完形填空教案 四2

1、命題規(guī)律與解題技巧命題規(guī)律與解題技巧礪青中學(xué) 鄭佩儀“完形填空完形填空”選項(xiàng)對(duì)照表選項(xiàng)對(duì)照表(2008 2010年）年）設(shè)空特點(diǎn)設(shè)空特點(diǎn)v1. 設(shè)空以設(shè)空以實(shí)詞實(shí)詞為主，為主，虛詞虛詞為輔；為輔；單詞單詞為主，為主，短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)為輔。為輔。v2.注重在注重在語(yǔ)境中考查詞義語(yǔ)境中考查詞義 ,“強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際用，注重交際”的命題原則。的命題原則。v 設(shè)空的層次設(shè)空的層次v（1）句子層次（）句子層次（點(diǎn)點(diǎn)）；）；v（2）句組層次（）句組層次（線線）；）；v（3）語(yǔ)篇層次（）語(yǔ)篇層次（面面）。）。v設(shè)空分為三類：設(shè)空分為三類：v（1）前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空；v（2）后制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空；v（3）語(yǔ)

2、篇性設(shè)空語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空。前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空v（08全國(guó)一卷）v After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 , I

3、still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盤)。 Before I knew it, the 41 was full of people. I moved slowly, 42 every step. v41. A. kitchen B. street C. restaurant D. table后制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空v The years have passed, and Im not a little girl any more. Mom is in her seventies, and those hands I once 25

4、 to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family.Now, Mom no longer has Dad and lives 26 . One night on Thanksgiving Eve, I found myself 27 to her house to spend the night with her. As I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly ran across my face to 28 the hair from my

5、 forehead. Then a 29 , ever so gently , touched my forehead. I burst into tears.In my memory, thousands of times, I 30 the night my young voice complained. 25AexpectedBchangedCremindedDcomplained語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空 v Night after night, my mother came to my bed, even long after my childhood years. She would 1

6、6 down and push my long hair out of the way, and then kiss my forehead. I dont remember when it first started 17 meher hands pushing my hair that way, for they felt rough 18 my young skin. Finally , one night, I shouted out at her, “Dont do that any more-your hands are too rough!” she made no 19 and

7、 left quietly. But never again did my mother do it with that familiar expression of her 20 . 20APity BSadness Capology Dlovev綜上所述，綜上所述，完形填空題有三個(gè)完形填空題有三個(gè)難點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：v一是一是4個(gè)備選項(xiàng)有很強(qiáng)的個(gè)備選項(xiàng)有很強(qiáng)的迷惑性和干擾性迷惑性和干擾性；v二是二是句組層次句組層次和和語(yǔ)篇層次語(yǔ)篇層次設(shè)空所占的比例設(shè)空所占的比例高，超過三分之二，尤其是語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空所高，超過三分之二，尤其是語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空所占的比例超過三分之一；占的比例超過三分之一；v三是后制性設(shè)空，尤其是

8、語(yǔ)篇層次后制性三是后制性設(shè)空，尤其是語(yǔ)篇層次后制性設(shè)空，難度大。有時(shí)考題的第一空，其設(shè)空，難度大。有時(shí)考題的第一空，其答答案提示一直到倒數(shù)第二段和篇末才出現(xiàn)案提示一直到倒數(shù)第二段和篇末才出現(xiàn)。完形填空題解題345原則3個(gè)把握 4處著眼 5個(gè)技巧3 3個(gè)把握，總攬全局個(gè)把握，總攬全局1 1把握四個(gè)統(tǒng)一把握四個(gè)統(tǒng)一單句單句理解和理解和語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)篇理解的統(tǒng)一理解的統(tǒng)一 ， 語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)言形式形式和和內(nèi)容內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一，的統(tǒng)一，語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)言知識(shí)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言和語(yǔ)言能力能力的統(tǒng)一，的統(tǒng)一，快速快速閱讀閱讀與準(zhǔn)確與準(zhǔn)確判斷判斷的統(tǒng)一。的統(tǒng)一。2 2把握文體特點(diǎn)把握文體特點(diǎn)不同文體，不同特點(diǎn)。不同文體，不同特點(diǎn)。 3 3

