比較比較 compression n. 壓縮壓縮 compress v. 壓縮壓縮 compressor n. 壓縮器壓縮器11. convention n. 規(guī)定，約定規(guī)定，約定conventional memory 常規(guī)內(nèi)存常規(guī)內(nèi)存12. tran

7、sistor 晶體管晶體管( transfer resistor )Emitter 發(fā)射極發(fā)射極Base 基極基極Collector 集電極集電極1113. odd 奇數(shù)奇數(shù)比較比較 even 偶數(shù)偶數(shù)14. compatibility 兼容性兼容性1216. idle a. 空閑，等待空閑，等待idle state 空閑狀態(tài)空閑狀態(tài)Operational but not in use.用來(lái)說(shuō)明處在可操作狀態(tài)但不在使用。1318. launch v. 啟動(dòng)，激活啟動(dòng)，激活19. prototyping 原型法原型法20. project n. 投影運(yùn)算投影運(yùn)算21. workstation 工

8、作站工作站2.3 Multiprocessing141. parallel a. 并聯(lián)；并行并聯(lián)；并行parallel access 并行存取并行存取parallel computer 并行計(jì)算機(jī)并行計(jì)算機(jī)parallel interface 并行接口并行接口parallel processing 并行處理并行處理parallel transmission 并行傳輸并行傳輸比較比較 serial a. 串行串行152. fixed a. 固定固定fixed-length field 定長(zhǎng)字段定長(zhǎng)字段fixed-point arithmetic 定點(diǎn)運(yùn)算定點(diǎn)運(yùn)算3. task 任務(wù)任務(wù)4. tr

9、affic n. 通信通信業(yè)務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)量量The load carried by a communications link or channel.通信鏈路或信道載送的負(fù)荷。5. throughout n. 吞吐量吞吐量166. share v. 共享共享shared resource 共享資源共享資源shareware 共享軟件共享軟件7. LAN 局域網(wǎng)局域網(wǎng) local area network比較比較 WAN 廣域網(wǎng)廣域網(wǎng) wide area network MAN 城域網(wǎng)城域網(wǎng) metropolitan area network8. library (程序程序)庫(kù)，庫(kù)庫(kù)，庫(kù)179. si

10、ngle threading 單線程處理方式單線程處理方式single-precision 單精度單精度single-user computer 單用戶計(jì)算機(jī)單用戶計(jì)算機(jī)thread 線程；線索線程；線索threaded tree 線索樹線索樹threading 線程技術(shù)線程技術(shù)Within a program, the running of a single process at a time.在程序中，一次運(yùn)行一個(gè)進(jìn)程的方式。1810. local a. 局部；本地局部；本地機(jī)機(jī)localhost 本本(主主)機(jī)機(jī)比較比較 remote a. 遠(yuǎn)程遠(yuǎn)程 remote access 遠(yuǎn)程訪問

11、遠(yuǎn)程訪問 remote communications 遠(yuǎn)程通信遠(yuǎn)程通信 remote terminal 遠(yuǎn)程終端遠(yuǎn)程終端11. ring network 環(huán)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)形網(wǎng)絡(luò) ring topology 環(huán)形拓?fù)洵h(huán)形拓?fù)?912. master processor 主處理器主處理器master file 主文件主文件master record 主記錄主記錄master arrangement 主配置主配置比較比較 slave n. 從設(shè)備從設(shè)備2013. kernel n. 內(nèi)核內(nèi)核核心核心程序程序The core of an operating systemthe portion of the

12、system that manages memory,files, and peripheral devices; maintains the time and date; launches applications; and allocates system resources.操作系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)核，是管理內(nèi)存、文件和外圍設(shè)備，維持時(shí)間和日期，啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用程序，以及分配系統(tǒng)資源的那部分操作系統(tǒng)。14. SMP symmetric multiprocessing 對(duì)稱多處理對(duì)稱多處理( 技術(shù)、體系結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)、體系結(jié)構(gòu) )2.4 Measuring Computer Performance 211. int

13、erval n. 間隔，間歇間隔，間歇2. parameter n. 參數(shù)參數(shù)3. initialize v. 初始化初始化 initialization n. 初始化初始化4. derived class 派生類派生類In object-oriented programming, a class created from another class,called the base class. A derived class inherits all the features of its base class.在面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)中，從基類中產(chǎn)生的類。派生類繼承基類所以的屬性。225. cl

