OSPF綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)大全

1、OSPF綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)大全OSPF實(shí)驗(yàn)1：基本的OSPF配置實(shí)驗(yàn)級別：Assistant實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)洌?#160; 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟： 1.首先在3臺路由器上配置物理接口，并且使用ping命令確保物理鏈路的暢通。2.在路由器上配置loopback接口：R1(config)#int loopback 0R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0R2(config)#int loopback 0R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0R3(config)#int loopback 0R3(config-if)#

2、ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0      路由器的RID是路由器接口的最高的IP地址，當(dāng)有環(huán)回口存在是，路由器將使用環(huán)回口的最高IP地址作為起RID，從而保證RID的穩(wěn)定。3 在3臺路由器上分別啟動ospf進(jìn)程，并且宣告直連接口的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。R1(config)#router ospf 10R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.

3、255 area 0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0.0.0.255 area 0    ospf的進(jìn)程號只有本地意義，既在不同路由器上的進(jìn)程號可以不相同。但是為了日后維護(hù)的方便，一般啟用相同的進(jìn)程號。    ospf使用反向掩碼。Area 0表示骨干區(qū)域，在設(shè)計ospf網(wǎng)絡(luò)時，所有的非骨干區(qū)域都需要和骨干區(qū)域直連！R2，R3的配置和R1類似，這里省略。不同的是我們在R2和R3上不宣告各自的環(huán)回口。*Aug 13 17:58:51.411: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG:

4、Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done配置結(jié)束后，我們可以看到鄰居關(guān)系已經(jīng)到達(dá)FULL狀態(tài)。4. 在R1上查看路由表，可以看到以下信息：    R1#show ip route    Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, E

5、X - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS,

6、 su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route       Gateway o

7、f last resort is not set        1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets     C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0     C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ser

8、ial1/0     O    192.168.2.0/24 110/65 via 192.168.1.2, 00:03:42, Serial1/0     C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/    我們看到R1學(xué)到了192.168.2.0/24這個網(wǎng)段的路由。后面的數(shù)字110/65，分別表示OSPF的管理距離（AD）和路由的M

9、etric值OSPF的Metric值是由cost值逐跳累加的。Cost=100Mb/帶寬值。 5. 在R1上show ip ospf neighbor 、show ip ospf interface   R1#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time&

10、#160;  Address         Interface3.3.3.3           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:34    192.168.3.3   

11、0; FastEthernet0/02.2.2.2           0   FULL/  -        00:00:32    192.168.1.2     Serial1/0 我們看到R1和R3選取了DR和BDR，而R1和R2沒有選取。&

12、#160;在ospf的五種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型中。Point-to-Point,Point-to-Multipoint(廣播與非廣播)這三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型不選取DR與BDR; Broadcast,NBMA選取DR與BDR。 R1#show ip ospf interfaceFastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 192.168.3.1/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST,

13、 Cost: 1  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1  Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 192.168.3.1  Backup Designated router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 192.168.3.3  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5&#

14、160;   oob-resync timeout 40    Hello due in 00:00:03  Index 3/3, flood queue length 0  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec  Neighbor Coun

15、t is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1    Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3  (Backup Designated Router)  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 192.168.1.1/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.

16、1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5    oob-resync timeout 40    Hello due in 00:00:02  Index 1/1, fl

17、ood queue length 0  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1  Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1    Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2  Suppress he

18、llo for 0 neighbor(s)Loopback0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type LOOPBACK, Cost: 1  Loopback interface is treated as a stub Host 在這里我們看到環(huán)回口的網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型是Loopback，這是一種特殊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型，只針對環(huán)回口存在。

19、我們到R2上看看路由表： R2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external ty

20、pe 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U -

21、 per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO       1.1.1.1 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:3

22、4, Serial1/0     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial

23、1/1O    192.168.3.0/24 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:12:34, Serial1/0                    110/65 via 192.168.2.3, 00:12:34, Serial1/1 R2的路由表顯示來自環(huán)回口的路由，掩碼為/32，既我們所說的“主機(jī)路由”。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，環(huán)

24、回口以32位的居多，用作ospf的管理接口。但是如果你想讓環(huán)回口模擬一個網(wǎng)段，我們可以通過以下配置來消除。 R1(config)#int loopback 0R1(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point 環(huán)回口只能配置成point-to-point這種類型，不可以配置成其它的類型。 回到R2查看路由表： R2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP    

25、60;  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2    &

26、#160;  i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway

27、of last resort is not set      1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsO       1.1.1.0 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC       2.2.

