GRE高頻Issue題庫(kù)提綱

1、二十六次Issue13/46/70/102/112 (Old4+94) 教育(3)46. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of study.大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求每個(gè)學(xué)生選修自己專業(yè)以外的各種學(xué)科。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your rea

2、soning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position. 1every subject does not exist independently對(duì)學(xué)好本學(xué)科有說(shuō)明，因?yàn)橹R(shí)在邏輯體系上是互通

3、的，各個(gè)學(xué)科之間的相互交織。研究經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的適當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)有利于對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的更深理解，如 philosophy is the foundation of all subject達(dá)芬奇 Da Vinci 即是科學(xué)家也是藝術(shù)家，他對(duì)人體解剖 anatomy 的深入了解，才使得他的油畫十分優(yōu)美，傳神。 Since various disciplines were interrelated, the study of courses outside the students own field may benefit the study of their own major.如：力學(xué)中的理論可用于美術(shù)；如

4、：公共行政學(xué)生需要了解心理學(xué)、管理學(xué)、政治學(xué)的發(fā)展 2 在全球化進(jìn)程的今天，只學(xué)習(xí)某個(gè)專業(yè)內(nèi)的知識(shí)已經(jīng)不能滿足需要了 In todays technologically advanced society it is impossible for those who focus their attention on the concerning fields to satisfy the needs for the future society. 首先，廣泛的學(xué)習(xí)各種知識(shí)能夠拓寬視野。(broaden our vision | cultivate full-blown market of ide

5、as | a broad spectrum of opinions | get closer to the truth | come to the best judgment.) True education amounts to far more than gaining the knowledge and ability to excel in ones major course of study and in ones professional career.其次，可以讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)她真正感興趣的研究方向。By exploring subjects outside their own maj

6、or, students may find new academic fields where lie their real interest and potential gift.3過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)其他學(xué)科的重要性可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生忽視主要知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí) 3、但是，不能放棄對(duì)主要科目的深入研究，這也是高校設(shè)置 major 的目的所在，淺嘗輒止be satisfied with a smattering of knowledge對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)都無(wú)裨益； unduly emphasize the importance of studying the course outsider may lead the s

7、tudents neglecting the knowledge of certain fields of study, and thereby have no capability to engage any realm of employment or research work. On the other hand, compel student to place most of the attentions on the professional fields also may falls into another extreme and eventually make the stu

8、dents impossible to catch up with the development of the science and technology 4、總結(jié)，在保證深入學(xué)習(xí)鉆研專業(yè)的前提下，擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面，才能獲得真正的教育 二十二次Issue 28/85/94/113/120/121/127/145/147 (Old170)社會(huì)(1)28.The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by

9、the general welfare of its people.一個(gè)國(guó)家的偉大體現(xiàn)在國(guó)民的安樂(lè)上，而不是體現(xiàn)在統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家或科學(xué)家的成就上。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in wh

10、ich the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.1、肯定偉大國(guó)家的第一要素是人民生活好福利好 the overriding imperative of any democratic state is to enhance the general welfare of its citizenry Great nation 的定義，prosperous in economy, democratic in politics , affluen

11、ce in cultures. The welfare of the people, including the living conditions, the social security system and the charity of developed country is 人民生活都保障不了的國(guó)家絕對(duì)不偉大，即使 elite 有成就也毫無(wú)意義 For example, India .we have to admit that it is fast development of India during the past century and even it has owning

12、nuclear weapon . However, focusing on high technology and weapon does not ameliorate the situation that much Indians are still living in the lowest level of society. And The peace is still a dream in this country because of divergence between people in religion and nation. India can not be called a

13、great nation.2、 社會(huì)繁榮 社會(huì)整體的成功統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家的成就也是偉大國(guó)家的重要因素 (a) Scientific and technological achievements serve in the first place to enhance a nations general welfare.(Advance in medical treatment, transportation, communication, etc)(b) Artistic achievements could not be neglected, though. They help to m