14、ock 時(shí)鐘時(shí)鐘( 電路電路 )The electronic circuit in a computer that generates a steady stream of timing pulsesthe digital signals that synchronize every operation.計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)的產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的時(shí)序脈沖信號(hào)的電子電路，該數(shù)字信號(hào)同步每次操作。clock rate 時(shí)鐘頻率時(shí)鐘頻率clock speed 時(shí)鐘速度時(shí)鐘速度clock pulse 時(shí)鐘脈沖時(shí)鐘脈沖236. MIPS millions of instructions per second 百萬(wàn)條指令每秒百

15、萬(wàn)條指令每秒A common measure of processor speed.一種測(cè)量處理器運(yùn)行速率的度量單位。7. sort v. 排序；分類排序；分類bubble sort 冒泡排序冒泡排序distributive sort 分布排序分布排序insertion sort 插入排序插入排序merge sort 合并排序合并排序quick sort 快速排序快速排序248. port n. 端口端口 v. 轉(zhuǎn)出，移出轉(zhuǎn)出，移出 An interface through which data is transferred between a computer and other devic

16、es(such as a printer, keyboard or mouse),a network, or a direct connection to another computer.一種接口，數(shù)據(jù)通過它可以在計(jì)算機(jī)和其他設(shè)備之間、網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間或者其他直接相連的計(jì)算機(jī)之間進(jìn)行傳輸。To change a program in order to be able to run it on a different computer.改變一個(gè)程序，使之能在不同的計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行。3.1 Boolean Algebra251. Boolean algebra 布爾代數(shù)布爾代數(shù)Boolean express

17、ion 布爾表達(dá)式布爾表達(dá)式Boolean operator 布爾運(yùn)算符布爾運(yùn)算符2. complement 補(bǔ)碼補(bǔ)碼Complementary operation 求反運(yùn)算求反運(yùn)算263. union 并集并集比較比較 intersect 交交 difference 差差4. negation 非非5. vector 向量向量3.2 Graph Theory271. vertex 頂點(diǎn)頂點(diǎn)2. edge 邊邊3. graph 圖圖If any two nodes in a graph can be connected by a path along edges, the graph is s

18、aid to be connected. 如果圖中任意兩個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)間都能夠用一條路徑沿著邊線連接起來(lái)，那么該圖則被稱為連通的。28A subgraph is a subset of the nodes and edges within a graph. 子圖是圖中結(jié)點(diǎn)和邊線的子集。A graph is directed( a digraph ) if each edge links two nodes together only in one direction. 如果每條邊線僅在一個(gè)方向上將兩個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)連接起來(lái)，則該圖為有向圖。A graph is weighted if each edge has

19、 some value associated with it. 如果每條邊線都有一些相關(guān)的值，則該圖為加權(quán)圖。294. Loop n. v. 循環(huán)循環(huán)loop check 循環(huán)檢測(cè)循環(huán)檢測(cè)loop configuration 循環(huán)配置循環(huán)配置loop structure 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)5. circuit n. 電路電路circuit board 電路板電路板306. tree 樹樹root 根根child 孩子孩子parent 雙親雙親leaf node 葉子結(jié)點(diǎn)葉子結(jié)點(diǎn)subtree 子樹子樹3.3 Combinatorial Problems311. combinatorics 組合數(shù)

20、學(xué)組合數(shù)學(xué)A branch of mathematics related to probability and statistics, involves the study of counting, grouping, and arrangement of finite sets of elements.有關(guān)概率和統(tǒng)計(jì)的一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)分支，研究對(duì)元素的有限集合的計(jì)算、分組和排列。2. counter 計(jì)數(shù)器計(jì)數(shù)器counting loop 計(jì)數(shù)循環(huán)計(jì)數(shù)循環(huán)323. list 表表list box 列表框列表框比較比較 queue 隊(duì)列隊(duì)列 deque 雙端隊(duì)列雙端隊(duì)列 stack 堆棧堆棧4. na

21、tural number 自然數(shù)自然數(shù)An integer that is equal to or greater than zero. 大于等于零的整數(shù)。33natural language 自然語(yǔ)言自然語(yǔ)言5. error 錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤critical error 嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤fatal error 致命錯(cuò)誤致命錯(cuò)誤hard error 硬錯(cuò)誤硬錯(cuò)誤inherent error 固有錯(cuò)誤固有錯(cuò)誤intermittent error 間歇錯(cuò)誤間歇錯(cuò)誤logic error 邏輯錯(cuò)誤邏輯錯(cuò)誤overflow error 溢出錯(cuò)溢出錯(cuò)34error analysis 錯(cuò)誤分析錯(cuò)誤分析error

