考研中醫(yī)綜合-中藥學(xué)(二)

1、中醫(yī)綜合-中藥學(xué)（二）(總分：80.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、Section I Use of English(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)Regardless of their political affiliation, in all countries womenmust overcome a host of stumbling blocks that limit their political careers. Most obstacles to progress consist of (1) of various kinds, says the Inter-Parliament

2、ary Union (IPU), a Geneva-based organization (2) 139 parliaments, including the lack of time, training, information, self-confidence, money, support, motivation, womens networks and solidarity between women.In every culture, prejudice and stereotypes (3) hard. The belief still holds (4) that womenbe

3、long in the kitchen and (5) the children, not at election (6) or in the Speakers chair. The media often reinforce traditional images of women, who, upon entering politics, also bear the brunt (正面沖擊)of verbal and physical (7).In impoverished ( 貧窮的)countries (8) by civil conflicts and deteriorating ec

4、onomic and social conditions, womenare (9) by the tasks of managing everyday life and looking after their families. The IPU stresses the general lack of child-care facilities often (10) a privileged few the (11) of political parties to change the times and running of meetings and the weak backing wo

5、menreceive from their families. That support, which is (12) as well as financial, is (13) vital because women have internalized (14) images of themselves since the (15) of time and often suffer from low self-confidence.Another obstacle is the lack of financial resources, especially as election campa

6、igns become increasingly expensive. (16) , women encounter more or less open machismo (男子漢的高傲 )in the(17) of closed political circles (18) entry to the second sex. Lastly, they (19) the lack ofsolidarity between women, (20) by the fact that the number of available positions is limited.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）（分?jǐn)?shù)：

7、0.50 ）(1).A deficiencies B deficits C defects D flawsA. VB.C.D.解析：根據(jù)文章主題和下文的關(guān)鍵詞lack，選擇A , deficiencies缺乏，不足”，其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。B deficits “赤字，逆差”；Cdefects “缺點(diǎn)，缺陷”；EDflaws 瑕疵”。(2).A embracing B composing C comprising D constituting(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：IPU包括139個(gè)立法機(jī)構(gòu)，所以選 co叩rising “包括，構(gòu)成，其他表達(dá)方式如：comprise=bec

8、omprised of=consist of=be composed of=be made up of。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意或用法。Aembracing 包括，包含”；Bcomposing “組成，構(gòu)成，常用被動(dòng)形式，be composed of ； Dconstituting組成,構(gòu)成，該句可改為“ 139 parliaments constitute the IPU ”。.A persist B vanish C revive D die(分?jǐn)?shù)：0.50 )A.B.C.D. V 解析：偏見(jiàn)和陳規(guī)定式難以根除，所以選 D ，die hard 意為“頑固得很，難以根除”。其他選項(xiàng)不合搭 配或文意。

9、 Apersist “堅(jiān)持，持續(xù)”； Bvanish “消失”； Crevive “恢復(fù)，復(fù)蘇”。(4) .A sway B water C truth D proof (分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析： bear/hold sway(over) 作為短語(yǔ)意為“統(tǒng)治，支配，有左右的力量”，其他選項(xiàng)不合文意或搭配。B (hold)water常用于否定形式，意為“站不住腳”；C和D不符合搭配。(5) .A with B to C among D into(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50)A. VB.C.D.解析：婦女應(yīng)該跟孩子們?cè)谝黄?，所以選 A 。 belong 可以與介詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，意為“屬于”

10、，如： belong at/to/in/on/with 等，不同介詞的意思有所不同，而介詞的選擇取決于后面的名詞。(6) .A assemblies B conventions C associations D rallies(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50)A.B.C.D. V解析： rallies “與政治相關(guān)的集會(huì)”，符合上下文文意， election rallies “選舉集會(huì)”。因此排除其他 選項(xiàng)。 Aassemblies “大規(guī)模的集會(huì)，集合”； Bconventions “正式的大會(huì)”； Cassociations “協(xié) 會(huì)，團(tuán)體”。(7) .A penalties B attacks C t

11、ortures D abuses(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50)A.B. VC.D.解析：bear the brunt of 在之中，首當(dāng)其沖”，如： bear the brunt of the blame“成為眾矢之的”； bear the brunt of attacks “受到攻擊，抨擊”。從政的婦女受到語(yǔ)言和人身的攻擊，所以選 attacks “攻擊，抨擊”。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 Apenalties “懲罰，處罰”，如： pay the penalty for 為受處罰”；Ctortures 折磨”；Dabuses “侮辱，謾罵”。C和D用詞程度過(guò)于嚴(yán)重。(8) .A penetrated B c