28、2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1O    192.168.3.0/24 110/65 via 192.168.1.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0      &

29、#160;             110/65 via 192.168.2.3, 00:00:24, Serial1/1 我們看到主機(jī)路由沒有了，取而代之的是一個/24的網(wǎng)段。本文出自 “蓋如鶴的步徒” 博客，請務(wù)必保留此出處OSPF實(shí)驗(yàn)2：DR/BDR的選取實(shí)驗(yàn)級別：Professional  情況一：    我們都知道OSPF選取DR的過程是首先比較優(yōu)先級，在優(yōu)先級相同的情況下選擇RID較高的為DR，

30、但是我多次實(shí)驗(yàn)后發(fā)現(xiàn)在很多時候DR并非RID最高的路由器，這是什么原因呢？    在翻閱了卷一有關(guān)OSPF DR選取的介紹時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這么一句話：“在一個多址網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，最先初始化啟動的兩臺具有DR選取資格的路由器將成為DR和BDR路由器?！边@是我總結(jié)了非最高RID而成為DR的實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些路由器都是我在進(jìn)行OSPF配置的時候首先啟動ospf的路由器，那會不會是因?yàn)檫@些路由器首先啟動了OSPF，然后把自己設(shè)置為DR導(dǎo)致其他路由器啟動OSPF后就不再進(jìn)行DR的選取了呢？于是我做了下面的這個實(shí)驗(yàn)。     實(shí)驗(yàn)的topo很簡單，我就不

31、畫了，就是兩臺路由器通過fa0/0口相連接。R1:conf tho R1int lo0ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0int fa0/0ip add 172.1.1.1 255.255.255.0no shrouter ospf 10net 172.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 a 0R2:conf tho R2int lo0ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0int fa0/0ip add 172.1.1.2 255.255.255.0no shR1啟動ospf進(jìn)程后，我們在R2上暫時先不開啟ospf，在R1上發(fā)現(xiàn)了以下信息： R1#sho

32、 ip ospf intFastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up   Internet Address 172.1.1.1/24, Area 0   Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1   Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface addres

33、s 172.1.1.1  No backup designated router on this network  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5    oob-resync timeout 40    Hello due in 00:00:01  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)  Last flood sca

34、n length is 0, maximum is 0  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0   Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)     我們看到R1已經(jīng)把自己設(shè)定為DR了，按照OSPF的規(guī)則，新加入的路由器即使RID比DR高，也不會替換DR。這就說明了為什么在有些時候DR并非RID最高的路由器。  

35、;   當(dāng)然這個實(shí)驗(yàn)也順便驗(yàn)證了ospf中DR選取結(jié)束后，除非DR路由器出現(xiàn)故障，否則就是有更高優(yōu)先級或者RID的路由器進(jìn)入OSPF進(jìn)程，也是無法改變DR的。既DR是不可以搶奪的！ 情況二（本實(shí)驗(yàn)參照了ITAA實(shí)驗(yàn)室Netfish的實(shí)驗(yàn)）：    ospf中有一個Wait Timer計時器，在這個計時器所限定的時間內(nèi)起來的OSPF可以視為同時起機(jī)。    TCP/IP卷1第292頁對于這個時間間隔是這樣定義的：    Wait Timer:在開始選舉DR和BDR之間，路由器等

36、待鄰居路由器的Hello數(shù)據(jù)包通告DR和BDR的時長。長度就是RouterDeadInterval的時間。     本實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)渑c情況一相同，不同的地方在于當(dāng)我們在R1上啟動OSPF后，迅速（一定要迅速，非常迅速！40s之內(nèi)）在R2上也啟動ospf，通過debug信息可以看到以下情況：R1#debug ip ospf adjOSPF adjacency events debugging is onR1#debug ip ospf ev OSPF events debugging is on*Aug 14 00:56:19.047: OSPF: I

37、nterface FastEthernet0/0 going Up*Aug 14 00:56:19.051: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 172.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:19.551: OSPF: Build router LSA for area 0, router ID 1.1.1.1, seq 0x80000001*Aug 14 00:56:19.555: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 172.1.

