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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上實(shí)驗(yàn) 纖維素酶活力的測(cè)定(3,5-二硝基水楊酸法)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆者€原糖的測(cè)定原理,學(xué)習(xí)用3,5-二硝基水楊酸法測(cè)定纖維素酶活力的方法。 二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理纖維素酶水解纖維素,產(chǎn)生纖維二糖、葡萄糖等還原糖,能將3,5-二硝基水楊酸中的硝基還原成橙黃色的氨基化合物,故可利用比色法測(cè)定其還原物生成量來(lái)表示纖維素酶的活力。三、主要儀器與試劑(一)實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器1. 25mL比色管 2. 722型分光光度計(jì) 3. 滴管 4.水浴鍋 5.移液槍 6.電爐(二)、試劑1. 3,5-二硝基水楊酸顯色液:稱取10.0 g 3,5-二硝基水楊酸,溶入200mL蒸餾水中,加入20g分析純
2、氫氧化鈉,200g酒石酸鉀鈉,加水至500mL,升溫溶解后,加入重蒸苯酚2.0g,無(wú)水亞硫酸鈉0.50g。加熱攪拌,待全溶后冷卻,定容至1000mL。存于棕色瓶中,放置一周后使用。2. 0.1mol/L pH4.5乙酸-乙酸鈉緩沖溶液。3. 0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉水溶液,溶解后成膠狀液,靜置過(guò)夜。使用前搖勻。 4. 葡萄糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液:稱取干燥至恒重的無(wú)水葡萄糖100mg,溶解后定容至100mL, 此溶液含葡萄糖1.00mg/mL。5. 纖維素酶液:將0.05g酶溶解定容至50 mL,從中取出1.0mL再定容至100mL,待檢測(cè)用。(用pH4.5乙酸-乙酸鈉緩沖溶液配制) 四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1
3、.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制:分別吸取0.0,0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80,1.00m L 葡萄糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液于6支25mL比色管中,均用蒸餾水稀釋至1mL,加3.5-二硝基水楊酸顯色劑3mL,在沸水浴中煮沸顯色10min,冷卻,加蒸餾水21mL,搖勻。以空白管調(diào)零,在550nm處比色。以光密度為縱坐標(biāo),以葡萄糖g數(shù)為橫坐標(biāo),繪出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。序號(hào)123456葡萄糖標(biāo)液0.00.200.400.600.801.00蒸餾水1.00.800.600.400.200.03,5-二硝基水楊酸3.03.03.03.03.03.0實(shí)驗(yàn)操作沸水浴加熱10min,冷卻后,加水定容,搖勻,比色測(cè)定吸光度A550nm0.02
4、.空白管的測(cè)定: 在2支25mL試管中各加入1.0mL酶液,沸水浴5min,冷卻后加3.0mL 0.5%CMC-Na,與樣品管同時(shí)放入50水浴30min。其它操作同樣品管。3.樣品的測(cè)定:在3支25mL試管中各加入0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉溶液3.0mL,酶液1.0mL,于50水浴中糖化30min,取出,立即于沸水浴中煮沸10min使酶失活,得糖化液,冷卻加入3.0 mL 3,5-二硝基水楊酸顯色液,再沸水浴10min,冷卻后加水定容至25mL,混勻,以空白管調(diào)零,在550nm處測(cè)OD值,查葡萄糖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線得樣品的葡萄糖g數(shù)。 五、結(jié)果計(jì)算在上述條件下,1酶每分鐘催化纖維素水解生成1微克
5、葡萄糖定為一個(gè)活力單位。纖維素酶活力單位(g / mg·min)式中:N酶液的稀釋倍數(shù),此處為10030糖化所用時(shí)間,min1反應(yīng)酶液的mL數(shù)六、注意事項(xiàng)1.無(wú)論是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液還是樣品液,都要去除葡萄糖外的其他各種成分的對(duì)OD值的影響。使得到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線經(jīng)過(guò)坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)。2.用移液管或移液槍加各試劑時(shí),不能將移液管或移液槍頭混用。各比色管中,均用蒸餾水稀釋至1mL,加3.5-二硝基水楊酸顯色劑3mL,在沸水浴中煮沸顯色10min,冷卻,加蒸餾水21mL,搖勻。Determination of Cellulase Activity1. Purpose of ExperimentMaster the
6、 principle of determination of reducing sugar,Learn the method of determinating cellulase activity using 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid method.2. Experimental PrincipleCellulase can hydrolyze cellulose to produce reducing sugar such as cellobiose and glucose. Those sugars can reduce nitro of 3,5- dinitr
7、o salicylic acid into amino to form orange yellow amino compounds, so colorimetric method can be used to determine the reduction product expressed as cellulase activity .3. The Main Instruments and Reagent3.1 Experimental Instrument (1) 25mL colorimetric tube type (2).722 spectrophotometer (3) dropp