22、checking 錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)法錯(cuò)誤檢測(cè)法error-correcting code 糾錯(cuò)碼糾錯(cuò)碼error detection and correction 檢錯(cuò)糾錯(cuò)法檢錯(cuò)糾錯(cuò)法error rate 出錯(cuò)率出錯(cuò)率error trapping 錯(cuò)誤捕獲錯(cuò)誤捕獲比較比較 fault 故障；失效故障；失效356. object 目標(biāo)碼；對(duì)象；物體目標(biāo)碼；對(duì)象；物體object code 目標(biāo)代碼目標(biāo)代碼object file 目標(biāo)文件目標(biāo)文件object-oriented a. 面向?qū)ο竺嫦驅(qū)ο?. calculator 計(jì)算器計(jì)算器368. zero n. 零零 v. 置零置零Zero divide

23、 除（以）零除（以）零Zero flag 零標(biāo)志零標(biāo)志Zero-length string 空空零長(zhǎng)度零長(zhǎng)度字符串字符串Zero out 置零置零Zero suppression 消零消零Nonreturn to zero 不歸零不歸零379. induction 感應(yīng)感應(yīng)inductor 電感器電感器比較比較 inductance 電感，自感電感，自感10. recursion 遞歸遞歸3.4 Algorithm And Its Measures381. algorithm 算法算法algorithm language 算法語(yǔ)言算法語(yǔ)言ALGOL語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言Algorithm Language

24、2. formula 公式公式3. bound n. 界、限界、限 v. 約束約束 upper bound 上限上限lower bound 下限下限394. procedure n. 過程過程procedure call 過程調(diào)用過程調(diào)用5. attribute n. 屬性屬性6. linear a. 線性線性linear list 線性表線性表7. matrix n. 矩陣矩陣8. one-dimensional array 一維數(shù)組一維數(shù)組409. poly- 前綴前綴 多、復(fù)、聚多、復(fù)、聚polygon 多邊形多邊形polyline 折線折線polymorphism 多態(tài)性多態(tài)性5. o

25、rder n. 次序次序 v. 排序排序6. dot 點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)分符點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)分符 dot-matrix n. a. 點(diǎn)陣點(diǎn)陣dot-matrix printer 點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)dot pitch 點(diǎn)距點(diǎn)距7. sheet n. 表單表單8. index n. v. 索引；下標(biāo)索引；下標(biāo) 9. assignment statement 賦值語(yǔ)句賦值語(yǔ)句assignment operator 賦值操作符賦值操作符10. update 更新；修改更新；修改4.2 Typical Data Structure Stacks And Queues1. array 數(shù)組數(shù)組2. record n. v.

26、記錄記錄3. stack 棧，堆棧棧，堆棧pop 出棧出棧push 入棧，壓棧入棧，壓棧4. queue n. 隊(duì)列隊(duì)列 v. 排隊(duì)排隊(duì)5. routine 例程例程Any section of code that can be invoked ( executed ) within a program.程序內(nèi)可以調(diào)用（執(zhí)行）的任何代碼段。subroutine 子例程子例程454. physical a. 物理，實(shí)際物理，實(shí)際physical address 物理地址物理地址physical layer 物理層物理層比較比較 logical a. 邏輯邏輯 5. design v. 設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)d

27、esign cycle 設(shè)計(jì)周期設(shè)計(jì)周期All the phases involved in developing and producing new hardware or software.設(shè)計(jì)或開發(fā)新硬件或軟件所涉及的所有階段。466. general-purpose computer 通用計(jì)算機(jī)通用計(jì)算機(jī)general-purpose controller 通用控制器通用控制器general-purpose language 通用語(yǔ)言通用語(yǔ)言general-purpose register 通用寄存器通用寄存器7. special-purpose computer 專用計(jì)算機(jī)專用計(jì)算機(jī)

28、special-purpose language 專用語(yǔ)言專用語(yǔ)言special character 特殊字符特殊字符478. instruction 指令指令Most programs consist of two types of statements:declarations and instructions.大部分程序由兩種類型的語(yǔ)句組成：聲明和指令。instruction code 指令代碼指令代碼instruction set 指令集指令集9. compoment (組成組成)部分，部部分，部構(gòu)，組構(gòu)，組件件A discrete part of a larger system or

