The Growth of the English Vocabulary英語詞匯的發(fā)展

1、11級英語1班The presenter: 蔡敏東 PPT makers:謝曉瑯 巫彥曉 丁小英*Chapter 3Chapter 3The Growth of the English The Growth of the English VocabularyVocabulary*3.1 World English *How did English spread in the world?*The outbound spread of English temporally falls into four stages:*1.English colonization ( the late 17th

2、 century to the 18th century.) *2.the Industrial Revolution ( the 18th and 19th centuries.)*3.the two World War (from the late 19th century to the early 20th century.)*4.American technology innovation (the late 20th century) Feature of English as a global language世界英語的同一特性世界英語的同一特性*The enormous voca

3、bulary coming from a good variety of sources makes English outstanding amongst todays world of language.當今英語最突出的特征之一是英語詞匯的龐大和混雜.英語詞匯來源于:德語,荷蘭語,丹麥語,法語,拉丁語等等.由于英語的全球化傳播,現(xiàn)在英語中包含著許多從其他語言借用過來的詞語.(看書本38頁)*English nativization英語的本土化英語的本土化*English is forming a universal standard, while locally, it interact

4、with other languages and transforms into a regional dialect.(英語一方面在世界求得同化,形成標準,又在世界各地形成具有當?shù)靥厣挠⒄Z,構(gòu)成英語的本土化.)*English expansion does not simply mean the assimilation of the world , but also the local culture and languages.For instance , the vocabulary of China English vividly depicts the Chinese cultu

5、re, such as silk(絲綢)chopstick(筷子)dim sum(點心)mahjong(麻將) Tai Chi(太極)and so on.2022-6-18* 3.2 British English*British English has a broad sense (廣義)and a narrow sense(狹義). Broad sense includes:standard or non-standard, temporal or rgional, formal or informal. narrow sense include:standard English in B

6、ritain, or the medium of the upper and middle class.*英國的方言可分為四大類:southern English dialect, Midlands English dialect, Northern English dialect and Scottish English.*英語詞匯主要由三個組成成分: 1.Anglo-Saxon element(央格魯撒克遜語言) 2.French 3.Latin*The borrowing words出現(xiàn)的原因: 1.contact with none-English peoples,cultures a

7、nd languages. 2.Immigration.2022-6-18*3.3 American English 3.3.1 History Historically the growth of the largest language in the United Statas falls into three periods corresponding to the countryssocial and political changes. 1. colonial period.2. National Expansion period ,extending from 1790 to 18

8、65.3. after the Civil War,ended in1865.2022-6-18*3.3.2 The difference between American English and British EnglishSeveral reasons have made American English words differ from the British English ones.*1.Differences in the word choice(1).Difference words ,same meaning(異詞同義)eg:Such as the American cal

9、l,couch,game and gas ,and the British ring or phone ,sofa ,match and petrol. An apartment in American is called a flat in Britain. In American pedestrians are supposed to walk on the sildwalk,but In Britain,on the pavement.2022-6-18（2）Same word,different meanings（同詞異義）subwayit means in American Engl

10、ish underground urbon railroad，while in British English underground pedestrial tunnel.（3）Words cross-matching in meaning（詞義交叉）puddingthe British refer it to what Americans call dessert,while the Americans use it for the British English custard.（蛋奶沙司）(4)Same word,additional meaning in one variety.（同詞

11、新義） Both the Americans and the British use tube to refer to a hollow cylinder,but in additionally means television in American,and underground in Britain.2022-6-18(5)Words unique to one variety（特有詞匯） in referring to social and political institutions,succotash(豆煮玉米）,favorite son are unique terms in A

12、merican English while Yorkshire pudding,back bench are only in British English.*2.Differences in spelling forms There are five catagories of spelling differences between the two varieties:simplification,regularization,derivational uniformity,reflection of pronunciation,requirements of pronunciation.

13、Give the British English equivalents of the American English words.*高速公路 freeway motorway*電梯 elevator lift*汽油 gas petrol Give the American English equivalents of the British English words.*電影院 cinema movie theater *零 nought zero*郵件 post mail2022-6-18*3.4 The Future of English*In fact, American English is just one of the “new Englishes that followed the course of British exploration and empire bu