14、ake a nation a better place to reside. (Provide inspiration, life peoples spirit and bring about creativity and imagination, all of which spur us to make more accomplishments.)(c)The military and diplomatic accomplishment of its leaders could neither be ignored in the general welfare of a nation. (T

15、he War of Independence)偉大國(guó)家中的統(tǒng)治者、藝術(shù)家、科學(xué)家要為人民謀福利 For the rulers or the politicians, they should improve peoples living standards, safeguard the nations integrity and peoples safety, in a word, they should make their nation more stable, peace, and prosperous; With respect to artists, they should exert

16、 their creativity and imagination to make more classic artworks in order to reflect the inner connotations and impulse of a society and ultimately improve peoples spiritual life and bring with them entertainment; When it comes to scientists, what they should is to make the research results conduce t

17、o peoples study, life, and work while avoid the potential negative impacts their research may produce.Issue 16/50/86/114/115 (Old54) 歷史(8)86. Some people believe that government officials must carry out the will of the people they serve. Others believe that officials should base their decisions on t

18、heir own judgment.有些人認(rèn)為政府官員應(yīng)該遵從大眾的意愿。也有人認(rèn)為政府官員依靠自己的判斷做決定。Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.1、不能盲目

19、的堅(jiān)持，如果我們堅(jiān)持的東西是錯(cuò)誤的話，否則必將走向失?。蝗纾合Ｌ乩?Blind adherence indicates nothing but ignorance and imprecise, which is a sign of foolish stubbornness:(a) Cause self-complacence which leads to the neglect of ones defects.(b) If everyone sticks to his or her beliefs, that would cause the conflicts in our daily lif

20、e.The most egregious example to illustrate this point involves Hitler, whose belief that the Jews presented potential harm to him and his countrymen was completely ridiculous and fantastic, which ultimately resulted in the tragic mass persecution and even genocide.2、有時(shí)，為了成功我們也需要暫時(shí)的妥協(xié)；如臥薪嘗膽的故事，就是在力量弱

21、的時(shí)候妥協(xié)爭(zhēng)取生存和發(fā)展的機(jī)會(huì)，以期待日后的崛起Long march of Chinese armyChinese great leader-Xiaoping Deng are famous for not only great contribution to the founding of Peoples Republic of china but also his unprecedented stratagem of reform. His theory of reform is based on the objective observation of the developing tr

22、end on the whole world and the masses will of and obvious efficiency upon the situation of china.3、堅(jiān)持信念可以走向成功Only through firm adherence to some of ones beliefs could one make unique accomplishments, especially when you are only one step away from the truth, compromise means total failure. (Martin L

23、uther King, The independence of America, Copernicus)Mary Curie adhere to her belief; Beethoven; heron Keller Marie Curies belief-there must be some new matter with the feature of radioactive concealing in the industrial wastes-had enabled her to work arduously and tenaciously, and eventually given b

24、irth to the discovery of Radium, which wan Marie Curie the Nobel Prize and meanwhile contributed significantly to the progress of medical science.3. Blind compromise is also detrimental:(a) Concerning the decent interests of a country(b) The loyalty to truth and the respect for individual self as we

25、ll as the society. 通常政治家是the outstanding individuals in the society.如：Roosevelt 在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時(shí)能及時(shí)挽救美國(guó) 不能保證政治家做出的決策總是對(duì)的。A理論上說(shuō)，他們可能為了自己的私利。 B實(shí)際上說(shuō)，歷史上有很多例子，關(guān)于政治家作了錯(cuò)誤決策的。The cultural revolution 不能忽視普通人群的判斷力和決策，尤其在一個(gè)民主國(guó)家,因?yàn)檎渭伊私獾降那闆r可能不那么真實(shí)，而the public 才是真正的利益相關(guān)主體The political issues are highly professional and r

26、equires expertise to tackle, political leaders should rely on their judgmentPolitical leaders, on general assumption, should be well-trained to handle highly professional issuesGeneral public, on the other hand, can only follow rather than leadIn democratic nation, and to ensure no bias or political

