中央電大開放英語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí) 含義 過(guò)去的過(guò)去Now過(guò)去完成時(shí)=過(guò)去時(shí)+完成時(shí)構(gòu)成had + 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have +過(guò)去分詞 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+had + not+過(guò)去分詞. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞? 肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+had. 否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+had not . 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞）？ 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+had（hadnt) + been+過(guò)去分詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) before, by the time, until , whe

2、n, after, once, as soon as 用法 （1 1）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)）表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即作，也可以說(shuō)過(guò)去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 可以用byby, beforebefore等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作來(lái)表示，還可能通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。 例如： By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來(lái)的圖片

3、。 By the time I got to the station, the bus had left already. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站的時(shí)候，車已經(jīng)離開了。I had never seen this kind of trees before I came to Paris. 在我來(lái)巴黎之前，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這種樹。（2 2）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延）表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 常和常和for, sincefor, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如： I had been at the bus sto

4、p for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 當(dāng)車來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他說(shuō)自從1949年以來(lái)他就在那家工廠工作。 （3 3）敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過(guò)，在已敘述了過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前去發(fā)生的事情后，反過(guò)來(lái)追述或補(bǔ)述以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，常使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of m

5、ine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didnt know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我對(duì)動(dòng)詞一無(wú)所知，因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有好好學(xué)習(xí)功課。 （4 4）在含有）在含有定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用果敘述的是過(guò)去的事，先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已歸還了我借的書。 She found the key that she had lost. 她

6、丟失的鑰匙找到了。 （5 5）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在）過(guò)去完成時(shí)常常用在told, said told, said ，knew, knew, heard, thoughtheard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句（或間接引（或間接引語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)語(yǔ)）中，這時(shí)從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句表示的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前。去的動(dòng)作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他說(shuō)他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6 6）

7、 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過(guò)在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 如when, before, after, as soon，as, till/until引導(dǎo)的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)時(shí)雨已停了。 She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺(jué)。 （7 7）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞think, want, hope, mean, plan,

8、 intendthink, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意的想法，希望，打算或意圖等圖等。 例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他們本來(lái)打算去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 我們本來(lái)希望能來(lái)看看你。 （8 8）過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在）過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可用在hardlywhen, no hardlywhen, no s

9、oonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) soonerthan, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)time (that)等固定句型中。等固定句型中。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 Hardwhen. 一就例如： He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。 注意：注意：

10、把把 hardly hardly 提前，須倒裝提前，須倒裝 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No soonerthan 一 就 He had no sooner arrived than he went away again. 他剛到就又走了。注意：注意：No sooner No sooner 提前，要倒裝提前，要倒裝 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. It was the third time that he had been ou

11、t of work that year. 這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。 1.-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read-Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I _the book, so I already knew the story?A. was reading B. had read

12、 C. am reading D. have read答案：答案：B. B. 考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)：本題考查時(shí)態(tài)用法。解析：解析：句意為“我看過(guò)書了，已知道這個(gè)故事”。在“knew”前已看過(guò)，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2.I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will doI was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone it. Was it you?A. has done B. had do

13、ne C. would do D. will do答案：答案：B考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。解析：解析：該空動(dòng)作發(fā)生在was just going to cut之前，即表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“我正要剪切我的薔薇叢但（發(fā)現(xiàn)）有人已經(jīng)將它剪切了。是你干的嗎？”3.Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had

14、been D. will be Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be 選C. 考查時(shí)態(tài)題. 我們?nèi)ズ＿叞l(fā)生在過(guò)去. 而我們忙于工作在此之前. 因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí). 4.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciat

15、e what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doingIt took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing答案：答案：A考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn):本題考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。解析：解析：整個(gè)句子時(shí)態(tài)用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，我能夠表示感謝就已經(jīng)是過(guò)去，而他們對(duì)我的幫助則是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。因此選A。5The hotel wasnt parti

16、cularly good，but Iin many worse hotels.A.was stayingB.stayedC.would stayD.had stayed答案 D解析 由句中的worse可知該句是表達(dá)比較的含義，故本題句意應(yīng)為:這家旅館并不特別好，但是我住過(guò)比它更差的旅館。由于“The hotel wasnt particularly good”中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以stay這一動(dòng)作應(yīng)發(fā)生在描述情況之前，故須用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。The hotel wasnt particularly good，but Iin many worse hotels.A.was stayingB.s

17、tayedC.would stayD.had stayed6.(We first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that weeach other for years.A.knewB.have knownC.had knownD.knowWe first met on a train in 2000.We both felt immediately that weeach other for years.A.knewB.have knownC.had knownD.know答案 C解析 句意為：我們于2000年在火車上第一次相遇

18、。我們兩人都立刻覺(jué)得我們好像已認(rèn)識(shí)了好多年。that從句中know的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞felt之前，因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。7.()They became friends again that day. Until then， theyto each other for nearly two years.A.didnt speakB.hadnt spokenC.havent spokenD.havent been speakingThey became friends again that day. Until then， theyto each other for nearly

19、 two years.A.didnt speakB.hadnt spokenC.havent spokenD.havent been speaking答案 B解析 到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止所完成的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。8.()Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes，he did.Hehis old friends for a long time.A.didnt seeB.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seenD.hadnt seenDid Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?Yes，he did.Hehis old friends for a long time.A.didnt seeB.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seenD.hadnt seen答案 D解析 for a long time與完成時(shí)連用，且前一句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。9.() At the end