英國(guó)文學(xué)作家作品吐血整理下

1、 WORD格式整理版所處時(shí)期 姓名備注出身學(xué)校地位/評(píng)價(jià)流派作品Romant icism in England英國(guó)浪漫主義時(shí)期William Wordworth威廉華茲華斯1770-1850在湖區(qū)接受教育Gerondists moderate Republicans吉倫特派溫和共和主義者后期：保守黨，堅(jiān)定擁護(hù)反革命政策律師家庭，6歲成為孤兒劍橋大學(xué)Lake Poets湖畔詩人 Poet laureate 桂冠詩人18431797和柯勒律治同居湖畔Distinguished by the simplicity and purity of his language以簡(jiǎn)潔洗練的語言著稱Escapis

2、t romanticists 早期消極浪漫主義者Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集 （with柯勒律治）（標(biāo)志著同18世紀(jì)傳統(tǒng)詩歌即新古典主義詩歌決裂，浪漫主義詩歌崛起）對(duì)大自然的熱愛：Lines Written in the Early Spring，To the Cuckoo，I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud，My Heart Leaps Up，Intimations of Immortality，Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey丁登寺雜詠（“l(fā)yrical hymn of thanks to nat

3、ure”）對(duì)勞動(dòng)人民的同情：The Solitary Reaper，We Are Seven，Michael，The Ruined Cottage, Simon Lee, The Old Cumberland Beggar, Lucy露西組詩自傳體長(zhǎng)詩：The Prelude 序曲Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治塞繆爾泰勒1772-1834空想成立類似烏托邦的“大眾平等社”，晚年保守，為教會(huì)做辯論鄉(xiāng)村牧師家庭基督慈善學(xué)校，劍橋大學(xué)肄業(yè)Lake Poets湖畔詩人Literary Critic 浪漫派的第一個(gè)文學(xué)評(píng)論家1797和華茲華斯同居湖畔Supernatural s

4、ubjects 超自然三幕詩劇poetical drama：（with Southey）The Fall of Robespierre 羅伯斯皮爾的倒臺(tái)Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集 （with華茲華斯）詩歌：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子詠夢(mèng)幻詩：Kubla Khan忽必烈汗，未完成：Christabel 克里斯塔貝爾Robert Southey羅伯特騷塞1774-1843前期激進(jìn)，后期變成保守黨倫敦威斯敏斯特中學(xué)，牛津Lake Poets湖畔詩人Poet laureate 桂冠詩人1813不規(guī)則的押韻詩irregular rhymed ver

5、se，幫助浪漫詩體從18世紀(jì)禁錮中解放長(zhǎng)詩：Joan of Arc 圣女貞德詩?。篧at Taylor瓦特泰勒三幕詩劇poetical drama：（with Coleridge）The Fall of Robespierre 羅伯斯皮爾的倒臺(tái)使其獲得聲譽(yù)的短詩：The Inchcape Rock, The Battle of Blenheim, My Days among the Dead are Passe散文：The Life of Nelson浪漫敘事長(zhǎng)詩：Thalabathe Destroyer, Madoc, The Curse of Keharma, Roderick,the l

6、ast of GothsGeorge Gordon Byron 喬治戈登拜倫1788-1824Clubfoot 跛足Lord Byron 貴族頭銜加入希臘獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，病逝倫敦貴族家庭但被父親拋棄，母親性格多變哈羅公學(xué)，劍橋人民利益的堅(jiān)定支持者與雪萊有親密友誼與雪萊被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)浪漫主義革命時(shí)期最偉大的兩位詩人Active romanticists 積極浪漫主義者第一部個(gè)人詩集：Hours of Idleness休閑的時(shí)光諷刺長(zhǎng)詩：English Bards and Scotch Reviewers演說：Song for the Luddites 盧德者之歌敘事詩（oriental tales）：G

7、iaour，the Bride of Abydos，the Corsair，Lara，Parisina，the Siege of Corinth，the Prisoner of Chillon抒情詩：Herbrew Melodies希伯來歌曲其他：Sonnet on Chillon，Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰爾德哈羅爾德游記詩?。篗anfred，Don Juan唐璜，Cain該隱，The Prophecy of Dante但丁預(yù)言，Vision of Judgement審判的幻景Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西比西雪萊1792-1822父親是保守爵士伊頓

