化學常用概念和術(shù)語中英文對照

1、化學常用概念和術(shù)語中英文對照化學常用概念和術(shù)語中英文對照BET公式BETformulaDLVO理論DLVOtheoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethodpVT性質(zhì)pVTproperty已電勢zetapotential阿伏加德羅常數(shù)Avogadronumber阿伏加德羅定律Avogadrolaw阿累尼烏斯電離理論Arrheniusionizationtheory阿累尼烏斯方程Arrheniusequation阿累尼烏斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy阿馬格定律Amagatlaw艾林方程Eryingequation愛因斯坦光化當量定律

2、Einsteinslawofphotochemicalequivalence愛因斯坦斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation安托萬常數(shù)Antoineconstant安托萬方程Antoineequation盎薩格電導理論Onsagerstheoryofconductance半電池halfcell半衰期halftimeperiod飽和液體saturatedliquids飽和蒸氣saturatedvapor飽和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption飽和蒸氣壓saturatedvaporpressure爆炸界限explosionlimits比表面功specifi

3、csurfacework比表面吉布斯函數(shù)specificsurfaceGibbsfunction比濃粘度reducedviscosity標準電動勢standardelectromotiveforce標準電極電勢standardelectrodepotential標準摩爾反應始standardmolarreactionenthalpy標準摩爾反應吉布斯函數(shù)standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction標準摩爾反應嫡standardmolarreactionentropy標準摩爾始函數(shù)standardmolarenthalpyfunction標準摩爾吉布斯自由能函數(shù)sta

4、ndardmolarGibbsfreeenergyfunction標準摩爾燃燒給standardmolarcombustionenthalpy標準摩爾嫡standardmolarentropy標準摩爾生成始standardmolarformationenthalpy標準摩爾生成吉布斯函數(shù)standardmolarformationGibbsfunction標準平衡常數(shù)standardequilibriumconstant標準氫電極standardhydrogenelectrode標準態(tài)standardstate標準嫡standardentropy標準壓力standardpressure標準狀況

5、standardcondition表觀活化能apparentactivationenergy表觀摩爾質(zhì)量apparentmolecularweight表觀遷移數(shù)apparenttransferencenumber表面surfaces表面過程控制surfaceprocesscontrol表面活性劑surfactants表面吸附量surfaceexcess表面張力surfacetension表面質(zhì)量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw波義爾定律Boylelaw波義爾溫度Boyletemperature波義爾點Boylepoint玻爾茲曼常數(shù)Boltzmannconstant玻爾茲曼分布

6、Boltzmanndistribution玻爾茲曼公式Boltzmannformula玻爾茲曼嫡定理Boltzmannentropytheorem玻色一愛因斯坦統(tǒng)計Bose-Einsteinstatistics泊Poise不可逆過程irreversibleprocess不可逆過程熱力學thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses不可逆相變化irreversiblephasechange布朗運動brownianmovement查理定律Charleslaw產(chǎn)率yield敞開系統(tǒng)opensystem超電勢overpotential沉降sedimentation沉降電勢s

7、edimentationpotential沉降平衡sedimentationequilibrium觸變thixotropy粗分散系統(tǒng)thickdispersesystem催化劑catalyst單分子層吸監(jiān)i"理論monomoleculelayeradsorption單分子反應unimolecularreaction單鏈反應straightchainreactions彈式量熱計bombcalorimeter道爾頓定律Daltonlaw道爾頓分壓定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw德拜和法爾肯哈根效應DebyeandFalkenhageneffect德拜立方公式Debye

8、cubicformula德拜休克爾極限公式Debye-Huckelslimitingequation等始過程isenthalpicprocess等始線isenthalpicline等幾率定理theoremofequalprobability等溫等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy等溫等壓位Gibbsfreeenergy等溫方程equationatconstanttemperature低共熔點eutecticpoint低共熔混合物eutecticmixture低會溶點lowerconsolutepoint低熔冰鹽合晶cryohydric第二類永動機perpetualmachineofth

