獨立主格結構和with復合結構復習[課件]

1、一獨立主格結構一獨立主格結構1.概念概念: 充當狀語充當狀語 在句中可以表示時間、原因在句中可以表示時間、原因 條件、方式或伴隨情況等條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結構結構: 名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + 非謂語（非謂語（doing & to do & done） 形容詞形容詞&副詞副詞 介詞短語介詞短語 。形容詞形容詞&副詞副詞&介詞短語介詞短語&狀語從句狀語從句非謂語動詞非謂語動詞邏輯主語邏輯主語Taking your age into consideration,Youd better not go hiking.Your age taken into consideration,youd be

2、tter not go hiking. (邏主you)(邏主your age)（邏輯主語與整句的主語相同）（邏輯主語與整句的主語相同）() 名詞名詞/代詞代詞+分詞分詞(過去分詞過去分詞done & 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing) 當分詞作狀語時當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主其邏輯主語與句子的主 語不一致時語不一致時,分詞應有自己的邏輯主語分詞應有自己的邏輯主語, 構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首,也也 可放在句尾可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。常放在句首。 1._, they left the meeting room.（問題解決了）（問

3、題解決了）（settle） 2._ ,well go there on foot. (時間允許的話時間允許的話)(permit) (cross)3.He was lying on the grass,(他的手交叉在頭下他的手交叉在頭下) _This problem settledTime permittinghis hands crossed under his head.l()名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + (being) 形容詞形容詞_,he had to stay home to look after her.(他媽媽生病了他媽媽生病了)2. He entered the house,(他的鼻子

4、凍得他的鼻子凍得通紅通紅) _（red）()名詞代詞（名詞代詞（being) 副詞副詞 He put on his socks，_. （反的一面在外面）（反的一面在外面）(out)(out)His mother (being) illhis nose red with cold.wrong side out()名詞代詞不定式名詞代詞不定式1.I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. (2005湖南湖南) A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed.2._ (最后一個人的

5、到來)，our party started.（arrive） The last guest to arrive（）名詞代詞介詞短語名詞代詞介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣不用冠詞。不用冠詞。1.Our teacher came into the classroom, _.(手上一本書手上一本書)2._ the soldier rushed to the top of the mountain.(肩上一面旗幟）肩上一面旗幟）book in handbook in handFla

6、g on shoulderFlag on shoulder()有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅 在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語 的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being 或或having been，這是為了簡練，這是為了簡練。但在但在“being+過去分詞過去分詞”或或“there being過去分詞過去分詞”結構中，結構中，being不可省不可省。1._, he went to school.(早餐結束后早餐結束后)（over）2._, we cant go there. (房間正在被油漆房間正在被油

7、漆) Breakfast (being) overBreakfast (being) overThe room being painted nowThe room being painted now二二With和和without復合結構復合結構with和和without復合結構是復合結構是:with/without名詞代詞分名詞代詞分詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。定語。（）with/without名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。 I c

8、ouldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名詞代詞名詞代詞+ 過去分詞。過去分詞。用過去用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。 In the read-room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to

9、fix () with/without名詞代詞不定式。名詞代詞不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。 With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled ()with/without名詞代詞形容詞。名詞代詞形容詞。 She sleeps with the window open.() with/without+名詞代詞副詞。名詞代詞副詞。 _

10、production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名詞代詞介詞短語。名詞代詞介詞短語。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. 三三with和和without復合結構復合結構 與獨立主格結構的轉化與獨立主格結構的轉化（） with和和without復合結構與獨立主格結構在句

11、復合結構與獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。句或并列句。（）作時間狀語（）作時間狀語 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. （）作原因

12、狀語（）作原因狀語 With the key lost, she could not enter the room. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作條件狀語作條件狀語 With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits,

13、well visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語 Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month. () with和和without復合結構可以作復合結構可

14、以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。 Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom. =Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.1._ ten minutes _ before the last train left, we arrived at the station. A. There were;

15、to go B. With; to go C. I was; left D. It had; left2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars3._ the lights off, we could not go on with the work. A. Until B. As C. With D. Because鞏固練習鞏固

16、練習4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand

17、D. Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; trembled D. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.

18、Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having beenWell Well done!done! 非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形

19、式后，做題時可分四步分析。 一、分析句子結構1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left

20、, and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. TurnedCAACC 二、分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1. _no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being2. _Sunday， I sh

21、all have a quiet day at home . AD 三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See3. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .4. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung the

22、m up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed ABCD 四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。1. The building _now will be a restaurant .2. The building _next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D.

23、builtCBD看看獨立主格結構和其他句式的結合 1.He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. which D. who 【陷阱】容易誤選 A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動詞 invited 并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當然，假若在 invited 前加上助動詞 were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應選A (2) They put forward a lot of plans a

24、t the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that(4) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. whichB. themC. whatD. thatBAB On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. that 【陷