9、把握合把握合“情情”合合“理理” 合合“情情”，即，即符合上下文語(yǔ)境符合上下文語(yǔ)境； 合合“理理”，即，即符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。4 4處著眼，抓住關(guān)鍵處著眼，抓住關(guān)鍵抓抓“首首” 抓住首句，預(yù)測(cè)全文抓住首句，預(yù)測(cè)全文。2. 找找“眼眼” “題眼題眼” 就是那些就是那些原句中出現(xiàn)的并對(duì)解題起重要暗原句中出現(xiàn)的并對(duì)解題起重要暗示作用的關(guān)鍵詞示作用的關(guān)鍵詞3. 跳跳“身身” 避難就易，先易后難。避難就易，先易后難。4. 掃掃“尾尾” 解題之后，復(fù)讀全文，掃清殘敵解題之后，復(fù)讀全文，掃清殘敵。5個(gè)技巧，細(xì)節(jié)取勝個(gè)技巧，細(xì)節(jié)取勝1 1前后呼應(yīng)法前后呼應(yīng)法確立確立“雙語(yǔ)境雙語(yǔ)境”基準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)判斷做題，即判

10、斷做題，即大語(yǔ)境大語(yǔ)境全文中心和基調(diào)全文中心和基調(diào)；小語(yǔ)境小語(yǔ)境空格前后的語(yǔ)意環(huán)境空格前后的語(yǔ)意環(huán)境；再遵循再遵循前有伏筆，后有呼應(yīng)前有伏筆，后有呼應(yīng)的思路去做題的思路去做題。vI dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along. v But I never really lik

11、ed being on the water, the way my father did. v22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D.lovehe loved to fishvBut I never really liked being on thewater, the way my father did.2邏輯分析法（邏輯分析法（but轉(zhuǎn)折法和轉(zhuǎn)折法和并列結(jié)并列結(jié)構(gòu)法）構(gòu)法）vSometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student

12、might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “Oh, no, its _37_.” v37A. fine B. strange v C. terrible D. funny ButvBut轉(zhuǎn)折法轉(zhuǎn)折法v文段一出現(xiàn)文段一出現(xiàn)“but”，即可確定前后語(yǔ)意有轉(zhuǎn)折。，即可確定前后語(yǔ)意有轉(zhuǎn)折。只要知其一方的語(yǔ)意，就能反推出另一方意只要知其一方的語(yǔ)意，就能反推出另一方意思，這有利于解題。在高考完形填空題中，思，這有利于解題。在

13、高考完形填空題中，多半會(huì)在多半會(huì)在but一詞后設(shè)題。所以，一看到一詞后設(shè)題。所以，一看到but就做上就做上標(biāo)記標(biāo)記，遇到類似于，遇到類似于but的詞，如的詞，如however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等詞等詞時(shí)作同樣處理。這樣便于回到原文去尋找解時(shí)作同樣處理。這樣便于回到原文去尋找解題的依據(jù)。題的依據(jù)。 v Education is not only the teaching and learning of knowledge, but also the development of a persons _.vA. politeness B. habit vC.

14、interests D. characternot onlybut alsov并列結(jié)構(gòu)法并列結(jié)構(gòu)法v根據(jù)文章中表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或副詞根據(jù)文章中表示并列關(guān)系的連詞或副詞v如如and, also和和besides等，它們的題點(diǎn)是等，它們的題點(diǎn)是vand前后的成分結(jié)構(gòu)相似，意義相關(guān)，前后的成分結(jié)構(gòu)相似，意義相關(guān)，v再做出準(zhǔn)確判斷。再做出準(zhǔn)確判斷。vvI climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor,

15、 I was _1_ and at the same time feeling lonely. Worse still, Dad missed a step and fell, sending my new suitcases _2_ down the stairs.v 1. A. helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired 2. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turningandWorse stillv It has been many years since I was lost in London, _ I sti

16、ll remember something that happened during that visit.v A. andB. for C. butD. asv這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如這類題主要考查考生對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的理解，如v轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、增補(bǔ)關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系以及對(duì)比關(guān)系等。等。many yearsremember 3 3同義反義復(fù)現(xiàn)法同義反義復(fù)現(xiàn)法充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有擇有提示作用提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是的

