2021屆北京市清華大學(xué)中學(xué)生標(biāo)準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試高三11月測試英語試題(解析版)

1、中學(xué)生標(biāo)準學(xué)術(shù)能力診斷性測試2020年11月測試英語試卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分） 第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并 在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAutumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound.The following are four European adventures to walk your wa

2、y through autumn.The unknown CilentoSouth of Italys Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland.After stoppmg to view die marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestuni Sherpas next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park first following its rugged seashore past the occasional myr

3、tle grove （小樹 林）.and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval （中世紀的） hilltop towns.Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside.Four nights 630 half board, including transport, luggage t

4、ransfers and walking notes.Last departure October 31.TYirkish delightsFollow an impressive section of Turkeys expansive Lyciaii Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastluie.Yoifll begm in pme-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boastiiig upscale hotel and

5、one of the Yanartas regions ever-buming flames - possibly fueled by a monster below.A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse.Six nights 790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walk

6、ing notes.Last departure in early November.Carpathian clambersPoland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries.Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, l

7、ower-altitude options, and youll likely meet theGorals a culturally-distinct group known as luglilanders,.Most memorable activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica.Seven nights 630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October

8、 24.Flowers and fetaGreeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the Land of the Centaurs （人首馬身的怪物） for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through olive

9、groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea.Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.Seven nights 535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 23. 1. What can you do when yo

10、u are in the unknown Cilento?A. Swim in a pool.B. Have a spa.C. Explore medieval towns.D. Walk through olive groves.2. Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?A. Turkey.B. Cilento.C. GreeceD. Krakow.3. Which of the following is tnie according to the pass

11、age?A. It is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.B. Meals are free when you are taking the first adventure.C. You can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.D. Bean soup can be served in die pub of Greeces Pelion Peninsula.【答案】l.c 2.A 3.D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了秋天的四個歐洲之旅?！?題詳解】細自理解題

12、o 根據(jù) The unknown Cilento 部分leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval （中世紀的）hilltop towns.”可知，把現(xiàn)代化拋住腦后，去內(nèi)陸的中世紀山頂城鎮(zhèn)冒 險。由此可知，在unknown Cilento可以探索中世紀的城鎮(zhèn)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù) Turkish delights 部分Last departure in early November.、（最后一次出發(fā)在 十一月初），其他幾個線路最后一次出發(fā)的時間都在十月份，所以如果打算在十月份后去歐洲旅行，最好選擇的目的地是“

13、Turkish delights”，也就是土耳其，故選A。3題詳解】細打理解題 o 根據(jù) Flowers and feta 部分“Greeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the Land of the Centaurs (人首馬身的怪物) for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids”(希臘佩利翁半島是一個被稱為“人首馬身的怪物之地”的地方，因為它與神話中 的 馬人混 血兒有關(guān))和Some days yield swimming oppommities, and ot

14、liers the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.(有些日子有游泳的機會，有 些日子則有機會在當(dāng)?shù)氐木瓢衫锖榷箿⒊匝蛉槔颐姘?，可知D選項“希臘佩利翁半島的 酒吧可以供應(yīng)豆湯”這一表述正確，故選D。BLou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerfill hitter kno7rli as The Iron Horse二

15、Gelirig was a strong, tougli and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young.As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work.However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started

16、playing for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995.Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and

17、 cooperation ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.After his speech, the crowd stoo

18、d and clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field*. Gelirig died two years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as Lou Ge

19、hrig s disease . The Lou Gelirig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exlubits Gehrig s integrity and character.4. When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?A. in 1903.B. in 1923.C. in 1939.D. in 1940.5. are the audience for Lous speech?A. His family.B. His friend

20、s.C. His opponents.D. Hissupporters.6. Why is the illness known as Lou Gehrigs disease ?A. Lou Gehrig named the disease.B. This disease is related to playing baseball.C. People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig.D. The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.7. What word can be

21、st describe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?A. Determined and persistent.B. Emotional and patient.C. Wealthy and humorous.D. Gentle and generous.【答案】4.C5.D6.C7. A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了著名棒球運動員LouGehrig,包括他的家庭背景、在棒球領(lǐng)域 的成就和以及對人們的影響等?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句中“at die age of 36”和最后一句He delivered his farewell-to

22、-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium: （同年7月4日，他在洋基球場向他的隊友和球迷發(fā)表了告別棒球的演講。）可知 Lou Gehrig 演講時是 36 歲,再由一段第一句中 “Lou Gehrig （1903-1941）” 可知,Lou Gehrig 出生于1903年，他36歲時，應(yīng)該是1939年。故選C項?！?題詳解】細門理解題。由第二段最后一句He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his

