焊接專業(yè)英語教案--機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社_1

1、沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語 授課對象：焊接技術(shù)與工程材料成型及控制工程（焊接）主講人 張文明編寫時間2009.1沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語 編寫時間：2009年1月20日授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of WeldingModule 1 What Is Welding目的要求介紹焊接的定義及焊接的發(fā)展過程。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解與焊接相關(guān)的一些基本知識，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)Welding techniques， welding development 教案內(nèi)容： Welding techniques h

2、ave become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding.” 目前，焊接技術(shù)應(yīng)用非常廣泛，以至于很難給“焊接”下一定義。Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion，”that is，by melting，but this definition will no longer do以前，焊接是指“通過熔化連接金屬”，但這個定義不合適了。Even though fusion methods are still the most common，they

3、 are not always used即使熔化焊仍然是最常用的方法，但也有不通過熔化焊接的。Welding was next defined as the“joining of metals by heat，” but this is no longer a proper definition either. 后來焊接被定義為“通過加熱連接金屬”，但這個定義也不合適，Not only metals can be welded，so can many of the plastics不僅能夠焊接金屬，許多塑料也可以被焊接。Furthermore，several welding methods d

4、o not require heat，such as cold pressure welding而且，許多焊接方法不再需要加熱了，如冷壓焊。Besides，we can weld with sound and even with light from the famous laser此外，可用聲能焊接，甚至可用大家都知道的激光來焊接。Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year，we must adopt the following definition of welding：“welding is t

5、he joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices”課程引入define “welding.”？時間安排：課程引入5minNew words10min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30min本課總結(jié)5min第1次第1頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）面對逐年增加的各種各樣的焊接方法，我們有必要采用下面的焊接定義：“焊接是不用緊固裝置而連接金屬和塑料的方法?！盩he joining of metals by methods that do not employ fastening devices is

6、 an art as old as blacksmithing不需要緊固裝置的金屬連接方式鍛焊是一項(xiàng)古老的藝術(shù)。Nevertheless welding as a manufacturing process must be considered a development of the twentieth century不過，焊接作為一種制造方法則是在二十世紀(jì)發(fā)展起來的。In the 1880s carbon arc lamps were used for street lighting在十九世紀(jì)八十年代，碳弧燈被用于街道照明，At that time it was noted that th

7、e carbon arc lamp，like all lamps，produced more heat than light，and the first attempts were made to use this heat for welding metals當(dāng)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)碳弧燈和所有燈一樣能產(chǎn)生比光還多的熱量，因此首次嘗試將碳弧熱用于焊接金屬。Thus the first welding method of those still in use was carbon arc welding，perfected about the turn of the last century所以說碳弧焊是現(xiàn)

8、在使用的焊接方法的鼻祖，它在上個世紀(jì)初得到了完善。Stick electrodes and oxyacetylene welding also appeared about 1900大約在1900年出現(xiàn)了焊條和氧乙炔焊。Welding was generally used only for repair and maintenance until the 1920s在二十世紀(jì)二十年代以前，焊接只是用于維修。X-ray examination of welds came soon afterward and did much to develop confidence in welded joi

9、nts課堂提問Whats welding?Welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that donot employ fastening devices.第1次第2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）后來很快發(fā)明了焊縫的X射線探傷，增大了對焊接質(zhì)量的信心。The middle of the 20th century saw great development in welding as well as in other techniques在二十世紀(jì)中期，焊接技術(shù)也和其他技術(shù)一樣有了很大發(fā)展，It also gave us，among

10、 other things，inert gas welding 在其他技術(shù)發(fā)展的同時，也出現(xiàn)了惰性氣體保護(hù)焊。Since then welding has progressed at a tremendous rate從那時起，焊接就開始了飛速發(fā)展。It helps develop science and technology，including the electronic technique焊接促進(jìn)了科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，包括電子技術(shù)。At the same time，the technology of welding embraces a wide area同時，焊接技術(shù)包含了很廣的范圍。Ma

11、ny electronic circuits are required to control the more intricate welding machines控制更復(fù)雜的焊機(jī)就需要許多的電路，Even radio frequencies have their applications in welding，in induction brazing and the ultrasonic testing of welds即使高頻技術(shù)在焊接中也有所應(yīng)用、比如感應(yīng)釬焊和焊縫的超聲波探傷。Photography is also drawn into the scope of welding for