12、ompressed C intensified D racked(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：貧窮國(guó)家飽受國(guó)內(nèi)沖突和不斷惡化的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)狀況的折磨，所以選racked “使痛苦，折磨”，如：be racked with doubt and pain “滿腹疑慮，痛苦萬(wàn)分”。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 Apenetrated “滲入， 穿透”： Bcompressed “濃縮，壓縮”； Cin tensified “加劇，加強(qiáng)”。(9) .A strapped B bandaged C restrained D inhibited(分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：婦女受家庭

13、事務(wù)的羈絆，只有 A 符合文意。 strapped “捆扎”； Bbandaged “用繃帶扎縛” ；C restrained“抑制，制止做不好的事”，常用搭配： restrain sb. from doing ； Dinhibited “抑制，阻止”。（10）.A allowed for B put in for C reserved for D compensated for （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：兒童保育設(shè)施通常只為少數(shù)有特權(quán)的人所使用，所以選 C。reserved for 注定把給”；其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 Aallowed for “考慮到”， 如： allow

14、 for the possibility that they have been involved in the combat “考慮到他們已經(jīng)參加戰(zhàn)斗的可能性”；Bput in for 申請(qǐng)”；Dcompensated for 彌補(bǔ)”。（11）.A endeavor B persistence C stubbornness D reluctance（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：根據(jù)前面的 lack ，該空可能為負(fù)面意義的詞， 排除正面詞 Aendeavor “努力”和 Bpersistence “堅(jiān) 持不懈”； Cstubbornness “頑固，固執(zhí)”也不合文意。所以選

15、reluctance “不情愿”。（12）.A moral B mortal C orthodox D sensible（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：婦女得到的支持是道義上的，所以選A。moral “道義上，道德上的”，其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。B mortal “致命的，人世間凡人的”； Corthodox “傳統(tǒng)的，正統(tǒng)的”； Dsensible “明智的”。（13）.A all the same B at most C all the more D above all（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： all the more 意為“格外，尤其，更加”，其他選項(xiàng)不

16、合文意或語(yǔ)氣。 Aall the same “依然， 照樣地”； Bat most “至多，不超過(guò)”； Dabove all “首要，尤其”。（14）.A negative B obsolete C undesirable D vice（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：婦女的自我形象是負(fù)面的，所以選 A 。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 Bobsolete “過(guò)時(shí)的，已廢棄的”；C undesirable“不受歡迎的”； Dvice “副的”。（15）.A commencement B threshold C dawn D outbreak（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析： t

17、he dawn of time “時(shí)間的開(kāi)端”，如： the dawn of Space Age “太空時(shí)代的開(kāi)端”。其他選項(xiàng)不 合文意或搭配。 Acommencement “著手， 畢業(yè)典禮”； Bthreshold “入門， 開(kāi)端”， 常用搭配： on/at the threshold of “在 （ 重要事件 ） 開(kāi)始的初期”； Doutbreak “爆發(fā)”。（16）.A To make matters worse B In contrastC By the same token D To sum up （分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.B. 解析：這句與上句是并列遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以選

18、A 。 To make matters worse意為“而且更糟糕的是”，其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 BIn contrast “相對(duì)而言”； CBy the sametoken “由于同樣的原因，同樣地”； DTo sum up 總之”。（17）.A form B fashion C pattern D format（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A. VB.C.D.解析：in the form of 意為以形式”，其他選項(xiàng)的意思較片面。Bfashion “式樣，方式，如：in an orderly fashion“以有序的方式”；Cpatt ern “圖樣，模式”，如： a strange pattern

19、ofevents “事件發(fā)生的奇怪模式”；Dformat “安排，樣式，如：the format of finals期末考試的形式”。（18）.A inspiring B barring C disapproving D banning（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： barring “攔住， 妨礙”， 其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。 Ainspiring “鼓勵(lì)， 鼓舞”； Cdisapproving “不 贊成”，常用做 disapprove of “不贊成”； Dbanning “禁令，禁止”。（19）.A convict B justify C highlight D regret

20、（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：婦女對(duì)她們之間缺乏團(tuán)結(jié)應(yīng)該感到遺憾，所以選D。其他選項(xiàng)不合文意。Aconvict “宣判，證明有罪”； Bjustify “認(rèn)為有理”； Chighlight “強(qiáng)調(diào)”。（20）.A deteriorated B solidified C aggravated D occurred（分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.50 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：婦女間缺乏團(tuán)結(jié)被有限的職位所惡化， aggravated “惡化， 加劇”。 其他選項(xiàng)不合文意或語(yǔ)法要求。A deteriorated “惡化”， 不及物動(dòng)詞， 不能用于被動(dòng)意義； Bsolidified “被加固”； D