29、 structure.大系統(tǒng)或結(jié)構(gòu)中的一種可以分立的部分。4810. memory 存儲(chǔ)器，內(nèi)存存儲(chǔ)器，內(nèi)存main memory 主存主存 (primary storage)secondary memory 輔存輔存 (secondary storage)memory bank 存儲(chǔ)器插槽存儲(chǔ)器插槽memory cell 存儲(chǔ)單元存儲(chǔ)單元memory chip 存儲(chǔ)芯片存儲(chǔ)芯片11.CPU-Central Processing Unit 中央處理器中央處理器CPU cache CPU高速緩存高速緩存CPU fan CPU風(fēng)扇風(fēng)扇4912. block diagram 框圖，方塊圖框圖，方塊圖

30、bubble chart 泡形圖泡形圖flawchart 流程圖流程圖13. bus 總線總線data bus 數(shù)據(jù)總線數(shù)據(jù)總線address bus 地址總線地址總線control bus 控制總線控制總線14. configuration 配置配置 In reference to a single microcomputer, the sum of a systems internal and external components.對(duì)單個(gè)微機(jī)來(lái)講，配置指一個(gè)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部和外部的全部組件的總和。5015. computer classificationsupercomputer 巨型機(jī)巨型機(jī)m

31、ainframe 大型機(jī)大型機(jī)superminicomputer 超級(jí)小型機(jī)超級(jí)小型機(jī)minicomputer 小型機(jī)小型機(jī)workstation 工作站工作站microcomputer 微機(jī)微機(jī)PDA-Personal Digital Assistant 掌上計(jì)算機(jī)掌上計(jì)算機(jī)16. cabinet 機(jī)箱機(jī)箱5117. 8 bits=1 byte(B)kilobyte 1KB=1024Bmegabyte 1MB=1024KBgigabyte 1GB=1024MB18. transfer 傳送傳送transform 變換變換translate 翻譯翻譯transmit 發(fā)送發(fā)送The movem

32、ent of data from one location to another.將數(shù)據(jù)從一個(gè)地點(diǎn)移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)地點(diǎn)。To change the appearance or format of data without altering its content.改變數(shù)據(jù)的外部特性或格式，而不改變其內(nèi)容。To send information over a communications line or a circuit.經(jīng)過通信線路或電路發(fā)送信息。5219.significant figure 有效數(shù)字有效數(shù)字(同同significant digits)531.2 Computer Codes1

33、. capacity 容量容量2. binary a. 二進(jìn)制二進(jìn)制binary conversion 二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換binary digit 二進(jìn)制數(shù)字二進(jìn)制數(shù)字binary number 二進(jìn)制數(shù)二進(jìn)制數(shù)binary search 二分搜索二分搜索binary tree 二叉樹二叉樹Either of the two digits in the binary number system,0 and 1.在二進(jìn)制數(shù)系統(tǒng)中0和1兩個(gè)數(shù)字中的任何一個(gè)。A number expressed in binary form.一種以二進(jìn)制形式表示的數(shù)。比較比較decimal a. 十進(jìn)制十進(jìn)制 h

34、exadecimal a. 十六進(jìn)制十六進(jìn)制 octal a. 八進(jìn)制八進(jìn)制543. BCD-binary coded decimal 二進(jìn)制編碼的十進(jìn)制二進(jìn)制編碼的十進(jìn)制4. ASCII-Amercian Standard Code for Information Interchange 美國(guó)國(guó)家信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代碼美國(guó)國(guó)家信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代碼5. Internal a. 內(nèi)部?jī)?nèi)部internal command 內(nèi)部命令內(nèi)部命令internal interrupt 內(nèi)部中斷內(nèi)部中斷internal modem 內(nèi)置調(diào)制解調(diào)器內(nèi)置調(diào)制解調(diào)器比較比較external a. 外部外部6. format

35、n. 格式格式 v. 格式化格式化557. EBCDIC-Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code 十進(jìn)制交換碼十進(jìn)制交換碼8. parity 奇偶性奇偶性(檢驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn))even parity 偶檢驗(yàn)偶檢驗(yàn)odd parity 奇檢驗(yàn)奇檢驗(yàn)parity bit 奇偶奇偶(檢驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn))位位parity check 奇偶檢驗(yàn)奇偶檢驗(yàn)569. monitor 監(jiān)視器監(jiān)視器(同同CRT cathode-ray tube 陰極射線管陰極射線管)比較比較 display 顯示器顯示器The visual output device of a computer