8、公學(xué)牛津大學(xué)反宗教與拜倫有親密友誼墓志銘：“The Heart of Hearts”眾心之心熱愛勞動(dòng)人民，反對(duì)剝削“the most wonderful lyric poet England has ever produced”與拜倫被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)浪漫主義革命時(shí)期最偉大的兩位詩人The Necessity of Atheism 無神論的必然性Address to the Irish People 致愛爾蘭人民長(zhǎng)詩：Queen Mab 麥布女王The Revolt of Islam 伊斯蘭的起義政治抒情詩：Masque of Anarchy，Song to the Men of England詩劇

9、：Prometheus Unbound詩體歷史悲?。篢he Cenci戲劇諷刺詩：Peter Bell the Third抒情詩劇：Hellas散文：A Defence of Poetry給濟(jì)慈的挽詩：Adonais其他抒情詩：Ode to the West Wind西風(fēng)頌，to a Skylark致云雀，Loves Philosophy，One Word Is too Often Profaned，With a Guitar，to Jean，the Indian SerenadeJohn Keats約翰濟(jì)慈1795-1821棄醫(yī)從文，一直貧困，染絕癥早逝15歲父母雙亡在雪萊幫助下出版第一部詩

10、集“here lies one whose name is writ in water”創(chuàng)作準(zhǔn)則：“Beauty in truth，truth in beauty”藝術(shù)目的：always to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day長(zhǎng)詩：Endymion，Isabella，The Eve of Et.Agnes，Eamia，Hyperion（長(zhǎng)篇史詩，未完成但最杰出）、短詩：Sleep and Poetry，Bright Star，When I Have Fear，所

11、有特性體現(xiàn)在頌歌中Ode to Autumn，Ode to Melancholy，Ode on a Grecian Urn，Ode to a NightingaleCharles Lamb查爾斯蘭姆1775-1834生于倫敦，姐姐精神??；嚴(yán)重口吃；在東印度公司工作33年基督慈善學(xué)校與柯勒律治有畢生的友誼浪漫主義學(xué)派的評(píng)論家特點(diǎn)：幽默，擅雙關(guān)語和笑話使莎翁的戲劇通俗化代表了下層中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的心聲The greatest contribution to English literature：伊利亞隨筆浪漫主義不成功的作品：詩Old Familiar Faces，On an Infant Dying a

12、s soon as Born 感傷羅曼史 Rosamuned Gray 笑劇 Mr.H評(píng)論：Specimens from English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare改編莎?。篢he Tales from Shakespeare（第一部成功的文學(xué)作品）散文集：The Essays of Elia，Last Essays of Elia其中散文：Old China，Dream Children，The Superannuated Man，The Home Is Home Though It Is Never So Homely，A Di

13、ssertation upon Roast Pig，Christs Hospital Five and Thirty Years AgoWilliam Hazlitt 威廉哈茲利特父親是持異教徒政見的牧師A deep-rooted radical激進(jìn)者A master of the familiar essay隨筆大師Romantic criticism浪漫主義文學(xué)評(píng)論家蘭姆是他最好的朋友同巔峰時(shí)期的柯勒律治和華茲華斯會(huì)面浪漫主義者中唯一信仰法國(guó)大革命緣由不動(dòng)搖的人評(píng)論：The Characters of Shakespeares Plays，Lectures on the Dramatic

14、Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth，Lectures on the English Poets，Lectures on the English Comic Writers，Spirit of the Age時(shí)代精神散文集：Table Talk，The Plain Speaker，Sketches and Essays，Winterslow優(yōu)秀散文：My First Acquaintance with Poets，On Going a Journey，On Reading Old Books，Of Persons One Would Wish to