21、occurred “發(fā) 生”，不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)意義。二、Section n Reading Comprehension（總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）三、Part A （ 總題數(shù)： 0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）四、Text 1 （ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）Many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. They greet their childrens teenage with needless dread. While teenagers may assault us with heavy-meta

22、l music, wear strange clothes, have strange hair styles, and spend all their time dating or meeting friends, such behavior scarcely adds up to full-scale revolt.Take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same wayof showing that they disagree with their pare

23、nts. Instead of striking out boldly on their wings, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for reassurance. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and t

24、o go his or her own way. They have comeout of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.Teenage rebellion, according to psychologist Laurence Steinberg, coauthor of You and YourAdolescent, has been greatly overstated.Many other psychologists agree. The idea that teenagersinevitably rebel is a myth that has

25、the potential for great family harm. This notion can damage communication during this critical time for parents to influence youngsters.Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child and parent. Teenagers need to establish themselves as individuals in their own minds and in the eye

26、s of others. This searchisnt about rebellion: its about becoming a person of ones own. Teenagers ought to be growing away from their parents and learning to stand on their own two feet, says Steinberg.Here is one way parents can help: dont stereotype. Parents who expect teenage rebellion may actuall

27、y stir it up, says Kenneth I. Howard, a member of a research team that collected survey data on more than 20,000 teenagers over a 28-year period.Howard cautions parents not to resort to suppression at the first sight of adolescent independence, fearful that giving in even slightlynow means drugs can

28、not be far behind. Whenparents overreact,teenagers assert themselves more, parents clamp down harder, and a full-scale blowup results.In fact, psychologists say that there is no inevitable pattern to teenage behavior, and no such creature as a typical teenager. Your teenager is now larger, stronger,

29、 older and smarter than before, with an additional supply of hormone raging through the bloodstream. But he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth. Given a chance, your son or daughter will continue to behave in ways you have established.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（1）.According to the

30、 writer, parents fear for their childrens teenage is.A ridiculous B unnecessaryC unreasonable D sensible （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 解析 推理題。第一段第二句提到“ They gr eet their childrens teenage with needless dread ”（他們帶著不必要的擔(dān)心迎接著孩子青春期的到來(lái)），說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子青春期的擔(dān)心是沒(méi)有必要的，因?yàn)榈谝欢文┪蔡岬剿麄兦啻浩诘男袨椤?scarcely adds up to full-scal

31、e revolt ” （很少會(huì)達(dá)到徹底叛逆的地步），故B項(xiàng)正確。needless與unnecessary是同義詞。（2）. A larger cocoon as mentioned in paragraph 2 refers to the situation that.A teenagers disagree with their parentsB teenagers want to be independentC teenagers cannot escape from the popularity waveD teenagers need support from their fellow

32、 teenagers（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：解析 語(yǔ)義理解題。 本題問(wèn)第二段提到的“更大的束縛”指的是哪種情況。 cocoon 本意指“繭”， 這里可引申為“束縛”的意思。在第二段中作者提到了兩個(gè)“束縛”：第一個(gè)是“ teenagersareshowing that they disagree with their parents（青少年表達(dá)他們與父母的分歧），即青少年想要掙脫父母的束縛，成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的人；接著作者提到大多數(shù)青少年現(xiàn)在還不敢振翅高飛，而是緊握 彼此的手以獲取安慰，他們之所以如此想、如此做是因?yàn)榇蠹叶歼@樣。下文又提到對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)越來(lái)越難 以對(duì)抗流行的浪潮。

33、第二段最后一句提到“ They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.” （他們只是沖破了一重束縛而又陷入了更大的一重束縛而已。）也就是說(shuō)， 流行的浪潮成了他們難以擺脫的更大的束縛了。因此C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為第一種束縛；B、D兩項(xiàng)是青少年想要達(dá)到的目的而不是束縛。（3）.Overstating teenage rebellion will lead to the following consequences EXCEPT.A it can do harm to the familyB it can damage parents inf

34、luenceC it can prevent teenagers from being individualsD it can impair teenagers ability to make correct judgment（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 解析 判斷題。本題的關(guān)鍵詞是 overstate ，這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段中，因此第三段是本題 的答案所在。D項(xiàng)在文中未提及，因此為正確答案。A、B均在第三段中提到；第四段第一、二句提到“ Still adolescence is often a trying time of transition for child