8、er (4) bath (5) pipette (6) electric furnace3.2 Reagent(1) 3,5- dinitro salicylic acid solution: Weigh 10 g 3,5- two nitro salicylic acid, dissolved in 200mL of distilled water, adding 20g sodium hydroxide of analytically pure, 200g sodium potassium tartrate, add water to 500mL, heating to dissolve
9、those reagents. Adding redistilled phenol 2.0g, sodium sulfite anhydrous 0.50g. Heating and stirring. When the reagents are fully dissolved, cooling. Dilute with water to 1000mL. Stored in a brown bottle, lay aside a week before use.(2) 0.1mol/L pH4.5 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution.(3) 0
10、.5%CMC-Na liquid: Weigh 0.50g sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dissolved in water to make a colloidal solution, standing for a night. Shake well before using.(4) 1.0mg/mL glucose standard solution: weigh 100mg anhydrous glucose dried to constant weight, dissolve in water to100mL.(5) Cellulase liquid:
11、0.05g enzyme dissolve in 50 mL pH4.5 acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution, then suck 1.0mL to a 100mL volumetric flask,dilute with the buffer solution to scale.4. Experimental Steps4.1 Standard Curve Drawing: Adding 0.0, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00m L glucose standard solution in 6 colorimetr
12、ic tube of 25mL, respectively. In every colorimetric tube, adding distilled water until 1.0mL,then adding 3.5- dinitro salicylic acid solution 3.0mL, boiled in boiling water bath 10min for color developing, then cooling, add 21mL of distilled water, shaking. Set empty tube zero, determine OD value a
13、t 550nm. Using the optical density as ordinate, glucose g number as abscissa, to draw the standard curve.Serial Number123456glucose standard solution (mL)0.00.200.400.600.801.00Distilled water (mL)1.00.800.600.400.200.03,5-dinitro salicylic acid (mL)3.03.03.03.03.03.0Experiment OperationHeating 10mi
14、n in boiling water bath, dilute with water to scale after cooling, shake, colorimetric determinationAbsorbance A550nm0.04.2 Determination of Blank: Adding 1.0mL enzyme liquid in each of the 2 tubes of 25mL. put in boiling water bath 5min, after cooling add 3.0mL 0.5%CMC-Na liquid, then put in 50 wat
15、er bath for 30min. The subsequent operation is same as sample.4.3. Determination of Sample: In each of 3 25mL tubes adding 0.5% CMC-Na liquid 3.0mL, cellulase liquid 1.0mL, put at 50 water bath exactly 30min for glycosylation. Then remove immediately to put in boiling water bath for 10min to inactiv
16、ate the enzyme. After the saccharification liquid cooling, add 3.0 mL 3,5- dinitro salicylic acid solution, then put again in boiling water bath 10min to develop color, then cooling, dilute with water to 25mL, mixing. Set empty tube zero, determine OD value at 550nm. Check on glucose standard curve
17、to get glucose g number of samples5. Results CalculationUnder the above conditions, 1 mg of cellulase catalyzes hydrolysis of cellulose to form 1 microgram glucose within 1 minute is defined as a unit of activity.Activity of Cellulase Units (g/mg·min)= N Dilution multiple of enzyme liquid, here