23、teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.（同年 7 月 4 日，他在洋基球場向 他的隊友和球迷發(fā)表了告別棒球的演講可知，Lou Gehrig演講時的觀眾是他的隊友和球 迷，這些人都是他的支持者。故選D項?！?題詳解】細 ij理解題 由第三段第三、四句Gehng died two years later of the disease.Tliis increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is sti

24、ll commonly known as *Lou Gelirig,sdisease （兩年后，Gehrig死于這種疾病。這提高了人們對這種疾病及其癥狀的認識：在北美，（現(xiàn)在）它仍然通常被稱為“盧伽雷氏病” 。）可知，Gehrig之死，提高了人們對這種病的認識，所以人們開始了解這種疾病是由于Lou Gehrig。故選C項?！?題詳解】 推理判斷題。由第一段第二、三句He was a powerfill hitter known as The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man.（他是一位被稱為“鐵馬”的強力擊球手

25、。格里克 是一個強壯、堅強、道德高尚的人。）以及 “However, he never let his tough start hold him back.M（然而，他從未讓艱難的開始阻礙他）可以推斷，他是個意志堅強，堅持不懈的人。A項“堅 定且堅持不懈”符合題意。故選A項。We know that the pandemic（流行病）has had a far-reaching impact on our minds so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental hea

26、lth professionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffectcd.Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another/ He added. On one hand, a person wi

27、tli social anxiety may feci relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending time with. meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety

28、 about socializing in any form.Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly.Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”Dr Daria J.Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: Following th

29、e lockdown, people in tins country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry.They may not be comfortable being expected to be social again, especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wro

30、ng questions as tliey are remtegratmg into their offline social lives. Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also have a negative impact on people with social anxiety.She says “For some people with social anxiety,

31、 coinmumcation by media can be even harder than communication in person.We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which we communicate and that we rely on body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behmd words to convey our thoughts and feelings/5When it

32、comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation contmues to shift. Dr.Kuss says I reconmieiid bemg open and honest with their social environments. Friends and family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly.Engaging in focused breathing and relaxati

33、on may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort.Finally, negative thinking (e g./ I dont know what to say ) may be replaced witli positive ones (e g./I am good enough and My friends want to see me)”8. Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?A. There is no one

34、disturbing their life.B. There is no need for them to socialize.C. They have increased their self-confidence.D. People can no longer communicate with each other.9. What does the underlined word mean in the third paragraph?A. Stimulate.B. Relieve.C. Begin.D.Develop.10. What can be the good advice for

35、 those with social anxiety during the lockdown?A. Stay at home alone.B. Communicate online.C. Open heart to strangers.D. Take a positive attitude.11. What can we leam from the passage?A. Stay with safe people can bring more confidence.B. Lockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiety.C. Fo

36、r people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.D. It is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.【答案】8.B9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了流行性疾病對人們生活方方面而的影響，尤其是患社交焦慮 的人們在防范禁閉期的感受?！?題詳解】細行理解題。根據(jù)第一段中,On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel relie,ed

37、that they no longer have to socialize m person.可知，一方而，患有社交焦慮癥的人可能會因為不再 需要親自參加社交活動而感到輕松o故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift（當(dāng)防范禁閉形勢繼續(xù)變化時，患社交焦慮 癥的人們可以做什么來讓自己感覺好些呢）和“Finally, negative tliuiking （eg,

38、I dont know what to say） may be replaced with positive ones （e.g./l am good enough and My friends want to seeme（最后，消極的想法（例如，“我不知道該說什么可能會被枳極的想法（例如，“我足夠好”和“ 我的朋友想要見我）所取代。可知，呼吸和放松也可以幫助緩解憂慮和不適的感覺，故所以 劃線詞的意思是“緩解”。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中 4kWhen it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel be

39、tter as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says I recommend bemg open and honest with their social environments.Finally, negative thinking （e.g., “I dont know what to say） may be replaced with positive ones （e.g., “I am good enough , and My friends want to see me ）. （當(dāng)防范禁閉形勢繼續(xù)變化時，患社交

40、焦慮癥的人們可以做什么來讓自己感覺好些呢，Kuss 博士說，“我建議對自己所處的社會環(huán)境保持開放和誠實的態(tài)度。最后，消極的想法（例如，“我不知道該說什么）可能會被積極的想法（例如，“我足夠好”和“我的朋友想要見我”） 所取代。由此判斷出，對那些在禁閉期間有社交焦慮的人的建議是采取一種積極的態(tài)度。故 選D。【11題詳解】細 h.理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious i