9、esecondkind第三定律嫡third-lawentropy第一類永動機perpetualmachineofthefirstkind締合化學吸附associationchemicaladsorption電池常數(shù)cellconstant電池電動勢electromotiveforceofcells電池反應cellreaction電導conductance電導率conductivity電動勢的溫度系數(shù)temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce電動電勢zetapotential電動現(xiàn)象electrokineticphenomena電功electricwor

10、k電化學electrochemistry電化學極化electrochemicalpolarization電極電勢electrodepotential電極反應reactionsontheelectrode電極種類typeofelectrodes電解池electrolyticcell電量計coulometer電流效率currentefficiency電遷移electromigration電遷移率electromobility電滲electroosmosis電滲析electrodialysis電泳electrophoresis丁達爾效應Dyndalleffect定容摩爾熱容molarheatcapa

11、cityunderconstantvolume定容溫度計Constantvolumethermometer定壓摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure定壓溫度計constantpressurethermometer定域子系統(tǒng)localizedparticlesystem動力學方程kineticequations動力學控制kineticscontrol獨立子系統(tǒng)independentparticlesystem對比摩爾體積reducedmolevolume對比體積reducedvolume對比溫度reducedtemperature對比壓力reduce

12、dpressure對稱數(shù)symmetrynumber對行反應reversiblereactions對應狀態(tài)原理principleofcorrespondingstate多方過程polytropicprocess多分子層吸附理論adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers二級反應secondorderreaction二級相變secondorderphasechange法拉第常數(shù)faradayconstant法拉第定律Faradayslaw法揚思-帕尼思規(guī)則Fajans-Pancthsrule反電動勢backE.M.F.反滲透reverseosmosis反應分子數(shù)

13、molecularity反應級數(shù)reactionorders反應進度extentofreaction反應熱heatofreaction反應速率rateofreaction反應速率常數(shù)constantofreactionrate范德華常數(shù)vanderWaalsconstant范德華方程vanderWaalsequation范德華力vanderWaalsforce范德華氣體vanderWaalsgases范特霍夫方程vantHoffequation范特霍夫規(guī)則vantHoffrule范特霍夫滲透壓公式vantHoffequationofosmoticpressure非基元反應non-element

14、aryreactions非體積功non-volumework非依時計量學反應菲克擴散第一定律timeindependentstoichiometricreactionsFicksfirstlawofdiffusion沸點boilingpoint沸點升elevationofboilingpoint費米狄拉克統(tǒng)計Fermi-Diracstatistics分布distribution分布數(shù)distributionnumbers分解電壓decompositionvoltage分配定律distributionlaw分散系統(tǒng)dispersesystem分散相dispersionphase分體積partia

15、lvolume分體積定律partialvolumelaw分壓partialpressure分壓定律partialpressurelaw分子反應力學mechanicsofmolecularreactions分子間力intermolecularforce分子蒸f留moleculardistillation圭寸閉系統(tǒng)closedsystem附力口壓力excesspressure弗羅因德利希吸附經(jīng)驗式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption負極negativepole負吸附negativeadsorption復合反應compositereaction蓋？呂薩克定律G

16、ay-Lussaclaw蓋斯定律Hesslaw甘汞電極calomelelectrode感膠離子序lyotropicseries杠桿規(guī)則leverrule高分子溶液macromolecularsolution高會溶點upperconsolutepoint隔離法theisolationmethod格羅塞斯德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoerslaw隔離系統(tǒng)isolatedsystem根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed功work功函workcontent共朝溶液conjugatesolution共沸溫度azeotropictemperature構(gòu)型嫡configurationa

17、lentropy孤立系統(tǒng)isolatedsystem固溶膠solidsol固態(tài)混合物solidsolution固相線solidphaseline光反應photoreaction光化學第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry光化學第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry光敏反應photosensitizedreactions光譜嫡spectrumentropy廣度性質(zhì)extensiveproperty廣延量extensivequantity廣延性質(zhì)extensiveproperty規(guī)定嫡stipulatedentropy過飽和溶液oversatu