18、 is 10030 mashing time used, min1 mL number of enzyme liquid 6. Notice(1) whether standard or sample solution, the other ingredients except glucose should be removed to elimilate the influence effectly. The standard curve obtained should go through the origin of coordinates.(2) When using pipettes t
19、o add reagents, dont mix pipettes with pipette tips. 實(shí)驗(yàn) 食品中黃酮含量的測(cè)定-可見(jiàn)分光光度法一、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆湛梢?jiàn)分光光度法測(cè)定食品中總黃酮含量的方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理黃酮類化合物中的酚羥基能與 Al3+ 的堿性溶液中生成紅色絡(luò)合物,其顏色深淺與黃酮含量成正比,在510 nm波長(zhǎng)處有最大吸收,故可比色測(cè)定。三、適用范圍適用于食品中總黃酮含量的測(cè)定。四、儀器及試劑1. 儀器:可見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì),分析天平,10 mL 比色管,容量瓶、移液管等。 2. 試劑:10亞硝酸鈉溶液,10硝酸鋁溶液,1molL氫氧化鈉溶液,乙醇,蘆丁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品
20、等。五、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液的制備精密稱取在120減壓干燥至恒重的蘆丁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品100 mg,置100mL容量瓶中,加甲醇70mL,置水浴上微熱使溶解,放冷,加甲醇至刻度,搖勻。精密吸取10mL,置100mL容量瓶中,加水至度,搖勻,即得0.1mg/ mL蘆丁。2.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的制備準(zhǔn)確吸取蘆丁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液(0.1mgmL) 0.0mL、1.0mL、2.0mL、3.0mL、4.0mL、5.0mL,分別置于10mL比色管中,各加30乙醇使成5.0mL,各準(zhǔn)確加入10亞硝酸鈉溶液0.3mL,充分搖勻,放置6min。再準(zhǔn)確加入10硝酸鋁溶液0.3mL,充分搖勻,放置6min。各加1 molL氫氧化鈉溶液4.0m
21、L,用蒸餾水稀釋至刻度,充分搖勻,放置15min,用分光光度計(jì),在510nm波長(zhǎng)處測(cè)定吸光度。以吸光度為縱坐標(biāo),濃度為橫坐標(biāo),繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線。 3.試樣測(cè)定稱取一定量的試樣置三角瓶中, 精確加入70% 乙醇50 mL, 稱定重量, 超聲提取30 min, 再稱定重量, 加70% 乙醇補(bǔ)足減失重量, 搖勻, 過(guò)濾, 取濾液備用。準(zhǔn)確吸取濾液(濃度約0.1mgmL) 2mL4mL,置10mL比色管中,按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線制備項(xiàng)下自“各加30乙醇使成5.0mL。“起依法操作直至測(cè)定出樣品的吸光度。 六、結(jié)果計(jì)算X=式中: X) 樣品中總黃酮的含量( 以蘆丁計(jì)) , mg/ 100g( m
22、L) ;A) 吸取濾液中黃酮的量,g;m ) 樣品的質(zhì)量, g(mL);F) 樣品的稀釋倍數(shù)。七、說(shuō)明及注意事項(xiàng)1.可見(jiàn)分光光度法測(cè)定黃酮含量,應(yīng)注意控制反應(yīng)時(shí)間、顯色時(shí)間以及試劑用量等條件。 實(shí)驗(yàn) 雙波長(zhǎng)法測(cè)定混合顏色液中的單色素 一、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆针p波長(zhǎng)法測(cè)定混合顏色液中的單色素及分光光度計(jì)的操作使用。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理雙波長(zhǎng)測(cè)定法是在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)用兩個(gè)不同波長(zhǎng)的光束交替照射同一樣品液。其中一個(gè)波長(zhǎng)為測(cè)定波長(zhǎng),另一個(gè)為參比波長(zhǎng)。并由檢測(cè)器測(cè)出兩波長(zhǎng)下樣品液的吸光度差值A(chǔ),A與被測(cè)物質(zhì)的濃度成正比。若被測(cè)物中含有某種干擾物,但干擾物的最大吸收峰波長(zhǎng)與被測(cè)物的最大吸收波長(zhǎng)之間相差30nm以上,則可用作
23、圖法求出適當(dāng)?shù)臏y(cè)參比波長(zhǎng)對(duì),以消除干擾組分的影響。三、儀器與試劑 1. 儀器:分光光度計(jì)(帶自動(dòng)掃描功能) 500mL容量瓶 2個(gè) 10mL或50mL容量瓶 12個(gè) 5mL刻度移液管 4支2. 試劑:胭脂紅貯備液:500mg/kg 日落黃貯備液:500 mg/kg 檸檬黃儲(chǔ)備液:500 mg/kg 準(zhǔn)確稱取50mg各色素,用水溶解并稀釋至100mL。四、波長(zhǎng)對(duì)選擇操作1. 在6個(gè)50mL容量瓶中分別加入0.20,0.50, 1.00,2.00, 3.00,4.00mL胭脂紅貯備液,在另6個(gè)容量瓶中分別加入0.20,0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 3.00,4.00mL日落黃貯備液,分別用蒸
24、餾水稀釋至刻度。2. 將上述兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)系列溶液在分光光度計(jì)上掃描,作A光譜掃描曲線,在圖上按照作圖法原理,在胭脂紅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色素溶液最大吸收波長(zhǎng)處作橫軸的垂線與日落黃的光譜曲線交于一點(diǎn),再過(guò)這一點(diǎn)作橫軸的平行線與日落黃的光譜曲線相交于另一點(diǎn), 得到胭脂紅的測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)測(cè)1與參比波長(zhǎng)參比1。然后在日落黃色素最大吸收波長(zhǎng)處作橫軸的垂線與胭脂紅色素的光譜曲線交于一點(diǎn),再過(guò)這一點(diǎn)作橫軸的平行線與胭脂紅的光譜曲線相交于另一點(diǎn),得到日落黃的測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)測(cè)2與參比波長(zhǎng)參比2。多選擇幾對(duì)波長(zhǎng),按公式A1/A2 =K1LC/K2LC = K1/K2 = K, 計(jì)算每組K值,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差與變異系數(shù),選出變異系數(shù)小于3%的測(cè)定參比波長(zhǎng)