17、詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是同義詞或反義詞或同一個(gè)詞同義詞或反義詞或同一個(gè)詞。1）Many old people dont have good _. They cant watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.vA. hearingB. healthC. eyesightD. time2）It was difficult for him to even _ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventuall

18、y die from the disease. A. run B. pass C. move D. travelmovewatch1I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. However(原原36題題), he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy, but rather when he was 37 and ill. (06 北京北京) A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow復(fù)現(xiàn)詞復(fù)現(xiàn)詞. (. (同義詞或反義詞同義詞或

19、反義詞) )。 strong4 4絕對(duì)矛盾法絕對(duì)矛盾法此法應(yīng)從此法應(yīng)從選項(xiàng)選項(xiàng)著手分析，若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中著手分析，若四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)絕對(duì)矛盾和對(duì)立，那么正確有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)絕對(duì)矛盾和對(duì)立，那么正確選項(xiàng)大多在這選項(xiàng)大多在這兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)兩個(gè)對(duì)立項(xiàng)之間產(chǎn)生，二之間產(chǎn)生，二者必居其一，至于究竟是哪一個(gè)，則需者必居其一，至于究竟是哪一個(gè)，則需進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境判斷。進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境判斷。vThe Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just _

20、1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ . v2.A. appeared B. missed v C. went D. disappeared appeareddisappearedv5.常識(shí)辨認(rèn)法和固定用法常識(shí)辨認(rèn)法和固定用法1. And it did. Suddenly,(原原38題題)the lightening flashed th

21、rough the clouds, nearly 39 Raul. (06四川卷四川卷) 39. A. beating B. blinding C. burning D. touching 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)根據(jù)生活常識(shí)以及相關(guān)知識(shí)確定選項(xiàng)v It was an early morning in summer. In the streets, sleepy-eyed people were moving quickly, heading towards their _. vA. jobsB. homesC. housesD. officesv固定短語(yǔ)搭配題：固定短語(yǔ)搭配題： vW

22、ith it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _ of flying into space and returning many times. vA. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit v The city (Washington) was named _ George Washington, the first president of the United States.v A. byB. forv C. as D. aftervIn Germany, you shake hands w

23、ith dozens of people every day. The _1_ hands you shake, the better. If you lived in England, you would _2_ ever shake hands with anyone, _3_ you were the Queen or politician. In Germany, you can have a ice-cold glass of beer at any time of a day. In England you can drink a glass of _4_in a public h

24、ouse only certain _5_ and it wouldnt be ice-cold.v1. A. bigger B. cleaner C. dirtier D. morev2. A. exactly B. almost C. hardly D. earlyv3. A. unless B. although C. when D. ifv4. A. tea B. beer C. coffee D. milkv5. A. hours B. days C. years D. weeks順口溜順口溜v設(shè)空層次：設(shè)空層次：前前后下下雨（語(yǔ)）（語(yǔ)）v3個(gè)把握：統(tǒng)一文體，合情合理個(gè)把握：統(tǒng)一文體

25、，合情合理v4處著眼：首眼身尾處著眼：首眼身尾v5個(gè)技巧：個(gè)技巧：籮籮（邏）里（邏）里常常裝裝（轉(zhuǎn)）著（轉(zhuǎn)）著銅銅（同）（同）錢錢（前）和（前）和餅餅（并），（并），絕對(duì)絕對(duì)不可能。不可能。六六. 分析結(jié)構(gòu)，突破長(zhǎng)句。分析結(jié)構(gòu)，突破長(zhǎng)句。（09 浙江）浙江）The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end, all the young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We looked back on the first

26、night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city _ the young people could experience its energy.A. now that B. so that C. as if D. even if so that 表示目的，我們進(jìn)入城市的市表示目的，我們進(jìn)入城市的市場(chǎng)以便年輕人能體驗(yàn)它的活力。場(chǎng)以便年輕人能體驗(yàn)它的活力。now that 既然，由于既然，由于 as if 好像，似乎好像，似乎 even if 即使，即便即使，即便（09 湖北）湖北）What was Mr. Mcn