18、ratedsolution過飽和蒸氣oversaturatedvapor過程process過渡狀態(tài)理論transitionstatetheory過冷水super-cooledwater過冷液體overcooledliquid過熱液體overheatedliquid亥姆霍茲函數(shù)Helmholtzfunction亥姆霍茲函數(shù)判據(jù)Helmholtzfunctioncriterion亥姆霍茲自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy亥氏函數(shù)Helmholtzfunction始enthalpy亨利常數(shù)Henryconstant亨利定律Henrylaw恒沸混合物constantboilingmixtur

19、e恒容摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityatconstantvolume恒容熱heatatconstantvolume恒外壓constantexternalpressure恒壓摩爾熱容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒壓熱heatatconstantpressure化學動力學chemicalkinetics化學反應計量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction化學反應計量系數(shù)stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction化學反應進度extentofchemicalrea

20、ction化學親合勢chemicalaffinity化學熱力學chemicalthermodynamics化學勢chemicalpotential化學勢判據(jù)chemicalpotentialcriterion化學吸附chemisorptions環(huán)境environment環(huán)境嫡變entropychangeinenvironment揮發(fā)度volatility混合嫡entropyofmixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activationcontrol活化絡合物理論activatedcomplextheory活化能activationenergy霍根-華森圖Hougen-Wa

21、tsonChart基態(tài)能級energylevelatgroundstate基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula基元反應elementaryreactions積分溶解熱integrationheatofdissolution吉布斯杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation吉布斯亥姆霍茲方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbsfunction吉布斯函數(shù)判據(jù)Gibbsfunctioncriterion吉布斯吸監(jiān)"公式Gibbsadsorptionformula吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉氏函數(shù)Gibbsfunction極化電極電勢p

22、olarizationpotentialofelectrode極化曲線polarizationcurves極化作用polarization極限摩爾電導率limitingmolarconductivity幾率因子stericfactor計量式stoichiometricequation計量系數(shù)stoichiometriccoefficient價數(shù)規(guī)則ruleofvalence簡并度degeneracy鍵始bondenthalpy膠凍brothjelly膠核colloidalnucleus膠凝作用demulsification膠束micelle膠體colloid膠體分散系統(tǒng)dispersionsy

23、stemofcolloid膠體化學collochemistry膠團micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-湯姆生實驗焦耳-湯姆生系數(shù)焦耳-湯姆生效應膠體粒子colloidalparticlesJoule-ThomsonexperimentJoule-ThomsoncoefficientJoule-Thomsoneffect焦耳定律Jouleslaw接觸電勢contactpotential接觸角contactangle節(jié)流過程throttlingprocess節(jié)流膨脹throttlingexpansion節(jié)流月彭脹系數(shù)coefficientofthrottlingexpansion結(jié)線tieline結(jié)

24、晶熱heatofcrystallization解離化學吸附dissociationchemicaladsorption界面interfaces界面張力surfacetension浸濕immersionwetting浸濕功immersionwettingwork精儲rectify聚（合）電解質(zhì)polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulationvalue絕對反應速率理論absolutereactionratetheory絕對嫡absoluteentropy絕對溫標absolutetemperaturescale絕熱過程adiabaticprocess絕熱量熱計ad

25、iabaticcalorimeter絕熱指數(shù)adiabaticindex卡諾定理Carnottheorem卡諾循環(huán)Carnotcycle開爾文公式Kelvinformula柯諾瓦洛夫吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbslaw科爾勞施離子獨立運動定律KohlrauschsLawofIndependentMigrationofIons可能的電解質(zhì)potentialelectrolyte可逆電池reversiblecell可逆過程reversibleprocess可逆過程方程reversibleprocessequation可逆體積功reversiblevolumework可逆相變reversi

26、blephasechange克拉佩龍方程Clapeyronequation克勞修斯不等式Clausiusinequality克勞修斯一克拉佩龍方程Clausius-Clapeyronequation控制步驟controlstep庫侖計coulometer擴散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplacesequation拉烏爾定律Raoultlaw蘭格繆爾欣謝爾伍德機理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism蘭格繆爾吸附等溫式Langmuiradsorptionisothermformula雷利公式Rayleighequation冷凍系數(shù)coeffici