25、對(duì)。五、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制在選擇的波長(zhǎng)對(duì)下,以水為參比調(diào)零,把上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液重新測(cè)量一次,分別記下這兩組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)色素溶液A值,分別作ACS曲線圖。六、樣品測(cè)定準(zhǔn)確吸取混和顏色樣液2.0mL入50mL容量瓶中,用水稀釋至刻度。按所選定的測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)和參比波長(zhǎng),在分光光度計(jì)上測(cè)得相應(yīng)色素的A,然后分別從兩種物質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線上找出相對(duì)應(yīng)的濃度。按下式計(jì)算結(jié)果:XX色素(mg/kg) CX×V定 / m×V取式中: CX標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線上查得的色素濃度,mg/kg; V定樣液定容體積,mL; V取吸取樣液體積,mL;m 樣品的質(zhì)量,g。Determination of Single Pigment in
26、Mixed Color Liquid by Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometry1. Purpose of the ExperimentTo grasp the dual wavelength method for determination of single pigment from mixed color as well as master the operating technique of spectrophotometer.2. Experimental PrincipleDual-wavelength method is the one which
27、uses two light beams of different wavelengths to irradiate alternately the same sample solution at the same time. One wavelength acts as the detection wavelength, another as the reference wavelength. And the sample absorbance difference A of two wavelengths is measured by detector. A value is propor
28、tional to the concentration of measured material. If the measured material contains some chemicals but the difference between the maximum absorption wavelength of interferent and the one being measured is above 30nm, it is available for mapping method to calculate appropriate d - r wavelength pairs
29、to eliminate the interference of components effectively.3. Instruments and Reagents(1) Instruments: spectrophotometer (with automatic scanning function) 500mL volumetric flask 2 50mL volumetric flask 12 5mL pipette 4(2) Reagents: carmine stock solution: 500mg/kg sunset yellow stock solution: 500 mg/
30、kg; Lemon yellow liquid reserves: 500 mg/kg. Weigh accurately 50mg pigment, dissolved in water and diluted to 100mL.4. Wavelength Selection Operation(1) In the 6 50mL volumetric flask were added 0.20, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.00mL carmine stock solution, on the other 6 volumetric flask were added 0.20
31、, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.00mL sunset yellow stock solution, then diluted with distilled water to scale.(2) Scanning the two standard series of solution in the spectrophotometer, making A spectral scanning curve. On carmine spectral scanning curve, in accordance with the principle of drawing method,
32、draw a line perpendicular to horizontal axis at carmine pigment maximum absorption wavelength intersect with sunset yellow spectral scanning curve at one point, then from this point draw a horizontal axis parallel lines intersect with sunset yellow spectral curves at another point, so to get carmine
