unit 4Social Relationships

1、Social Relationships社會(huì)關(guān)系社會(huì)關(guān)系Unit 4 Cultural Values and Interpersonal RelationshipsThe first paragraph郭恒蘭郭恒蘭relationship by blood血緣關(guān)系血緣關(guān)系Professional relationship業(yè)緣關(guān)系業(yè)緣關(guān)系Social relations社會(huì)關(guān)系社會(huì)關(guān)系Geopolitical relations地緣關(guān)系地緣關(guān)系Political relations 政治關(guān)系政治關(guān)系西方強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體西方強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體意識(shí)和觀念、意識(shí)和觀念、注重個(gè)人觀念注重個(gè)人觀念。Differences

2、between Chinese and western social relations中國(guó)看重集體觀中國(guó)看重集體觀念，是一種念，是一種 個(gè)個(gè)人服從集體的觀人服從集體的觀念念西方社會(huì)關(guān)系西方社會(huì)關(guān)系 Westerners equality consciousness is stronger, no matter rich or poor, everyone will respect themselves and dont allow infringed upon their rights. At the sametime,everyone can fully respect others. I

3、n the United States, few people are proud of their eminent family background, also few people ashamed of his poor background, because they all know, as long as their efforts, they will be able to succeed. 西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)，無(wú)論貧富，人人都會(huì)尊重自己，不允西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)，無(wú)論貧富，人人都會(huì)尊重自己，不允許別人侵犯自己的權(quán)利。同時(shí)，人人都能充分地尊重他人。在許別人侵犯自己的權(quán)利。同時(shí)，人人

4、都能充分地尊重他人。在美國(guó)，很少人以自己顯赫的家庭背景為榮，也很少人以自己貧美國(guó)，很少人以自己顯赫的家庭背景為榮，也很少人以自己貧寒出身為恥，因他們都知道，只要自己努力，是一定能取得成寒出身為恥，因他們都知道，只要自己努力，是一定能取得成功的。功的。 The western social relations平等意識(shí)平等意識(shí)Equality Concept “只要努力，只要努力， 牛仔也能當(dāng)總統(tǒng)。牛仔也能當(dāng)總統(tǒng)?！保↖f working hard , even a cow boy can be president.） 美國(guó)平民總統(tǒng)美國(guó)平民總統(tǒng)林肯林肯The western social rela

5、tionsn 很少顧及人情、面子，很少顧及人情、面子，公公事公辦，不講情面。事公辦，不講情面。n 交易時(shí)以交易時(shí)以“公平交易公平交易”為準(zhǔn)為準(zhǔn)則，按法則辦事，即使親朋則，按法則辦事，即使親朋好友也要人事兩清，公務(wù)處好友也要人事兩清，公務(wù)處理上，不受感情影響以客觀理上，不受感情影響以客觀法則為準(zhǔn)，對(duì)事不對(duì)人，公法則為準(zhǔn)，對(duì)事不對(duì)人，公私分明，即使是親人之間私分明，即使是親人之間The Chinese social relations中國(guó)：中國(guó)： 孔子思想：孔子思想：“仁仁”和和“禮禮”。 五倫：五倫：“父子有親，君臣有義父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長(zhǎng)幼有序，朋友，夫婦有別，長(zhǎng)幼有序，朋友有信有

6、信”The Chinese social relationsn 中國(guó)重人情和面子，人際交往中國(guó)重人情和面子，人際交往講究講究“做人情做人情”、“送人情送人情”、“注重禮尚往來(lái)注重禮尚往來(lái)”、欠情還、欠情還情情”，提倡，提倡“滴水之恩，當(dāng)涌滴水之恩，當(dāng)涌泉相報(bào)泉相報(bào)”，“為朋友兩肋插刀為朋友兩肋插刀”n 人情，面子和命運(yùn)是支配中國(guó)人情，面子和命運(yùn)是支配中國(guó)人生活的三大女神人生活的三大女神林語(yǔ)堂林語(yǔ)堂Example of the family New words and phrases個(gè)性，個(gè)人個(gè)性，個(gè)人Individuality不平等，不公平不平等，不公平inequalityetiquette社