27、entofrefrigeration冷去岫線coolingcurve離解熱heatofdissociation離解壓力dissociationpressure離域子系統(tǒng)non-localizedparticlesystems離子的標準摩爾生成始standardmolarformationofion離子的電遷移率mobilityofions離子的遷移數(shù)transportnumberofions離子獨立運動定律lawoftheindependentmigrationofions離子氛ionicatmosphere離子強度ionicstrength理想混合物perfectmixture理想氣體ide

28、algas理想氣體的絕熱指數(shù)adiabaticindexofidealgases理想氣體的微觀模型micro-modelofidealgas理想氣體反應的等溫方程isothermalequationofidealgaseousreactions理想氣體絕熱可逆過程方程adiabaticreversibleprocessequationofidealgases理想氣體狀態(tài)方程stateequationofidealgas理想溶液idealsolutions理想稀溶液idealdilutesolution理想液態(tài)混合物perfectliquidmixture粒子particles粒子的配分函數(shù)pa

29、rtitionfunctionofparticles連串反應consecutivereactions鏈的傳遞物chaincarrier鏈反應chainreactions量熱嫡calorimetricentropy量子統(tǒng)計quantumstatistics量子效率quantumyield臨界參數(shù)criticalparameter臨界常數(shù)criticalconstant臨界點criticalpoint臨界膠束濃度criticalmicelleconcentration臨界摩爾體積criticalmolarvolume臨界溫度criticaltemperature臨界壓力criticalpressu

30、re臨界狀態(tài)criticalstate零級反應zeroorderreaction流動電勢streamingpotential流動功flowwork籠罩效應cageeffect路易斯蘭德爾逸度規(guī)則Lewis-Randallruleoffugacity露點dewpoint露點線dewpointline麥克斯韋關(guān)系式Maxwellrelations麥克斯韋速率分布Maxwelldistributionofspeeds麥克斯韋能量分布MaxwelIdistributionofenergy毛細管凝結(jié)condensationincapillary毛細現(xiàn)象capillaryphenomena米凱利斯常數(shù)Mi

31、chaelisconstant摩爾電導率molarconductivity摩爾反應始molarreactionenthalpy摩爾混合嫡moleentropyofmixing摩爾氣體常數(shù)molargasconstant摩爾熱容molarheatcapacity摩爾溶解給moledissolutionenthalpy摩爾稀釋給moledilutionenthalpy內(nèi)擴散控制internaldiffusionscontrol內(nèi)能internalenergy內(nèi)壓力internalpressure能級energylevels能級分布energyleveldistribution能量均分原理princ

32、ipleoftheequipartitionofenergy能斯特方程Nernstequation能斯特熱定理Nernstheattheorem凝固點freezingpoint凝固點降低loweringoffreezingpoint凝固點曲線freezingpointcurve凝膠gelatin凝聚態(tài)condensedstate凝聚相condensedphase濃差超電勢concentrationover-potential濃差極化concentrationpolarization濃差電池concentrationcells帕斯卡pascal泡點bubblepoint泡點線bubblepoin

33、tline配分函數(shù)partitionfunction配分函數(shù)的析因子性質(zhì)propertythatpartitionfunctiontobeexpressedasaproductoftheseparatepartitionfunctionsforeachkindofstate碰撞截面collisioncrosssection碰撞數(shù)thenumberofcollisions偏摩爾量partialmolequantities平衡常數(shù)（理想氣體反應）equilibriumconstantsforreactionsofidealgases平動配分函數(shù)partitionfunctionoftranslat

34、ion平衡分布equilibriumdistribution平衡態(tài)equilibriumstate平衡態(tài)近彳以法equilibriumstateapproximation平衡狀態(tài)圖equilibriumstatediagram平均活度meanactivity平均活度系統(tǒng)meanactivitycoefficient平均摩爾熱容meanmolarheatcapacity平均質(zhì)量摩爾濃度meanmassmolarity平均自由程meanfreepath平行反應parallelreactions破孚Ldemulsification鋪展spreading普遍化范德華方程universalvanderW