33、 measuring wavelengthm1 and the reference wavelengthr1. Draw a line perpendicular to horizontal axis at sunset yellow pigment maximum absorption wavelength intersect with spectral scanning curve of carmine at one point, then from this point draw a horizontal axis parallel lines intersect sunset carm
34、ine spectral curves at another point, so to get measuring wavelengthm2 and the reference wavelengthr2.of sunset yellow pigment. Choose a few wavelength pairs, according to the formula A1/A2 = =K1LC/K2LC = K1/K2 = K, calculate each pairs K value, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Selec
35、t the right measuring wavelength and reference wavelength with coefficient of variation less than 3%.5. Preparing Standard Curve With water as the reference zero, measure those standard solution at the selected wavelength pair one time again. Write down the absorbance values of two sets of standard
36、color solution respectively, draw A CS standard curve separately.6. Sample DeterminationAccurately suck up mixed color sample liquid 2.0mL into 50mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to scale.At the selected measuring wavelength m and reference wavelength r measure the A values of two kind of pigm
37、ents by means of spectrophotometer, respectively. Then find out the concentration of pigments from corresponding standard curves. Calculate the results according to the fomula.XX pigment (mg/kg) = CX ×Vc / m × VdCX: pigment concentration checked from standard curve -, mg/kg;Vc constant vol
38、ume of sample, mL;Vd - volume of sample used for detection, mL;m-tm the mass of samples , g。實(shí)驗(yàn) 絡(luò)合物組成的測(cè)定一、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康恼莆沼梅止夤舛确ù_定金屬絡(luò)合物的組成。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理金屬絡(luò)合物的組成常用分光光度法來(lái)測(cè)定。測(cè)定的方法主要有等摩爾比法、連續(xù)變化法和斜率比法,本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用前兩種方法。設(shè)陽(yáng)離子M2與配位體X反應(yīng),生成有色絡(luò)離子的反應(yīng)式如下:M2 nX =MXn2求出n就可定出絡(luò)離子的化學(xué)式。1等摩爾比法: 使金屬離子濃度保持恒定,而配位體濃度逐步遞增,在絡(luò)合物最大波長(zhǎng)處,測(cè)定一系列不同絡(luò)合組成的溶液的
39、吸光度,繪制吸光度(配位體)/(金屬離子)比率的曲線,如圖371所示,延伸線段交點(diǎn)決定了這一比值。圖371 等摩爾比法 圖372連續(xù)變化法2連續(xù)變化法: 將金屬離子和配位體的總摩爾數(shù)保持恒定,而變化它們的摩爾比,將吸光度對(duì)摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)作圖,見(jiàn)圖372。兩條延伸線的交點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的橫坐標(biāo)數(shù)值,即為絡(luò)合物的組分比。三、儀器及試劑 1. 儀器:722S分光光度計(jì),2mL、5mL、10mL刻度移液管,25mL或50mL容量瓶。2.試劑: 1)10-3M鄰菲啰啉:準(zhǔn)確稱取0.0928g AR鄰菲啰啉溶于少量水中,轉(zhuǎn)移至1000mL容量瓶中,用水稀釋至刻度。(若配制500mL,則稱取0.0464g)2)10-3M
40、Fe2:準(zhǔn)確稱取0.2780g AR級(jí)硫酸亞鐵溶于少量水中,加1mL濃硫酸抑制水解,將溶液轉(zhuǎn)入1000mL容量瓶中,用水稀釋至刻度。(若配制500mL,則稱取0.1390g )3)1M醋酸鈉 (250mL) 4)10鹽酸羥胺 (100mL)四、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法 1. 等摩爾比法 用移液管按下表于25mL容量瓶中配制混和液,用蒸餾水稀釋至刻度,搖勻,靜置10min后,在508nm處用1cm比色皿,以水為參比測(cè)定樣液的吸光度。作AV鄰/V Fe2比曲線。求絡(luò)合物組成。序號(hào)0.25M醋酸-醋酸鈉(mL)10鹽酸羥胺(mL)10-3M Fe2(mL)10-3M鄰菲啰啉(mL)12.01.02.00.022.0
41、1.02.02.032.01.02.04.042.01.02.06.052.01.02.08.062.01.02.010.072.01.02.012.082.01.02.016.02. 連續(xù)變化法用移液管按下表于25mL容量瓶中配制混和液,用蒸餾水稀釋至刻度,搖勻,靜置10min后,在508nm處用1cm比色皿,以水為參比測(cè)定吸光度。作A鄰菲啰啉摩爾分?jǐn)?shù)曲線,從兩條切線的相交點(diǎn)的位置對(duì)應(yīng)的橫坐標(biāo)數(shù)字確定絡(luò)合物的化學(xué)式。序號(hào)0.25M醋酸-醋酸鈉(mL)10鹽酸羥胺(mL)10-3M Fe2(mL)10-3M鄰菲啰啉(mL)12.01.00.010.022.01.01.09.032.01.02.