35、and parent. Teenagers need to establish themselves as individuals ”（但青春期對(duì)于孩子和父母來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是一個(gè)艱難的過(guò)渡時(shí)期。青少年需要 樹(shù)立自己的個(gè)性、成為獨(dú)立的人）,由此可知青春期對(duì)于青少年成為獨(dú)立的個(gè)體至關(guān)重要，若父母對(duì)孩子 的反叛處理不當(dāng)則會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良后果，故C項(xiàng)可排除。（4）.According to the psychologists, it is beneficial for parents to.A show fear B use suppressionC clamp down harder D treat teena

36、gers as they used to（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析： 解析 細(xì)節(jié)題。末段指出心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為青少年行為沒(méi)有必然的模式可循，也沒(méi)有什么典型青少年之說(shuō)。由第三句“ he or she is still the same human being you have lived with since birth” （他或她仍是從出生到現(xiàn)在一直與你生活在一起的同一個(gè)人 ）可知， 心理學(xué)家們認(rèn)為孩子還是原來(lái)的孩子， 建議 父母應(yīng)以平平常的心態(tài)對(duì)待處于青春期的孩子，因此D項(xiàng)正確。第六段提到“ Howard cautions parents notto resort to sup

37、pressionparents clamp down harder, and a full-scale blowup result（霍華德勸誡父母?jìng)儾灰扇褐剖侄胃改甘┘痈蟮膲毫?huì)導(dǎo)致矛盾徹底激化），可見(jiàn)心理學(xué)家的建議是父母?jìng)冏詈貌灰扇褐疲╯uppression）手段，害怕（fearful）也是不可取的態(tài)度，故A、B、C三項(xiàng)均不正確。（5）.The text is meant to.A advise the parents how to get along with their teenagersB discuss teenage rebellion and ways to cope

38、with itC introduce psychologists views on teenage behaviorsD clarify the misconception about teenage rebellion（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析： 解析 主旨題。作者首先指出父母對(duì)孩子的青春期問(wèn)題有著不必要的擔(dān)憂，接下來(lái)心理學(xué)家們對(duì)這 一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了分析，指出過(guò)分夸大青少年的叛逆會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果，最后建議家長(zhǎng)正確對(duì)待這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并 提出應(yīng)對(duì)的方法?？梢?jiàn)，整篇文章都是圍繞著青少年叛逆以及如何解決這一問(wèn)題而展開(kāi)的，因此B項(xiàng)正確。A C D三項(xiàng)均不能概括本文的主旨。五、Text 2

39、（ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）If the opinion polls are to be believed, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the

40、 Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle that epitomizes those abuses.Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, isthe leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments ow

41、ed to some 500,000 Indians. The suit revolves around Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigne

42、d to individual Indians. Because these parcels were rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them.As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling-but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian

43、owners.In fact, officials admit that royalties have been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, andthe government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years,Cobellheard

44、Indians complain of not getting payment from the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit.Gale Norton, George Bushs interior secretary was charged with conte

45、mpt in November because her department had failed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trust-fund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indian

46、s, which had been interrupted l resumed.And that is not the end of it. Ms Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consultingthem. Somewant the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under

47、 a , neutral supervisor. Others have called for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)(1) .What is implied but not stated in the first sentence is that Americ

48、an IndiansA expressed their gratitude for their lawyers.B won a victory by use of legal weapons.C have lost confidence in their government.D came to believe the public opinion polls.(分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 )A.B.C. VD.解析：(2) .It seems that the author is most critical of the governmentsA irresponsibility.B interfer

49、ence.C bureaucracy.D inequality. (分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00 )A. VB.C.D.解析：(3) .When mentioning parcels of 80 to 160 acres, the writer is talking aboutA oil prospectors.B trust payments.C private property.D land ownership. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B. VC.D.解析：（4）.What is the attitude of American Indians towards Gale Nortons propos

50、al?A Skeptical.B Scornful.C Annoyed.D Indifferent. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C. VD.解析：（5）.Which of the following is TRUE according the text?A Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians.B Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed.C BIA deliberately leaves trust-fund reco

51、rds vulnerable to risks.D American Indians should become increasingly vocal for justice. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A.B.C.D. V解析：六、Text 3 （ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00）While the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage crisis have spread far and wide, Latin America a place long associated with financial disaster has remained imp

52、robably calm. Banks have reported no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the worlds fastest-growi

53、ng economies. It is expected to expand faster than most of its neighbors again this year.Quite simply, it barely has any credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals, and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, b

54、ank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23.8% of GDP in 2000 to 10.8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13% ; by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was36.5% in 2006. Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible only on a short-term basis. Once its recovery began in J

55、une 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without making big investments. And the windfall profits rea

56、ped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a lucky confluence of factors could not last. Starting in early 2005 ,.inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials incr