36、,which is commonly a CRT-based video display. With portable and notebook computers, the display is usually an LCD-based or a gas plasma-based flat-panel display.計(jì)算機(jī)的可視輸出設(shè)備，通常是基于陰極射線的視頻顯示。便攜式和筆記本計(jì)算機(jī)的顯示器通常是基于液晶顯示器或基于等離子體的平板顯示器。LCD liquid crystal display 液晶顯示器The term monitor usually refers to a displa

37、y and its housing.監(jiān)視器一詞通常包括顯示器及其外殼。571.3 What is a processor1. interpret v. 解釋解釋interpreted language 解釋語(yǔ)言解釋語(yǔ)言interpreter 解釋程序解釋程序比較比較compile v. 編譯編譯2. operation 操作，運(yùn)算操作，運(yùn)算operation code 操作碼操作碼operand 操作數(shù)操作數(shù)operator 運(yùn)算符運(yùn)算符To translate a statement or instruction into executable form and then execute i

38、t.將一條語(yǔ)句或指令翻譯成可執(zhí)行的形式，然后執(zhí)行。To translate all the source code of a program from a high-level language into object code prior to execution of the program.在程序運(yùn)行前，把用高級(jí)語(yǔ)言編寫的程序源代碼翻譯成目標(biāo)代碼。58operating system 操作系統(tǒng)操作系統(tǒng)operator associativity 運(yùn)算符結(jié)合性運(yùn)算符結(jié)合性operator precedence 運(yùn)算符優(yōu)先級(jí)運(yùn)算符優(yōu)先級(jí)3. high-level language 高級(jí)語(yǔ)言高

39、級(jí)語(yǔ)言low-level language 低級(jí)語(yǔ)言低級(jí)語(yǔ)言 assembly language 匯編語(yǔ)言匯編語(yǔ)言 4. retrieve 檢索檢索 595. timer 定時(shí)器定時(shí)器time bomb 定時(shí)炸彈定時(shí)炸彈time-division multiplexing 時(shí)分多路復(fù)用時(shí)分多路復(fù)用time out ( timeout time-out ) 超時(shí)超時(shí)timesharing 分時(shí)技術(shù)分時(shí)技術(shù)6. release 釋放；發(fā)布釋放；發(fā)布To relinquish control of a block of memory, a device, or another system reso

40、urce to the operating system.放棄一塊內(nèi)存、一臺(tái)設(shè)備或另一個(gè)系統(tǒng)資源控制權(quán)，交予操作系統(tǒng)。To formally make a product available to the marketplace.正式將某一產(chǎn)品投放到市場(chǎng)。A feature often built into evaluation versions of software that renders the software unusable after a certain period of time.一種通常放在測(cè)試版的軟件中的功能部件，經(jīng)過一段是指定的時(shí)間后，它使該軟件就不可用了。607.

41、pulse 脈沖脈沖PAM pulse amplitude modulation 脈沖幅度調(diào)制脈沖幅度調(diào)制PCM pulse code modulation 脈沖編碼調(diào)制脈沖編碼調(diào)制PDM pulse duration modulation 脈沖寬度調(diào)制脈沖寬度調(diào)制8. control unit 控制器，控制單元控制器，控制單元A transient signal,usually brief and with a discrete onset and offset.一種暫態(tài)信號(hào)，通常持續(xù)時(shí)間很短，且具有陡峭的上升邊和下降邊。9. register 寄存器寄存器比較比較 registry 注冊(cè)表

42、注冊(cè)表6112. current 電流電流current directory 當(dāng)前目錄當(dāng)前目錄621.4 Memory system1. latency 等待時(shí)間等待時(shí)間The time required for a signal to travel from one point on a network to another.信號(hào)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)中一點(diǎn)傳播到另一點(diǎn)所需的時(shí)間。2. semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體半導(dǎo)體conductor 導(dǎo)體導(dǎo)體nonconductor 絕緣體絕緣體(同同 insulator)633. magnetic a. 磁磁magnetic disk 磁盤磁盤magnetic