27、 discriminations soil the basic interest of the general public, the voice of the people should be taken into considerationConstitutionally legitimate for people to participate political affairs and defend their own rights十八次Issue59新增 科技(20)59. Scientists and other researchers should focus their rese

28、arch on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people.科學(xué)家和科研人員應(yīng)該研究更容易造福大眾的領(lǐng)域。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, desc

29、ribe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.當(dāng)確定一些領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)先權(quán)時(shí)，比如科學(xué)、教育等，最需要考慮的問(wèn)題是：有多少人會(huì)從中獲益?Partly agree1. 能夠解決現(xiàn)在最 urgent 社會(huì)問(wèn)題科理所當(dāng)然的應(yīng)該給予優(yōu)先權(quán)。如：通信，經(jīng)濟(jì)，商科，法律、醫(yī)學(xué)。A哪些人會(huì)受益。B 實(shí)際證明這些學(xué)科也是最興旺發(fā)達(dá)的。最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生通常都去了這些地方

30、。 醫(yī)學(xué)、生物研究，對(duì)治病的作用；農(nóng)學(xué)研究對(duì)基本生活需要的滿足；工程研究對(duì)建設(shè)的作用2. 有一些看起來(lái)沒什么用的長(zhǎng)期看會(huì)很有用。哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史、數(shù)學(xué)、物理（其它科的基礎(chǔ)）。 一些科學(xué)不要反對(duì)3. 在研究成果沒有出來(lái)之前，我們很難判斷哪些是能給最多人帶來(lái)利益的。因此，讓其平衡發(fā)展。按照經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，那些已經(jīng)興旺發(fā)達(dá)的學(xué)科，政府不需給予太多關(guān)注，否則幾年后供大于求；而那些現(xiàn)在默默無(wú)聞的學(xué)科今后可能是很有用的學(xué)科，需要給予扶持。一些已經(jīng)很好的學(xué)科或許 不能太過(guò)于投入，而一些不是很發(fā)達(dá)的則需要大力支持。I agree insofar as areas of research certain to r

31、esult in immediate and significant benefits for society should continue to be a priority. Yet, strictly followed, the speakers recommendation would have a harmful chilling effect on research and new knowledge.1. Admittedly, scientific research whose societal benefits are immediate, predictable, and

32、profound should continue to be a high priority.2. However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given lower priority. First of all, if we strictly follow the speakers suggestion, who would decide which areas of research are more worthwhile than others

33、? Researchers cannot be left to decide.3. Secondly, to compel all researchers to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents. 4. Thirdly, it is difficult to predict which research avenues will ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society.十三次Issue12/25 (

34、old53) 教育(13)12. Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.對(duì)任何被大學(xué)錄取但無(wú)法承擔(dān)學(xué)費(fèi)的學(xué)生，政府應(yīng)該為他們提供免費(fèi)大學(xué)教育。Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position y

35、ou take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.(1) College and university attracts the students with its incomparable advantages:教育的重要性(a) Peerless faculties and adva

36、nced facilities(b) Atmosphere for studying(2) Due to its high tuition, many talented, earnest and industrious students could not afford it and thus may be deprived of the opportunity to study in college and university. Thus some people propose the above suggestion. However, it is impracticable and i

37、rrational:(a) Too ponderous a burden on the finance of government.(b) The quality of education could no longer be assured(c) The students might lose the impetus to study as diligent as they do at the time.(3) Other auxiliary projects could help to solve the problems:(a) Scholarship, stipend, interes

38、t-free loan.City and country library, and correspondence course.Issue 19(old3)(40)It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations.與其花錢進(jìn)行可能有助于后代的長(zhǎng)期性研究，還不如把錢花在迫在眉睫，已經(jīng)存在的社會(huì)問(wèn)題上。花錢解決現(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題很合理，特別是很緊急的問(wèn)題