38、1.2*Aug 14 00:56:19.555: OSPF: End of hello processingR1(config-router)#*Aug 14 00:56:29.051: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 172.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:29.451: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 172.1.1.2*Aug 14 00:56:29.455: OSPF: 2 Way Communication

39、to 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0, state 2WAY*Aug 14 00:56:29.455: OSPF: End of hello processingR1(config-router)#*Aug 14 00:56:39.051: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 172.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:39.427: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 172.1.1.2*Aug 14 00

40、:56:39.427: OSPF: End of hello processingR1(config-router)#*Aug 14 00:56:49.051: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 172.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:49.447: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from FastEthernet0/0 172.1.1.2*Aug 14 00:56:49.447: OSPF: End of hello processingR1(config-

41、router)#*Aug 14 00:56:59.051: OSPF: end of Wait on interface FastEthernet0/0*Aug 14 00:56:59.051: OSPF: DR/BDR election on FastEthernet0/0 *Aug 14 00:56:59.051: OSPF: Elect BDR 2.2.2.2*Aug 14 00:56:59.055: OSPF: Elect DR 2.2.2.2*Aug 14 00:56:59.055:        DR:

42、 2.2.2.2 (Id)   BDR: 2.2.2.2 (Id)*Aug 14 00:56:59.055: OSPF: Send DBD to 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 seq 0x826 opt 0x52 flag 0x7 len 32*Aug 14 00:56:59.059: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on FastEthernet0/0 from 172.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:59.459: OSPF: Rcv hello from 2.2.2.2 area 0 from F

43、astEthernet0/0 172.1.1.2*Aug 14 00:56:59.463: OSPF: Neighbor change Event on interface FastEthernet0/0*Aug 14 00:56:59.463: OSPF: DR/BDR election on FastEthernet0/0 *Aug 14 00:56:59.463: OSPF: Elect BDR 1.1.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:59.467: OSPF: Elect DR 2.2.2.2*Aug 14 00:56:59.467: OSPF: Elect BDR 1.1

44、.1.1*Aug 14 00:56:59.467: OSPF: Elect DR 2.2.2.2*Aug 14 00:56:59.471:        DR: 2.2.2.2 (Id)   BDR: 1.1.1.1 (Id) 這個時候我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個路由器進(jìn)行了DR/BDR的選取，并且結(jié)論和書上介紹的完全一致。 從Debug信息的時間上來看，從啟動OSPF進(jìn)程到開始選舉DR和DBR的時間間隔是40秒，在這個時間段內(nèi)，無論R1還是R2并沒有選舉DR和DBR。 在RFC2328中對

45、這個時間間隔的定義如下：Wait Timer        A single shot timer that causes the interface to exit the        Waiting state, and as a consequence select a Designated Router        on the network.  The leng

46、th of the timer is RouterDeadInterval        seconds. 因?yàn)樵趶V播鏈路中的RouterDeadInterval是40秒，所以我們看到的這個時間間隔為40秒。 結(jié)論：      并不是先啟動OSPF進(jìn)程的路由器就是DR，而是有一個時間間隔讓路由器來等待其他路由器，在這個時間間隔內(nèi)，路由器相互監(jiān)聽Hello包中的DR和DBR字段中的信息，并且服從優(yōu)先級原則，可以這樣認(rèn)為選舉是公平的。  實(shí)

47、際情況：     在實(shí)際的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，即使是40秒內(nèi)同時起進(jìn)程的情況也少見；實(shí)際情況下是率先啟用ospf進(jìn)程的路由器就很有可能成為DR，第二個啟動的就很有可能成為BDR，考慮到路由器故障或者重啟等情況，實(shí)際的運(yùn)行效果是：“活”得最久的路由器成為DR（比多長時間不重起） .OSPF實(shí)驗(yàn)3：OSPF over NBMA下的五種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型實(shí)驗(yàn)等級：Professional 實(shí)驗(yàn)拓?fù)洌?#160;實(shí)驗(yàn)基本配置：1.       首先將R1配置成為幀中繼交換機(jī)：frame-relay swi

48、tching!interface Serial1/0 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay clock rate 64000 frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay intf-type dce frame-relay route 101 interface Serial1/1 102!interface Serial1/1 no ip address encapsulation frame-relay clock rate 64

49、000 frame-relay lmi-type ansi frame-relay intf-type dce     frame-relay route 102 interface Serial1/0 1012.       R2和R3的基本配置： R2：interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0!      &#

50、160; interface Serial1/0 ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 12.1.1.3 101 broadcast no frame-relay inverse-arp!router ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2 log-adjacency-changes network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.2

51、55 area 0 network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3：interface Loopback0 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0!interface Serial1/1 ip address 12.1.1.3 255.255.255.0 encapsulation frame-relay serial restart-delay 0 frame-relay map ip 12.1.1.2 102 broadcast no frame-relay

52、inverse-arp!router ospf 10 router-id 3.3.3.3 log-adjacency-changes network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0     network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Type1-Non_Broadcast（默認(rèn)） 我們在R2上show ip ospf neighbor，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有鄰居。說明在這種情況下鄰居需要手動配置！配置如下：R2：  R2(config)#router ospf