43、 field 磁場(chǎng)磁場(chǎng)magnetic head 磁頭磁頭magnetic tape 磁帶磁帶4. hierarchical a. 分層，分級(jí)，層次分層，分級(jí)，層次hierarchical database 層次層次(型型)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)比較比較 hierarchy n. 分層分層分級(jí)分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)645. cache 高速緩沖區(qū)高速緩沖區(qū)cache memory 高速緩沖存儲(chǔ)器高速緩沖存儲(chǔ)器A special memory subsystem in which frequently used data values are duplicated for quick access. 一種專用的內(nèi)存

44、子系統(tǒng)，其中存放著那些被頻繁使用的數(shù)據(jù)以便于快速訪問。6. bandwidth 帶寬帶寬The difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that an analog communications system can pass.模擬通信系統(tǒng)可以通過的最高頻率和最低頻率之差。657. virtual a. 虛擬虛擬VM virtual memory 虛擬存儲(chǔ)器虛擬存儲(chǔ)器virtual address 虛地址虛地址virtual hosting 虛擬主機(jī)虛擬主機(jī)virtual reality 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)8. referenc

45、e n. 引用引用To access a variable, such as an element in an array or a field in a record.訪問一個(gè)變量，諸如數(shù)組中的一個(gè)元素或記錄中的一個(gè)字段。669. interface 接口接口interface adapter 接口適配器接口適配器比較比較 interference 干擾干擾10. page 頁(yè)頁(yè)page frame 頁(yè)幀頁(yè)幀page setup 頁(yè)面設(shè)置頁(yè)面設(shè)置A fixed-size block of memory.內(nèi)存中的一種固定長(zhǎng)度的塊。6711. DRAM 動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)RAMdynamic RAM比較比

46、較 static RAM 靜態(tài)靜態(tài)RAM12. allocation (資源資源)分配分配比較比較 location 存儲(chǔ)單元存儲(chǔ)單元 In operating systems, the process of reserving memory for use by a program. 在操作系統(tǒng)中，為某個(gè)程序保留內(nèi)存以供使用的做法。6813. equation 等式等式expansion slot 擴(kuò)展槽擴(kuò)展槽A mathematical statement that indicates equality with the use of an equal sign (=) between t

47、wo expressions. 一種用等號(hào)(=)連接兩個(gè)表達(dá)式以表示它們相等的數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)句。14. block 塊；內(nèi)存塊塊；內(nèi)存塊15. slot 槽槽6916. delay 延遲延遲比較比較 ROM- read only memory 只讀存儲(chǔ)器只讀存儲(chǔ)器EEPROM-electrically erasable programmable ROM 電可擦可編程電可擦可編程ROMEPROM- erasable programmable ROM 可可 擦可編程擦可編程ROMPROM - programmable ROM 可編程可編程ROM17. RAM - random access memory

48、隨機(jī)隨機(jī)(存取存取)存儲(chǔ)器存儲(chǔ)器70Types of integrated circuit SSI: small-scale intrgration 小規(guī)模集成小規(guī)模集成MSI: medium-scale intrgration 中規(guī)模集成中規(guī)模集成LSI: large-scale intrgration 大規(guī)模集成大規(guī)模集成VLSI: very-large-scale intrgration 極大規(guī)模集成極大規(guī)模集成ULSI: ultra-large-scale intrgration 超大規(guī)模集超大規(guī)模集成成18. chip 芯片芯片比較比較 integrated circuit 集成電路

49、集成電路7119. sequence 序列序列sequential access 順序存取法順序存取法sequential execution 順序執(zhí)行順序執(zhí)行sequential search 順序查找順序查找20. hardwired 硬連線硬連線Built into a system using hardware such as logic circuits, rather than accomplished through programming. 指使用像邏輯電路這樣的硬件而不是通過軟件編程的方式建立一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的特性。72Hard disk 硬盤硬盤Hard return 硬回車硬回車

50、Hardware 硬件硬件比較比較 soft 軟軟21. ROM BIOS 存于存于ROM的基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)的基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)On PC-compatible computers, the set of essential software routines that tests hardware at startup,starts the operating system, and supports the transfer of data among hardware devices.在PC兼容計(jì)算機(jī)上的一組基本軟件例程，這些程序在計(jì)算機(jī)開機(jī)時(shí)測(cè)試硬件，啟動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)，支持硬件設(shè)備之間的數(shù)據(jù)