12、 X-ray and -ray photography is used in the examination of welded joints焊接還使用攝影技術(shù)，用X射線和射線照相技術(shù)檢驗(yàn)焊接接頭的質(zhì)量。Welding has made important contributions to the modernization of our national defence industry，such as the making of nuclear reactors and manmade earth satellites，for both are weldments課堂練習(xí)Why shall

13、 we say that the welding technology embraces a wide area?What characteristics does the submerged arc welding have?第1次第3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）焊接對我們現(xiàn)代的國防工業(yè)也做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，如核反應(yīng)堆和人造地球衛(wèi)星的制造，它們都是焊接件。On the other side of the coin，those products of the nuclear reactors，radioisotopeare familiar around welding shops in their

14、function of weld testing另一方面，核反應(yīng)堆、放射性同位素在焊接車間都是非常熟悉的，因?yàn)樵诤附釉囼?yàn)中經(jīng)常用到它們All these and other developments show that welding is no longer what it was in time past，the simple matter of running a bead with a gas flame or a stick electrode上面提到的這些技術(shù)和其他焊接新技術(shù)表明：焊接不再是過去那樣，用氣體火焰或一根焊條焊一道焊縫的簡單問題了。The operator of the

15、 modern automatic welder wears neither welding helmet nor goggles when welding the heavy-walled pressure vessel當(dāng)焊接厚壁壓力容器時，現(xiàn)代自動焊機(jī)的操作者即不需要戴焊帽也不需要戴護(hù)目鏡，But depositing weld metal is about fifteen times faster than by manual methods而且熔敷金屬量比手工方式快，大約是十五倍，His welding rods are the two larger coils of wire at

16、the top of the welding machine，and these are automatically fed into the weld填充的焊絲在焊機(jī)上兩個大的焊絲盤里，這些焊絲會自動的送進(jìn)焊縫。The arc is not visible in this method of welding，and so no helmet is required這種焊接方法看不見電弧，所以不用帶焊帽。課堂練習(xí)判斷對錯： At the beginning of the 20th century, welding was broadly applied in the industry.第1次第

17、4頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）The welding controls are grouped on the control panel to the immediate right of the operator焊接操作者通過焊機(jī)控制箱面板對焊接進(jìn)行控。This is the submerged arc welding，a commonly used welding method that can in an hour deposit weld metal equal in weight to that of the operator himself這就是埋弧焊，一種常用的焊接方法，它在一小時內(nèi)熔

18、敷的金屬量可以達(dá)到操作者本身的重量。At the opposite extreme is microwelding，in which the operator may need a microscope to see what he has welded另一個極端的焊接方法是顯微焊，在顯微焊中，操作者需要一個顯微鏡來觀察所焊的焊縫。Between these two extremes in size and welding capacity are perhaps five dozen other welding methods根據(jù)這兩種焊縫的尺寸和焊接能力，在這兩者之間，大約有60多種不同的

19、焊接方法New Wordsweld vt焊接 n焊接，焊縫versatile adj多方面的nowadays adj現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)今define vt給下定義formerly adj以前fusion n熔化，熔合melt v熔化課后作業(yè)New WordsReading Material 第1次第5頁沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語 編寫時間：2009年1月20日授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of Welding Module 2 Heat Treatment of Steel目的要求介紹鋼材熱處理的方法和工藝，使學(xué)生了解焊縫金屬熱處理的目的，掌握焊縫熱處理相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯

20、，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)hardening，tempering，and annealing教案內(nèi)容： Module 2 Heat Treatment of SteelThe welders must be familiar with how to heat treat metals焊工一定要熟悉金屬進(jìn)行熱處理。Heat treatment is a method by which the physical properties of a metal can be changed熱處理是一種改變金屬物理性能的方法。There are three main operations

21、 in the heat treatment of steel：hardening，tempering，and annealing鋼的熱處理主要有三種方法：淬火、回火和退火。The hardening operation consists of heating the steel above its critical range and then quenching it，that is，rapidly cooling it in a suitable medium such as water，brine，oil，or some other liquid淬火是將鋼加熱到臨界點(diǎn)溫度以上，然后使之

22、淬冷，即在一種合適的介質(zhì)如水、鹽水、油或某些其他液體中使鋼快速冷卻。Having been hardened，the metal must be given a tempering treatment which consists of reheating the hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range，thus producing the required physical properties鋼經(jīng)過淬火以后，必須進(jìn)行回火處理，即將淬硬的鋼重新加熱到臨界點(diǎn)溫度以下，從而獲得所要求的物理性能。Tempering is a