39、。如：Tsunami有些問(wèn)題不是現(xiàn)在就能解決的。需要長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的規(guī)劃。貧困問(wèn)題、犯罪問(wèn)題，有關(guān)human nature的問(wèn)題從歷史上看從來(lái)沒有真正得到解決過(guò)。我們對(duì)未來(lái)負(fù)有責(zé)任。 A一方面，我們的行為造成了他們的損失。能源上，環(huán)境上。B從道德上說(shuō)，人與動(dòng)物的區(qū)別在于我們會(huì)感情上認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)后代負(fù)責(zé)。When we enjoy the fruits of industrialization and democracy, we are, on the other side, confronted with social problems brought by as another consequence o

40、f this process.Firstly, immediate, existing social problems that baffled us deeply need to be resolved as quickly as possible so to restore a sound society and improve its healthy development. However, many present social problems cannot be resolved immediately as we hoped. Furthermore, neglecting l

41、ong-term researches that may help future generations, overemphasizing to focus on the present problems, may result in incomplete resolution to these social problems, which can merely be an expedience rather than a resolution. Issue31/63/67(Old121+242) 行為(10)63.There is little justification for socie

42、ty to make extraordinary effortsespecially at a great cost in money and jobsto save endangered animal or plant species.特別是考慮到花費(fèi)代價(jià)和精力，對(duì)于任何社會(huì)，投入巨大的努力拯救瀕危的動(dòng)植物是不合理的。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the posit

43、ion you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Position: disagree.1 誠(chéng)然，過(guò)去很多的動(dòng)物都是因?yàn)樽陨聿荒軌蜻m應(yīng)自然條件或者競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法則而滅絕的。The first is essentially the Darwinian argument tha

44、t extinction results from the inexorable process of so-called “natural selection” in which stronger species survive while weaker ones do not. 然而，professional agency of species protection公布的數(shù)據(jù)表明，目前動(dòng)物因?yàn)槿祟悳缃^的數(shù)量是自然滅絕的 100 倍。人類對(duì)環(huán)境的污染導(dǎo)致很多生物不能夠適應(yīng)劇變的環(huán)境而滅亡；人類的大量開發(fā)土地和 deforest 導(dǎo)致生物的生存空間越來(lái)越小。人類正在成為 leading kil

45、ler，所以，我們有責(zé)任去保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。 我們有責(zé)任去保護(hù)那些因我們而身陷危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物和植物，它們也是地球的一員。沒有了它們，我們將會(huì)變得很孤單。我希望，未來(lái)的孩子們問(wèn)起大熊貓長(zhǎng)什么樣的時(shí)候，我們可以帶他們到動(dòng)物園去看而不是僅僅在電視或書本上。2 保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物對(duì)我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有好處。一方面，保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物就是保護(hù)生態(tài)平衡，比如在一個(gè)小島上，如果某種鳥類滅絕了，那么田鼠之類的動(dòng)物就沒有了天敵，他們的過(guò)度繁殖會(huì)大量破壞植被，造成生態(tài)系統(tǒng)紊亂；另一方面，保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物可以保持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)多樣性，對(duì)我們的科研很有有幫助，科學(xué)家可以采集動(dòng)物的基因進(jìn)行研究，從而找出它們進(jìn)化上的弱

46、點(diǎn)，從而為我們?nèi)祟惡推渌麆?dòng)物提供數(shù)據(jù)。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物.It is time for human beings to now. 如果我們現(xiàn)在去保護(hù)那些瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物，可以積累大量關(guān)于治理環(huán)境污染和保護(hù)動(dòng)物的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從而用來(lái)保護(hù)那些目前沒有瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物。等到地球上的動(dòng)物越來(lái)越少的時(shí)候就來(lái)不及了。我們現(xiàn)在幫助大熊貓配種繁殖，產(chǎn)下更多后代，未來(lái)就可以防止更多的物種因?yàn)樯硢?wèn)題而滅絕；通過(guò)研究亞馬遜森林的物種減少問(wèn)題，我們可以知道酸雨和砍伐造成的，我們就可以采取相應(yīng)的措施去減少這種損失，以避免更多的生物瀕臨滅絕。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)是寶貴的，他們可以幫助我們避免悲劇發(fā)生在其他生物的身