42、08.042.01.03.07.052.01.04.06.062.01.05.05.072.01.06.04.082.01.07.03.092.01.08.02.0102.01.09.01.0112.01.010.00.0五、結(jié)果與討論 根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)算出結(jié)果,撰寫試驗(yàn)報(bào)告。實(shí)驗(yàn)三十八 復(fù)合膨松劑的配制及應(yīng)用檢驗(yàn)復(fù)合膨松劑廣泛用于非發(fā)酵類食品的膨松,如各類餅干的膨松。蛋糕與一些不發(fā)酵的包子、饅頭等也都要使用膨松劑。目前市面上常見(jiàn)的膨松粉一般為較簡(jiǎn)單的膨松劑體系,而現(xiàn)代工廠使用的都是復(fù)合膨松劑。復(fù)合膨松劑具有產(chǎn)氣量大,反應(yīng)速度易于控制,反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物不影響食品品質(zhì)等優(yōu)點(diǎn);一種設(shè)計(jì)好的膨松劑,可簡(jiǎn)化食品工
43、藝,提高食品質(zhì)量。一、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康? 掌握測(cè)定酸性膨松劑的中和值的方法;2 掌握配制復(fù)合膨松劑的基本原理;3 了解復(fù)合膨松劑應(yīng)用。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容1測(cè)定酸性膨松劑的中和值;2配制一種復(fù)合膨松劑;3復(fù)合膨松劑的應(yīng)用檢驗(yàn)。三、主要儀器與試劑儀器:電子天平、100mL燒杯、量筒(100mL)、三角瓶(250mL)、堿式滴定管、研缽試劑:酚酞指示劑、鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀、NaOH、NaHCO3、淀粉、酒石酸氫鉀、Ca(H2PO4)2、面粉。四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟(一) 測(cè)定酸性膨松劑酒石酸氫鉀、Ca(H2PO4)2的中和值。中和值的定義:以重量為單位,中和100份酸性鹽所需要的NaHCO3的份數(shù)。1.配制500mL的0.1
44、mol/l的NaOH標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液2.用鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀標(biāo)定NaOH標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液準(zhǔn)確稱取鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀0.4g左右,放入三角瓶中,加2030mL蒸餾水溶液,再加23滴酚酞指示劑,直接用NaOH溶液滴定,根據(jù)鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀的重量(m鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀)及消耗的NaOH的體積(V1NaOH),計(jì)算出NaOH的準(zhǔn)確濃度(CNaOH)。計(jì)算公式:CNaOH=m鄰苯二甲酸氫鉀÷(204.23×V1NaOH)×10003.滴定酒石酸氫鉀,測(cè)定其中和值。準(zhǔn)確稱取酒石酸氫鉀0.2g左右,放入三角瓶中,加2030mL蒸餾水溶液,再加23滴酚酞指示劑,直接用已標(biāo)定的NaOH標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定,根據(jù)酒石酸氫