23、lso called drawing the temper，because this operation gives a steel object the temper being required回火也叫做韌性處理，因?yàn)榛鼗鹉軌蚴逛摼哂兴璧捻g性。課程回顧Weldingdefine Welding techniques， welding development課程引入Heat treatment is a method by which the physical properties of a metal can be changed時間安排：課程回顧和課程引入5minNew words10

24、min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30min本課總結(jié)5min第2次第1頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）The critical points or critical temperatures are the temperatures at which a certain change takes place in the physical condition of the steel臨界點(diǎn)或臨界溫度就是鋼的物理狀態(tài)發(fā)生某種改變時的溫度。These points are very important because，in order to properly harden a piece of steel，i

25、t must be heated to a temperature above the upper critical point這些點(diǎn)是很重要的，因?yàn)橐唁摯阌?，就必須把鋼加熱到上臨界點(diǎn)溫度以上。Having known the critical points for certain steel，we can easily control the heat in the furnace知道了某種鋼的臨界點(diǎn)，就很容易對爐子加熱溫度進(jìn)行控制。Gas，oil，and electric furnaces are the most commonly used for heat treating meta

26、l金屬熱處理最常用的爐子有氣爐、油爐和電爐。Annealing is the uniform heating of a metal above usual hardening temperatures，followed by very slow cooling退火通常是將金屬均勻加熱到淬火溫度以上，隨后緩慢冷卻。Annealing may be carried out either to soften a piece that is too hard to machine or to remachine a piece having been hardened 退火既可以使太硬而不能進(jìn)行機(jī)加工

27、的工件變軟，又可以對已經(jīng)被淬硬的工件進(jìn)行重新加工。 Annealing also relieves internal stresses produced by machining退火也可以消除由于機(jī)加工所產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。In welding，heat treatment usually refers to the post-welding introduction of heat to the weldment，to remove conditions brought about by the heat of welding課堂練習(xí)What methods are there in the he

28、at treatment of steel?第2次第2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）在焊接時，熱處理通常是指焊件在焊后的加熱，以消除焊接加熱所造成的影響。Welder n焊工，焊機(jī)Harden vt淬火，硬化temper v回火n回火，韌度anneal vt退火critical adj臨界的quench vt淬火，驟冷medium n介質(zhì)，媒介brine n鹽水upper adj上面的，較高方面的furnace n爐子uniform adj均勻的soften vt軟化remachine vt再加工relieve vt消除，減輕internal adj內(nèi)部的stress n應(yīng)力postwelding a

29、dj焊后的introduction n介紹，引人phrasesbe familiar with 熟悉，精通heat treatment 熱處理physical property 物理性能consist of 包括，由組成carry out 實(shí)現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行refer to 認(rèn)為，屬于，與.有關(guān)Reading Material Strengthening Mechanisms in Weld Metals課堂提問What are the critical temperatures of the steel?課后作業(yè)New WordsReading Material：Strengthening Mech

30、anisms in Weld Metals 第2次第3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語 編寫時間：2009年1月25日授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of Welding Module 3 Selection of Metals in Welding目的要求介紹焊接材料的焊接方法。通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解金屬焊接的一些基本知識，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)weldability，hardness，stiffness，and ductility教案內(nèi)容： Module 3 Selection of Metals in Weldin

31、g金屬材料的焊接TextMost of the seventy five or so metals in nature are used in industry，and about one-third of the metals are of interest welding自然界中大約有七十五種金屬，工業(yè)使用了大多數(shù)，其中大約有三分之一金屬與焊接有關(guān)。A use can always be found for the particular combination of properties represented by any metal任何具有特殊性能的金屬，總是可以找到用途的。Besid

32、es，the range of available metals has been greatly extended by alloying，and there is no limit to the number of alloys possible to be developed此外，可用的金屬的品種已經(jīng)通過合金化大大地增加了，而可能研制出來的合金的數(shù)目則是無窮無盡的。From the one metal iron，probably more than 25，000 alloys of steel are found to have been developed，although the u

33、ses of pure iron are very few in contrast to the vast range of purposes served by the many steel alloys雖然同許多合金鋼相比，純鐵本身的用途很少，但基于純鐵，已發(fā)展出25,000多種合金了。The basic characteristics that make the metals so very useful are their weldability，hardness，stiffness，and ductility(that is the property to be shaped eas