15、Have Seen，The Feeling of Morality in Youth，On Taste，On Familiar Style，The Sick Chamber，The FightLeigh Hunt利亨特1784-1859因指責(zé)攝政王而入獄基督慈善學(xué)校散文家、評(píng)論家、詩人A martyr in the cause of liberty為自由而戰(zhàn)的斗士對(duì)雪萊和濟(jì)慈賞識(shí)晚年同狄更斯、卡萊爾、布朗寧成為朋友與哥哥出版周刊the Examiner 觀察者幫助拜倫雪萊出版季刊The Liberal 解放者詩歌：The Story of Rimini，About Ben Adhem，Jenn

16、y Kissed Me 。其他：Autobiography自傳散文：A Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla文學(xué)評(píng)論：Imagination and Fancy，Wit and Humour散文集：Men，Women，and Books ，The Town，Table Talk，The Old Court SuburbThomas De Quincey 湯姆斯德昆西1785-185915歲時(shí)會(huì)希臘語抽鴉片的人“the opium-Eater”富商之子牛津肄業(yè)湖畔詩人密友聞名：ornate descriptions of his fantasies and dreamsGr

17、eat turn in English prose style from plain to ornate prose-writing標(biāo)志著英國(guó)散文風(fēng)格從平實(shí)到華麗的重大轉(zhuǎn)變The Confession of an English Opium-Eater，Autobiographical Sketches，Literary Reminiscences，Sighs from the Depths，The Confession，The English Mail-Coach，The Spanish Military Nun，The Revolt of the Tartars評(píng)論：On the Knoc

18、king at the Gate in MacbethSir Walter Scott沃爾特司各特1771-1832生于愛丁堡放棄法律從事文學(xué)政治上的保守黨父親是律師，母親擅長(zhǎng)講故事本時(shí)期唯一小說家The founder and great master of the Historical novel歷史小說的奠基人和大師Transition from romantisicm to the period of realism標(biāo)志著浪漫主義向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義過渡Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border蘇格蘭邊區(qū)歌謠集長(zhǎng)詩：The Lay of the Last Minstrel

19、, Marmion, The lady of the Lake Historical novels 歷史小說：（蘇格蘭）Waverley（第一部小說）Guy Mannering，Old Morality、Rob Roy、The Heart of Midlothian，（英國(guó)）Ivanhoe，Kenilworth，The Fortunes of Nigel，Woodstock，Peveril of the Peak，（法國(guó)）Quentin DurwardSt.Ronans Wells（唯一一部講述現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的）English Critical Realism英國(guó)批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Thomas Hood托

20、馬斯胡德1799-1845Chartist poets反映社會(huì)矛盾的詩：The Song of the Shirt 襯衫之歌The Bridge of Sighs 嘆息橋Ernest Jones歐內(nèi)斯特瓊斯1819-1869生于柏林?jǐn)嘟^統(tǒng)治階級(jí)關(guān)系，加入憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)，第一國(guó)際與貴族有關(guān)系，父親是少校The greatest of the Chartist poets 最偉大的憲章詩人結(jié)識(shí)馬克思和恩格斯Chartist poets長(zhǎng)詩：The Revolt of Hindostan，or the New World印度起義，或新世界 （an epic of class struggle）抒情詩：Th

21、e Song of the Lower Classes 下層人之歌The Song of the Wage-Slave 雇傭勞動(dòng)者之歌（almost as battle hymns幾乎是戰(zhàn)斗圣歌）Thomas Cooper托馬斯庫伯1805-1892制鞋工自學(xué)父親是染工“The last of the Chartists”“Shakespeare general”標(biāo)志著普通工人首次嘗試創(chuàng)作工人階級(jí)文學(xué)Chartist poetsThe Shakespearean Chartist Hymn Book 莎士比亞憲章運(yùn)動(dòng)圣歌集（1842，包括他朋友的作品）William James Linton

22、威廉詹姆斯林頓分發(fā)革命雜志The poor Mans GuardianA well-known “agitator”煽動(dòng)者，筆名“Spartacus”Chartist poets抒情詩：Blade-Time Will Come小草終將發(fā)芽揭示了詩人對(duì)人民光輝自由前程充滿樂觀的自信Charles Dickens查爾斯狄更斯1812-1870鞋油廠工作-學(xué)習(xí)-律師事務(wù)所-國(guó)會(huì)記者-報(bào)社童年不幸Politically and ideologically，he was a Radical 激進(jìn)者Remembered first of all for his character-portrayal特點(diǎn)：