27、amara_1_ me to do was to see myself as others see me and having done that, I could improve myself. And I _2_. 1. A. trusted B. invited C. forced D. permitted 2. A. did B. could C. had D. wouldMr. Mcnamara 迫使我學(xué)會(huì)用別人的眼迫使我學(xué)會(huì)用別人的眼光來(lái)評(píng)判自己，使自己得到提高。我確光來(lái)評(píng)判自己，使自己得到提高。我確實(shí)這么做了。實(shí)這么做了。七七、根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定選詞。、根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定選詞

28、。v1) And video cameras can be used to _ peoples actions at home.v A. keep B. makev C. record D. watch 2) Japan is an island country and its go all over the Pacific looking for fish to . A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains A. buy B. catch C. hold D. weighvA picture of the ring appeared

29、in the newspapers. A reader thought he _1_ the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which _2_ a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind her was a woman _3_a large diamond ring.v1. A. saw B. knew C. found D. recognizedv2. A. showed B. drew v C. printed D. carriedv

30、3. A. carrying B. dressing v C. wearing D. holding 1.A waiter(原原44題題) appeared. He paused for just a second, walked into the water to 45 the table and take their 46 , (06全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷)45. A. set B. wash C. remove D. check 46. A. menu B. bill C. food D. order根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞根據(jù)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者確定所選的詞2. The battle was fol

31、lowed by a terrible storm. Therefore, it wasnt until October 26 that Vice-Admiral(海軍中將海軍中將) Collingwood was 36 to send off his report to Britain 37 the victory and Nelsons death.(06 福建卷福建卷) 36. A. eager B. anxious C. able D. sure 37. A. announcing B. telling C. mentioning D. warning collegeschoolpri

32、mary schoolmiddle schooluniversityinstituteteachersprofessors(tutors)studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduatesdegreesBachelorsMastersDoctorscourseslecturesexaminationsquiztestpaperssubjectscheathomeworkmarkresultsscholarshipeg. I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt

33、 empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbour D. companioneg. One day, Mrs. Nanette ONeill gave an arithmetic _26_ to our class. When the papers were _27_ she dis

34、covered that twelve boys had made exactly the (same) mistakes throughout the test.26. A. test B. problem C. paper D. lesson27. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered1 1、跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意跳過空格，通讀全文，掌握大意3、復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案2、瞻前顧后，瞻前顧后，先易后難，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破各個(gè)擊破2mins10mins2mins從上下文中找線索，確定選項(xiàng)（從上下文中

35、找線索，確定選項(xiàng)（15分鐘）分鐘） I know I should have told the headmaster at the time. That was my real_1_. 1.A. plan B. fault C. grade D. luck He had gone out of the study for some_2_, leaving me alone. In his absence I looked to see what was on his desk. In the_3_ was a small piece of paper on which were written

36、 the _4_ “English Writing Prize 1949: History Is a Series of Biographies(人物傳記）人物傳記）.” 2. A. reason B. course C. example D. vacation 3. A. drawer B. corner C. middle D. box 4. A. names B. words C. ideas D. messages前后呼應(yīng)前后呼應(yīng)同義反義（同位語(yǔ)）同義反義（同位語(yǔ)）should have toldon his desk A(n) _5_ boy would have avoided l

37、ooking at the title as soon as he saw the_6_. I did not. The subject of the English Writing Prize was kept a _7_ until the start of the exam so I could not help reading it. When the headmaster_8_, I was looking out of the window.5. A. honest B. handsome C. friendly D. active6. A. desk B. paper C. bo

38、ok D. drawer7. A. question B. key C. note D. secret8.A.disappeared B. stayed C. returned D. went8.He had gone out of the study for some_2_,上文上文6.In the_3_ was a small piece of paper常識(shí)辨認(rèn)常識(shí)辨認(rèn)同義反義復(fù)現(xiàn)同義反義復(fù)現(xiàn)would have avoided lookingEnglish Writing Prizeuntil thestart of the exam I should have told him what had_9_ then.