45、鉀的重量(m酒石酸氫鉀)及消耗的NaOH的體積(V2NaOH),計(jì)算出酒石酸氫鉀的中和值M酒石酸氫鉀。M酒石酸氫鉀的計(jì)算公式:M酒石酸氫鉀CNaON×V2NaOH×84.01÷1000×100÷m酒石酸氫鉀上式中:84.01NaHCO3的分子量4. 準(zhǔn)確稱取Ca(H2PO4)20.12g左右,放入三角瓶中,加2030mL蒸餾水溶液,略微加熱,使之充分溶解,再加23滴酚酞指示劑,直接用已標(biāo)定的NaOH標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定,根據(jù)Ca(H2PO4)2的重量(mCa(H2PO4)2)及消耗的NaOH的體積(V3NaOH),計(jì)算出Ca(H2PO4)2的中和值M
46、Ca(H2PO4)2。M Ca(H2PO4)2的計(jì)算公式:M Ca(H2PO4)2CNaON×V3NaOH×84.01÷1000×100÷m Ca(H2PO4)2上式中:84.01NaHCO3的分子量(二) 復(fù)合膨松劑的配制復(fù)合膨松及的基本成分是NaHCO3、酸性膨松劑、淀粉及少量防凍結(jié)塊試劑。配制時(shí)首先應(yīng)確定NaHCO3的量,一般NaHCO3的量為復(fù)合膨松總重量的2535,然后根據(jù)所用酸性膨松劑的中和值確定酸性膨松劑的用量。最后加入適當(dāng)?shù)牡矸奂捌渌镔|(zhì)。例:確定配方中用30的NaHCO3,還有酸性膨松劑的復(fù)合膨松劑的配方。僅舉二例。 單用一種
47、酸性膨松劑,如:酒石酸氫鉀,該試劑中和值為50。則:50g NaHCO3 相當(dāng)于 100g 酒石酸鉀1g NaHCO3 相當(dāng)于 2g 酒石酸鉀1 NaHCO3相當(dāng)于 2 酒石酸鉀30 NaHCO3相當(dāng)于 60 酒石酸鉀該配方是: NaHCO3 30% 酒石酸氫鉀 60 其它 10 兩種酸性膨松劑并用。如同時(shí)用酒石酸氫鉀與磷酸二氫鈣(中和值88)。這種情況要考慮兩種酸性膨松劑酸的比例關(guān)系,如果兩種酸性膨松劑各中和一半的NaHCO3,則可計(jì)算如下:所需酒石酸氫鉀:10050×15%=30%(15%為中和的NaHCO3的百分?jǐn)?shù))所需磷酸二氫鈣:10088×1517該配方是: Na
48、HCO3 30 酒石酸氫鉀 30 磷酸二氫鈣 17 其它 23本次實(shí)驗(yàn)配制復(fù)合膨松劑的要求如下: 每組設(shè)計(jì)1種復(fù)合膨松劑配方。 NaHCO3的用量為30。 用兩種酸性膨松劑,按分別中和NaHCO3501:1比例,或者其他比例設(shè)計(jì)。 每種配方各配制15.0g,先計(jì)算好后,再準(zhǔn)確稱量。 其它就只用淀粉。 各種試劑要充分研碎,使之便于分散。(三) 復(fù)合膨松劑的應(yīng)用檢驗(yàn):1.每組稱取300g面粉,將復(fù)合膨松劑15.0g分別加入到面粉中,攪拌均勻,用適量的370C溫水活化1.5g干酵母10分鐘,再緩慢加加入面粉中進(jìn)行和面,揉勻,放置發(fā)酵培養(yǎng)箱(溫度370C,濕度80%)中3小時(shí)左右,最后將面團(tuán)做成饅頭、包子等食品,放入鋁鍋內(nèi)蒸熟(上氣后約20分鐘),拿出進(jìn)行比較并感官評(píng)價(jià)。3. 感官評(píng)價(jià)請(qǐng)10位同學(xué),采用10分制,加權(quán)數(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)者可自行設(shè)定,對(duì)使用二種復(fù)合膨松劑生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行感官評(píng)價(jià)。感官評(píng)價(jià)表如下。指標(biāo)總得分平均分加權(quán)數(shù)加
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