35、aalsequation其它功theotherwork氣化熱heatofvaporization氣溶膠aerosol氣體常數(shù)gasconstant氣體分子運動論kinetictheoryofgases氣體分子運動論的基本方程foundamentalequationofkinetictheoryofgases氣溶膠aerosol氣相線vaporline遷移數(shù)transportnumber潛熱latentheat強度量intensivequantity強度性質(zhì)intensiveproperty親液溶膠hydrophilicsol氫電極hydrogenelectrodes區(qū)域熔化zonemeltin

36、g熱heat熱爆炸heatexplosion熱泵heatpump熱功當量mechanicalequivalentofheat熱函heatcontent熱化學thermochemistry熱化學方程thermochemicalequation熱機heatengine熱機效率efficiencyofheatengine熱力學第二定律熱力學第三定律熱力學第一定律熱力學基本方程熱力學thermodynamicsthesecondlawofthermodynamicsthethirdlawofthermodynamicsthefirstlawofthermodynamicsfundamentalequa

37、tionofthermodynamics熱力學幾率thermodynamicprobability熱力學能thermodynamicenergy熱力學特性函數(shù)characteristicthermodynamicfunction熱力學溫標thermodynamicscaleoftemperature熱力學溫度thermodynamictemperature熱嫡thermalentropy熱效應heateffect熔點曲線meltingpointcurve熔化熱heatoffusion溶膠colloidalsol溶解給dissolutionenthalpy溶液solution溶脹swelling

38、乳化劑emulsifier孚L狀液emulsion潤濕wetting潤濕角wettingangle薩克爾泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrodeequation三相點triplepoint三相平衡線triple-phaseline嫡entropy嫡判據(jù)entropycriterion嫡增原理principleofentropyincrease滲透壓osmoticpressure滲析法dialyticprocess生成反應formationreaction升華熱heatofsublimation實際氣體realgas舒爾采一哈迪規(guī)則Schulze-Hardyrule松馳力relaxationfo

39、rce松馳時間timeofrelaxation速度常數(shù)reactionrateconstant速率方程rateequations速率控制步驟ratedeterminingstep塔費爾公式Tafelequation態(tài)一態(tài)反應state-statereactions唐南平衡Donnanequilibrium淌度mobility特魯頓規(guī)則Troutonrule特性粘度intrinsicviscosity體積功volumework統(tǒng)計權(quán)重statisticalweight統(tǒng)計熱力學statisticthermodynamics統(tǒng)計嫡statisticentropy途徑path途徑函數(shù)pathfunc

40、tion夕卜擴散控制externaldiffusioncontrol完美晶體perfectcrystalline完全氣體perfectgas微觀狀態(tài)microstate微態(tài)microstate韋斯頓標準電池Westonstandardbattery維恩效應Wieneffect維里方程virialequation維里系數(shù)virialcoefficient穩(wěn)流過程steadyflowprocess穩(wěn)態(tài)近似法stationarystateapproximation無熱溶液athermalsolution無限稀溶液solutionsinthelimitofextremedilution物理化學Phys

41、icalChemistry物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量線adsorptionisostere吸附等溫線adsorptionisotherm吸附等壓線adsorptionisobar吸附劑adsorbent吸附量extentofadsorption吸附熱heatofadsorption吸附質(zhì)adsorbate析出電勢evolutionordepositionpotential析因子T生質(zhì)propertythatpartitionfunctiontobeexpressedasaproductoftheseparatepartitionfunctionsfor

42、eachkindofstate稀溶液的依數(shù)性colligativepropertiesofdilutesolutions稀釋給dilutionenthalpy系統(tǒng)system系統(tǒng)點systempoint系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境environmentofsystem相phase相變phasechange相變始enthalpyofphasechange相變化phasechange相變熱heatofphasechange相點phasepoint相對揮發(fā)度relativevolatility相對粘度relativeviscosity相律phaserule相平衡熱容heatcapacityinphaseequilibrium相圖phasediagram相倚子系統(tǒng)systemofdependentparticles懸浮液suspension循環(huán)過程cyclicprocess壓力商pressurequ