34、ily)使金屬如此有用的最基本的特性是它們的焊接性、硬度、剛性和塑性（即易于成形性能），課程回顧hardening，tempering，and annealing 課程引入Selection of Metals in Welding時間安排：課程回顧和課程引入5minNew words10min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30min本課總結(jié)5min第3次第1頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）These characteristics of metals are of great importance to a welder了解金屬的這些特性對焊工來講是非常重要的If he has some knowledg

35、e of them，he is certain to have his welding jobs done in a proper way焊工掌握金屬這些特性，才能用合適的方法進(jìn)行焊接。There is no such thing as an ideal metal，although nickel may be considered to have come closest不存在理想金屬，雖然鎳可以被認(rèn)為是最接近于理想金屬的。For a particular application ,the best selection is the metal that has the most favou

36、rable features . 對于特殊使用的金屬，最好選擇具有合適性能的材料， Probably the two most important characteristics to be considered are cost and weight金屬的成本和重量可能是兩個最重要的特性。Weight particularly has been paid greater attention to in recent years owing to the development of modem industries隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展，近年來重量尤其引人注意， It is for this p

37、urpose that aluminium and beryllium are used to make aircrafts and rockets正是由于鋁和鈹很輕，才用它們制造飛機(jī)和火箭。Cost must be balanced against other characteristics of the metal成本必須與金屬的其他特性相平衡， For example，it is possible to replace beryllium by metals of only a hundredth the cost，but such substitutes cannot match be

38、rylliums stiffness and strength，and the industries concerned may decide that the superiority of beryllium warrants the increased cost 課堂提問What basic characteristics do the metals have?第3次第2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）例如，用成本只為鈹?shù)陌俜种坏慕饘俅驸斒强赡艿?，但這種替代品的剛性和強(qiáng)度卻不能和鈹相比，因此相關(guān)的工業(yè)人士認(rèn)為鈹?shù)倪@種優(yōu)越性是值得花較高的成本的。For other applications，how

39、ever，beryllium is not in such a favour，and therefore is not considered as a metal to be required. 然而對于其他的應(yīng)用，鈹就不是這么有利的，因此也就不被認(rèn)為是符合要求的金屬了。New wordsindustry n工業(yè)particular adj特殊的，具體的combination n結(jié)合alloy v使成合金n.合金iron n鐵characteristic n特性weldability n焊接性hardness n硬度stiffness n剛性ductility n塑性nickel n鎳appl

40、ication n應(yīng)用，適用selection n選擇favourable adj有利的feature n特性，特aluminium n鋁Reading MaterialWeldment and a Joint課堂練習(xí)判斷對錯：The uses of pure iron are very few, but the uses of steel alloys are broadly.In modern industries, it is the cost to be the most important.（F）課后作業(yè)New WordsReading MaterialWeldment and a

41、Joint第3次第3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案課程名稱：焊接專業(yè)英語 編寫時間：2009年1月25日授課章節(jié)Unit One Basic Knowledge of Welding Effect of Welding on Structure of Steel目的要求介紹焊接對鋼組織的影響，通過本課的學(xué)習(xí)，使學(xué)生了解焊接時，鋼組織變化的一些基本知識，掌握相關(guān)的專業(yè)詞匯，提高學(xué)生閱讀、理解科技英語的能力。重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)Austenite ferrite pearlite critical temperatures教案內(nèi)容： Module 4 Effect of Welding on Structure of Ste

42、el TextDuring the welding process，the molten metal is at a temperature from 2500degrees centigrade to 3000，and the weld may be considered as a region of cast steel在焊接過程中，熔化金屬的溫度在2500到3000之間，焊縫可以被看作是鑄鋼區(qū)。Since regions near the weld may be comparatively cool giving a steep thermal gradient from weld to

43、 parent plate，it will be possible to find crystal structures of all types in the vicinity，and great changes may take place as the rate of cooling is altered由于近縫區(qū)溫度比較低，從而使焊縫到母材有一個陡的溫度梯度，因此在焊縫附近可能存在各種晶體組織，并且當(dāng)冷卻速度改變時，這些組織也可能發(fā)生很大的變化。A typical cross section from the molten pool to the cold section of the

44、 parent plate might reveal the following regions，F(xiàn)igure 1-2從熔池到冷的母材的典型橫截面可以顯示出下面的區(qū)域，如圖1-2所示。課程回顧weldability，hardness，stiffness，and ductility 課程引入Effect of Welding on Structure of Steel時間安排：課程回顧和課程引入5minNew words10min課文講解40min課堂練習(xí)30min本課總結(jié)5min第4次第1頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）Ferrite and pearlite below 720Austenite 90