47、上。我們的行動(dòng)越早，悲劇就越少。 3、一個(gè)國(guó)家的人類財(cái)力是有限的，不能一味的全用來(lái)保護(hù)瀕危物種。保護(hù)瀕危物種與社會(huì)的進(jìn)步，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該對(duì)立。人類不能違背自然規(guī)律 antagonize the nature and cannot betray the rules of universe Issue104/107(Old43)政治(9)104. To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.想成為一名有效力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)則，政府官員必須堅(jiān)守最高的倫理和

48、道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.Position：partly agree1、(+)官員，who 對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)為人民服務(wù)，應(yīng)該

49、保持高的道德和倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。作為公眾人物，自然就應(yīng)該受更多的限制，比如不能隨便說(shuō)臟話，要注意自己的行為舉止等等。不道德的官員是不可能有很長(zhǎng)的政治生涯的2、(+)不遵守political morality的政治家無(wú)法成功地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，最終forfeit leadership，be doomed to failureHitler, NixonTake Richard Nixon for example, his abuse of power irritated the masses, as a result, he became the first president who was impeached i

50、n his tenure. Another example comes from Bill Clinton who was investigated for his sexual scandals. Although he was not impeached at last, his dignity and reputation was damaged as a result. Apparently, a public official with low ethic and moral standards lose his public basis which is one of the ke

51、y factors to be a leader.3.(-)In the business realm, successful leadership is generally defined as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firms shareholders or other owners.also society BILL GATE LIKAI-SHING 三菱an effective leader。we should not equate moral behavior in politics wit

52、h the simple notions of honesty and putting the other fellows needs ahead of ones own-or other ways that we typically measure the morality of an individuals private behavior.一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者還應(yīng)該具備其它方面的特征（special knowledge, insight, management ability, creativity and so forth可以舉Bill Gates 創(chuàng)造微軟神話的例子）Moreover，只

53、具有倫理和道德修養(yǎng)對(duì)于一個(gè)有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者來(lái)說(shuō)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，協(xié)調(diào)能力，處理危機(jī)的能力更重要 。政治和道德不能混為一談?dòng)械赖碌恼问抢硐牖痠daelization的現(xiàn)實(shí)中的道德政治是為了更好的獲得利益最大化道德需要法律予以確認(rèn)An effective leader should maintain highest moral standardsA political system built on morality and trustworthiness is cost-effectiveSociety as a whole progress to the ideal directionTh

54、e leader, as a person, cannot be trusted to exercise highest moral standardsA impersonal system is a must to reassure that the best part of a humans heart is well-protected and encouragedPolitics, as a ground famous for its muddiness and chaos, is not the field to only emphasize on moralityThe essen

55、ce of politics is nothing about the struggle for power and balance of interestPolitical craftsmanship is also needed to survive 十一次Issue73(old50) 教育(24)73. Colleges and universities should require all faculty to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses the

56、y teach.學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該要求所有的教員拿出時(shí)間，參與學(xué)術(shù)界以外與教學(xué)科目相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域工作。Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how the

57、se consequences shape your position.(1) Advantages:(a) Better understanding of the courses: practice is the only test of theory.(b) 世界發(fā)展速度太快To keep pace with the quick development, while the knowledge in the books somewhat lags behind.fresh insights and contagious excitement about the issue at hand.

58、 (c) experience in the field can help a professor ferret out cutting-edge and controversial issues(d) Better perception of the requirement of the society.(e) Better help the children prepare for the society.幫助學(xué)生更了解書本知識(shí)實(shí)際的應(yīng)用(2) Problems that deserve attention:(a) Some influence on the teaching process.(b) The main time and energy should still be on the education.(c) However, the teachers in some disci