51、傳輸。7322. boot n. v. 引導(dǎo)，啟動(dòng)引導(dǎo)，啟動(dòng) ( = boot up) bootable disk 引導(dǎo)盤引導(dǎo)盤boot failure 引導(dǎo)失敗引導(dǎo)失敗23. optical disk 光碟光碟盤盤 (同同 compact disk)optical drive 光驅(qū)光驅(qū) optical fiber 光纖光纖optical scanner 光學(xué)掃描儀光學(xué)掃描儀7424. laser 激光器激光器 (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation )Laser printer 激光打印機(jī)激光打印機(jī)Laser stor

52、age 激光存儲(chǔ)激光存儲(chǔ)25. WORM 一些多讀光碟一些多讀光碟盤盤 (write once read many)比較比較 worm 蠕蟲蠕蟲(病毒程序病毒程序)26. erase 擦除擦除To remove data permanently from a storage medium.從存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)中將數(shù)據(jù)永久消除。1.5 input/output system751. source 信息源source code 源代碼source program 源程序source statement 源代碼語(yǔ)句2. destination 目的3. volume 卷；音量A disk or tape th

53、at stores computer data.存儲(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)的一張磁盤或一卷磁帶。The loudness of an audio signal. 聲音信號(hào)的響度。764. intermediate language 中間語(yǔ)言A computer language used as an intermediate step between the original source language,usually a high-level language, and the target language,usually machine code.一種計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，介于初始的源語(yǔ)言(通常是高級(jí)語(yǔ)言

54、)和目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言(通常是機(jī)器代碼)。5. matching 匹配(法)6. keyboard 鍵盤keyboard buffer 鍵盤緩沖區(qū)keyboard shortcut 鍵盤快捷鍵keycap 鍵帽777. modem 調(diào)制解調(diào)器 (modulator/demodulator)modulation 調(diào)制demodulation 解調(diào)8. synchronize v. 同步synchronization n. 同步synchronous a. 同步的9. sink 接收器A device or part of a device that receives something from anot

55、her device.從其他裝置接收數(shù)據(jù)的設(shè)備或部分設(shè)備。7810. buffer n. 緩沖區(qū)，緩沖器 v. 緩沖11. terminate v. 終止比較 terminal n. 終端12. coprocessor 協(xié)處理器13. accumulator 累加器14. peripheral n. 外(圍)設(shè)(備)15. map v. 映射 n. 映像、映射16. pattern 模式pattern recognition 模式識(shí)別7917. argument 參數(shù)，變?cè)?，自變量比較 parameter 參數(shù) pass by address 按地址傳遞 pass by value 按值傳遞1

56、8. coherence n. 同調(diào)，一致性，相干性19. DMA direct memory access 直接存儲(chǔ)器存取20. interactive a. 交互interactive fiction 交互式故事interactive session 交互式會(huì)話interactive voice system 交互式語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)A type of computer game in which the user participates in a story by giving commands to the system.一種計(jì)算機(jī)游戲，在游戲中用戶通過對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)發(fā)出命令的方式參與到某個(gè)故事

57、中。8021. capture v. 捕獲22. response time 響應(yīng)時(shí)間23. mouse 鼠標(biāo)(器) relative pointing device 相對(duì)定位設(shè)備 如 trackball 跟蹤球bus mouse 總線鼠標(biāo)器mechanical mouse 機(jī)械鼠標(biāo)器optical mouse 光鼠標(biāo)器optomechanical mouse 光機(jī)械鼠標(biāo)器serial mouse 串行鼠標(biāo)器81mouse pad 鼠標(biāo)墊mouse port 鼠標(biāo)端口mouse sensitivity 鼠標(biāo)靈敏度mouse trails 鼠標(biāo)蹤跡24. cursor 光標(biāo)cursor blin

58、k speed 閃爍速度25. touch screen 觸摸屏82graphics tablet 圖形輸入板graphics printer 圖形打印機(jī)graphics processor 圖形處理器graphics interface 圖形界面27. light pen 光筆light emitting diode 發(fā)光二極管light source 光源lightwave system 光波系統(tǒng)26. graphic a. 圖的，圖形的 83digitizing tablet 數(shù)字化儀29. accuracy n. 準(zhǔn)精確度性比較 precision 精密度28. digitize v. 數(shù)字化The degree to which the result of a calculation or measurement approximates the true value.計(jì)算或測(cè)量的結(jié)構(gòu)與真實(shí)值相近的程度。The extent of detail used in expressing a numbe