53、 10R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3R3：R3(config)#router ospf 10R3(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.2此時在R2上查看鄰居：R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Addr

54、ess         Interface3.3.3.3           1   FULL/DR         00:01:46    12.1.1.3       

55、; Serial1/0發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居已經(jīng)形成并且有DR與BDR的選舉！在R2上查看接口R2#show ip ospf interfaceSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type NON_BROADCAST, Cost: 64  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State BDR, Priori

56、ty 1  Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3  Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2  Flush timer for old DR LSA due in 00:01:40  Timer intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5在這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型中

57、，hello的間隔是30s。打開debug信息，我們可以看到在這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型中，OSPF的數(shù)據(jù)包是單播傳送的。R2#*Aug 14 14:52:52.819: OSPF: Send hello to 12.1.1.3 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 14:52:57.087: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 14:52:57.091: OSPF: End of hello processingType2- Broadca

58、st首先去掉剛才手動配置的鄰居關(guān)系：R2(config)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.3 R3(config)#router ospf 10R3(config-router)#no neighbor 12.1.1.2將R2和R3接口的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型改成broadcastR2(config-router)#int s1/0R2(config-if)#ip ospf network broadcastR3(config-router)#int s1/1R3(config-if)#ip ospf network broad

59、cast一會我們就看到了如下信息R3#*Aug 14 14:59:52.823: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done這說明了在這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型下是不需要手動配置鄰居關(guān)系的！R2#show ip ospf nei Neighbor ID     Pri   State        &

60、#160;  Dead Time   Address         Interface3.3.3.3           1   FULL/DR         00:00:39    1

61、2.1.1.3        Serial1/0有DR與BDR的選舉。R2#sho ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 64  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, Sta

62、te BDR, Priority 1  Designated Router (ID) 3.3.3.3, Interface address 12.1.1.3  Backup Designated router (ID) 2.2.2.2, Interface address 12.1.1.2  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5 Hello時間間隔為10s。R2#*Aug 14 15:02:20.443: OSPF:

63、 Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2*Aug 14 15:02:20.959: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:02:20.963: OSPF: End of hello processing使用224.0.0.5這個組播地址傳送數(shù)據(jù)包。Type3- Point-to-Point將R2，R3接口的網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型改成Point-to-PointR2(config-if)#ip ospf net p

64、oint-to-pointR3(config-if)#ip ospf net point-to-point很快我們就可以看到如下信息R3(config-if)#*Aug 14 15:06:07.559: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done說明這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型也不需要手動指定鄰居R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID     Pri   St

65、ate           Dead Time   Address         Interface3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -    

66、    00:00:37    12.1.1.3        Serial1/0沒有DR/BDR的選舉R2#sh ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO

67、_POINT, Cost: 64  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5Hello時間間隔為10sR2#*Aug 14 15:08:25.311: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 15:08:30.259: OSPF:

68、 Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:08:30.263: OSPF: End of hello processing同樣也是使用224.0.0.5這個組播地址傳送數(shù)據(jù)。Type4- Point-to-Multipoint將接口改為Point-to-MultipointR2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipointR3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint*Aug 14 15:10:51.739:

69、 %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done同樣也不需要手動指定鄰居R2#sho ip ospf nei Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address

70、0;        Interface3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -        00:01:48    12.1.1.3       &

71、#160;Serial1/0沒有DR和BDR的選舉R2#sho ip ospf intSerial1/0 is up, line protocol is up  Internet Address 12.1.1.2/24, Area 0  Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT, Cost: 64  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_MULTIPOINT,  Timer

72、 intervals configured, Hello 30, Dead 120, Wait 120, Retransmit 5Hello時間間隔為30sR2#*Aug 14 15:12:49.759: OSPF: Send hello to 224.0.0.5 area 0 on Serial1/0 from 12.1.1.2R2#*Aug 14 15:12:57.443: OSPF: Rcv hello from 3.3.3.3 area 0 from Serial1/0 12.1.1.3*Aug 14 15:12:57.447: OSPF: End of

73、hello processing以224.0.0.5這個組播地址發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)Type5- Point-to-Multipoint（Non_Broadcast）改變接口類型為Point-to-Multipoint(Non_Broadcast)R2(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcastR3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast這個時候鄰居沒有被自動發(fā)現(xiàn)。我們在R2上手動指定鄰居R2(config-if)#router ospf 10R2(config-router)#neighbor 12.1.1.3R2(config-router)#*Aug 14 15:18:38.955: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to F