41、n one way, and yet a relief in another（咨詢服務(wù)目錄人員Beverley Blackman說，“對那些患社交焦慮的人們來說，防范 禁閉期一方面會讓他們感覺到深深地焦慮，另一方面也會讓他們感到放松”。）可知，防范 禁閉期對他們來說有好也有壞，是一把雙刃劍，故選C。DMost of the 500 whales stranded （擱淺）off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australias largest ever mass stranding

42、.Tlie estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that inimber dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group.Officials began working to rescue survivors among an estimated 270 wha

43、les found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among the 380 whales that have d

44、ied overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Nfr Deka. Wildlife Service manager explained. He added/Well continue to work to free as many of the anmials as we canMbll contmue working as long as there are ln-e an

45、imals：It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded again. About a third of the fir

46、st group had died by Monday evening.Australias largest mass straiidmg had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dnnsborough in 1996.This week s mcident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009.Marine Conservation Programme wildlife biologist K

47、ris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors.She explained, They do have a very strong social

48、 system; these anmials are closely bonded and thats why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to retiirn back to the group、they might hear the sounds tliat the others are making, or theyre just disoriented and,

49、in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases dont know where they are. she added.12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A. 270 whales were rescued on Monday.B. 380 whales were found dead on Tuesday.C. 500 whales were found stranded and dead.D. 2

50、00 whales spotted from a helicopter were dead.13. Why did Kris Carlyon say this event is the biggest in Australia?A. Rescue work is not done in time.B. The nuinber of the death is large.C. The cause of the event is still a mystery.D. There was no other similar event in recent years.14. Which of the

51、following is Not the cause of the stranding of the whales?A Navigational errors.B. Overhuntine of the human beings.C. Whales group living style.D. Whales confiision and exliaustion.15. Where does this passage possibly come from?A. A newspaper.B. A magazine.C. A textbook.D. A travelbrochure.【答案】12,D1

52、3. B 14. B 15. A【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞島發(fā)現(xiàn)的一次大規(guī)模的鯨魚擱淺事件并 分析了鯨魚擱淺可能存在的原因?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第段“Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres （six miles） to the south. All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon”（周三，在距離南極不到10公里的地方，一架直升機發(fā)現(xiàn)了 200頭鯨魚，截止下

53、午 晚些時候，所有這200頭鯨魚都已確認死亡。）可知從直升機上發(fā)現(xiàn)的200頭鯨魚已死亡， 故選D?！?3題詳解】細 W理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Manne Conservation Programme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died ”（海洋保護項目野生動物生物學(xué)家Kris Carlyon說，就擱淺和死亡的數(shù)量而言，最近這 次擱淺是澳大利亞最大規(guī)模的一次。）可知，本次事件成

54、為澳大利亞最大的鯨魚擱淺事件的 原因是死亡數(shù)量之大，故選B。【14題詳解】細打理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors. She explained. They do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and thats why we h

55、ave seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or tlieyre just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhau

56、sted that tliey in some cases don,t know where tliey are/ she added（海洋科學(xué)家瓦內(nèi)薩皮羅塔說，鯨 魚可能會擱淺的原因有很多，包括航海錯誤。她解釋說：“它們確實有一個非常強大的社會 體系：這些動物是緊密結(jié)合在一起的，這就是為什么我們在這個案例中看到了這么多不幸的 例子情況。救援它們并不總是湊效，因為它們想回到團隊中，它們可能會聽到其他人發(fā)出的 聲音，或者他們只是迷失方向，在這種情況下，壓力非常大，可能是因為太累了，有時候甚 至不知道自己在哪里。）可知，導(dǎo)航誤差、群居習(xí)慣以及困惑和疲憊都是鯨魚摑淺的可能原 因，而文中并沒有提到人類

57、的過度捕撈，故選B.【15題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞島發(fā)現(xiàn)的一次大規(guī)模的鯨 魚擱淺事件，是一件時事新聞報道，最有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙上，故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩 項為多余選項。Gomg on holiday doesnt have to be bad for the environment, and there are still plenty of ways in which you can have a much-deserved break without ha

58、rming the environment.Forget PlanesWhile most forms of transport produce carbon dioxide, one of the gasses responsible for global warming,planes have a massive carbon footprint because of the huge number of miles they travel. 16 Theres so much to see and do in die UK yet most of us overlook the endless possibilities.There the unparalleled beauty of die Cornish coast and the Peak and Lake District.Enjoy the history of a stunning Welsh castle, try boating on the Norfolk Broads or ride the