7、會(huì)交往社會(huì)交往Social interactionn. 禮節(jié)，禮儀；規(guī)矩禮節(jié)，禮儀；規(guī)矩從事，參與從事，參與 engage inAmerican Social Relationships 龐玉帛信號(hào)與信息處理The secont paragraph In American culture social conventions tend to be more informal and social reciprocities tend to be much less clearly defined 在美國(guó)文化中社會(huì)習(xí)俗往往更隨意，而社會(huì)的互惠性更明確。 For example ,equality

8、 removes the need for elaborate forms of social address,since one of the functions of formality is to call attention to the participants respective status and ascriptions. 例如,由于禮節(jié)的功能之一就是喚起參與者尊重各自的社會(huì)地位和歸屬，所以通常社交致辭的形式都不會(huì)很復(fù)雜。 Americans usually tend to ignore these qualities of social intercourse,quickl

9、y achieve a first-name basis with others,and conduct both business and social intercourse with directness and informality. 美國(guó)人通常傾向于忽視社會(huì)交往的這些品質(zhì),跟別人在一起都是直呼起名,直接開展業(yè)務(wù)，他們的社會(huì)交往非常直接，很隨意性。 Unlike members of other cultures such as the Thai,Americans prefer direct contact with others in either business or soc

10、ial affairs and hence seldom have need of a third person,an intermediary , as do the thai. 不像其他的文化習(xí)俗，例如泰國(guó)，美國(guó)人喜歡在商業(yè)或社會(huì)事務(wù)上與其他人直接接觸，很少像泰國(guó)一樣，需要第三人或者中間層。Social RelationshipsnThe third paragraphn王安騰王安騰TextDespite the emphasis on equality and informality, there is an element of depersonalization in relatio

11、nships between Americans. Americans have many friends, but these are often associated with a given situation or time. Furthermore, the word friend may serve to describe anyone from a passing acquaintance to a lifetime associate. American friendship differs from that found in many parts of the world,

12、 where an individual may have few friends but is likely to have a total, rather than a selective, commitment to them. Individuals may be disinclined to share a friend with other friends, since both the quality of friendship and the number of friends are considered limited and hence not to be squande

13、red.AnalysisnDespite the emphasis on equality and informality, there is an element of depersonalization in relationships between Americans.n盡管強(qiáng)調(diào)平等與隨意，美國(guó)人之間的關(guān)系還是存在一種depersonalization的元素。AnalysisnAmericans have many friends, but these are often associated with a given situation or time.n美國(guó)人有很多朋友，但是這常常

14、是針對(duì)一個(gè)特定的場(chǎng)所和特定的時(shí)間。AnalysisnFurthermore, the word friend may serve to describe anyone from a passing acquaintance to a lifetime associate.n甚至，從一個(gè)路過的熟人，到一生的至交，都可以稱作“朋友”。na passing acquaintance：點(diǎn)頭之交，一面之交nlifetime associateAnalysisnAmerican friendship differs from that found in many parts of the world, w

15、here an individual may have few friends but is likely to have a total, rather than a selective, commitment to them.n美國(guó)人的友誼不同于世界上的其他地方，這些地方一個(gè)人可以幾乎沒有什么朋友，但是他們對(duì)朋友完全地，絕對(duì)地忠誠(chéng)。n相反，美國(guó)人有很多朋友，對(duì)待朋友也沒有那么忠誠(chéng)。n只有永遠(yuǎn)的利益，沒有永遠(yuǎn)的朋友AnalysisnIndividuals (in many parts of the world) may be disinclined to share a friend with other friends, since both the quality of friendship and the number of friends are considered limited and hence not to be squandered.n這些地方的人們可能不愿意和其他朋友分享一