45、01400BCCdelta iron()above 1400 and austenite(FCCgamma iron )Molten pool parent plate andweld metalabove 1500 Austenite and ferrite(alpha iron)ferrite being precipitated 720900 (a)The molten pool with parent plate and weld metal mixed at temperatures above melting point 1500母材和填充金屬混合形成的熔池（溫度在熔點(diǎn)1500以上

46、）。(b)A region with B.C.C delta iron and austenite(F.C.C gamma iron)mixed體心立方晶格的鐵素體和奧氏體（面心立方晶格的鐵）的混合區(qū) (C)A region of austenite above the upper critical temperature 9001 400在上臨界點(diǎn)即9001400以上的奧氏體區(qū) (d)A region of austenite and ferrite(B.C.Calpha iron)，where ferrite is being precipitated(between upper and

47、lower critical temperatures)奧氏體和鐵素體（體心立方晶格的鐵）區(qū)，鐵素體在上、下臨界溫度之間析出 (e)The parent plate of ferrite and pearlite鐵素體和珠光體母材There is great possibility， in addition，that oxygen or even nitrogen may be absorbed into the weld itself此外，氧、甚至氮，很可能會溶于焊縫中。We have seen that when oxidation occurs on the crystal bounda

48、ries，the impact strength and fatigue resistance of the metal are課堂提問What regions are there from the molten pool to the cold section of the parent plate?第4次第2頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）greatly，reduced，and hence a weld which has absorbed oxygen will show these symptoms我們已經(jīng)了解，當(dāng)晶界發(fā)生氧化時，金屬的沖擊強(qiáng)度和疲勞強(qiáng)度將大大降低，因此已經(jīng)吸收氧的焊縫將會出現(xiàn)這

49、些現(xiàn)象。The formation of iron nitride(Fe4N)also makes the weld brittleThe nitride is usually present in the form of fine needle-shaped crystals visible under the high-powered microscopeFe4N的形成也使焊縫變脆，在高倍顯微鏡下，氮化物通常是以細(xì)針狀的形式存在。The weld must be safeguarded from these defects as much as possible焊縫必須盡可能防止這些缺陷。

50、Evidently，also，the composition of the filler rod or electrode compared with that of the parent metal will be of great importance，since this will naturally alter the properties of the steel at or near the weld很明顯的，焊絲或焊條的成分與母材成分相比也是很重要的，因?yàn)檫@將很自然地改變焊縫或近縫區(qū)的鋼的性能。If the mass of the parent metal is small an

51、d cooling is very quick，the weld may be tough and strong but brittle，and this will particularly be the case if the carbon content is high如果母材質(zhì)量小，冷卻速度很快，那么焊縫將會是牢固的，但卻是脆的，這在含碳量高的情況下更是如此。If，however，cooling is slow，structures of sorbite or ferrite and pearlite are found，giving a lower strength and decre

52、ased hardness，but at the same time a very much increased ductility and impact strength然而，如果冷卻緩慢，就會形成索氏體或鐵素體和珠光體組織，它們強(qiáng)度低，硬度小，但同時塑性和沖擊強(qiáng)度會大大提高。課堂練習(xí)1.Why shall we say that the welding process is a small steel-casting operation?2.What structures do we expect to get after welding?第4次第3頁沈陽大學(xué)教案（續(xù)頁）Evidently

53、，therefore，the welding of a given joint requires the consideration，as to what properties are required in the finished weld(tenacity，ductility，impact strength，resistance to wear and abrasion etc) 因此，要焊接一個給定的接頭，就需要仔細(xì)考慮焊縫所要求的各項(xiàng)性能如韌性、塑性、沖擊強(qiáng)度和耐磨性等。When this is settled the method of welding and the rate o

54、f cooling can be considered，together with the choice of suitable welding rods當(dāng)這些性能被確定后，就應(yīng)該考慮焊接方法、冷卻速度以及選擇合適的焊絲了。These considerations are of particular importance in the case of the welding of alloy steels，since great care is necessary in the choice of suitable welding rods，which will give the weld the correct properties required在焊接合金鋼時，這些考慮是非常重要的，因?yàn)橹挥泻苷J(rèn)真地選擇合適的焊絲，才能使焊縫得到所需要的性能。In many cases，heat treatment