23、satire諷刺 exaggeration夸張critical realists 第一階段：Sketches by Boz 博茲隨筆，The Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外傳，Oliver Twist 霧都孤兒，Nicholas Nickleby，The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店，Barnaby Rudge第二階段：American Notes美國(guó)札記，Martin Chuzzlewit；A Christmas Carol圣誕歡歌，The Chimes鐘聲，The Cricket on the Hearth 爐邊蟋蟀，Dombey and Son董貝父子，Dav

24、id Copperfield（頂峰）第三階段：Bleak House荒涼山莊，Hard Times艱難時(shí)世，Little Dorrit小杜麗，A tale of Two Cities雙城記，Great Expectations遠(yuǎn)大前程，Our Mutual Friend，Edwin Drood（未完成） William Makepeace Thackeray威廉梅克皮斯薩克雷1811-1863生于印度加爾各答畫卡通曾為Punch笨拙 寫稿英國(guó)官員家庭劍橋肄業(yè)Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng)is one of the greatest masterpiece of critical realism

25、One of the greatest critical realists of 19th century Europe后轉(zhuǎn)向pessimism悲觀主義The Snobs of England勢(shì)利者集（文學(xué)生涯的前奏）Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng)（最高峰）向現(xiàn)實(shí)妥協(xié)：Pendennis，The Newcomes紐克姆一家歷史小說：Henry Esmond，The Virginians最后著作：Denis Duval （未完成） Jean Austen簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀1775-1817鄉(xiāng)村牧師Style：easy and effortlessKeeps the balance between fact

26、and formNorthanger Abbey 諾桑覺寺，Sense and Sensibility理智與情感，Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見，Mansfield Park曼斯菲爾德莊園，Emma，Persuasion勸導(dǎo)Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂勃朗特1816-1855窮牧師的女兒慈善學(xué)校Believed that education was the key to all social problems詩集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell散文：Professor教師，小說：Jane Eyre簡(jiǎn)愛，Shirley謝利，V

27、illette維萊特Emily Bronte艾米莉勃朗特1818-1848未婚慈善學(xué)校The most gifted of the Bronte “Stronger than a man，simpler than a child”詩集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell小說：Wuthering Heights呼嘯山莊詩：Old Stoic，Last LinesAnne Bronte安妮勃朗特1820-1849未婚詩集：Poems by Currer，Ellis and Acton Bell小說：Agnes Grey，The Tenant of the Wi

28、ldfell Hall懷德費(fèi)爾莊園的佃戶Mrs.Gaskell蓋斯凱爾夫人1810-1865父親，丈夫都是牧師作品得到狄更斯支持和夏洛蒂勃朗特是好友，為其寫傳記首批描寫“the Hungry Forties”Mary Barton 瑪麗巴頓Cranford克蘭福，Ruth露絲，North and South北與南（轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，放棄批判現(xiàn)實(shí)）作品發(fā)表在狄更斯的期刊All the Year Round和Household WordsGeorge Eliot喬治艾略特1819-1880本名：Mary Ann Evans會(huì)德語、法語、意大利語Freethinker自由思想家父親是農(nóng)場(chǎng)代理人Her nove

29、ls mark the beginning of a new stage in the development of English Critical realism following that of Dickens and Thackeray進(jìn)步：人物不荒誕，真實(shí)普通倒退：把重點(diǎn)從社會(huì)問題轉(zhuǎn)移到宗教和道德問題翻譯Feuerbach費(fèi)爾巴哈的著作故事集：Scenes of Clerical Life教區(qū)生活場(chǎng)景歷史小說：Romola羅穆拉（意大利文藝復(fù)興）政治小說：Felix Holt the Radical（歪曲了工人運(yùn)動(dòng)）小說：Adam Bede亞當(dāng)貝德，The Mill on the

30、Floss佛羅斯河上的磨坊，Silas Marner織工馬南（最后的）Middlemarch 米德爾馬契，Daniel DerondaProse-writers and Poets of the Mid and Late 19th Century19世紀(jì)中后期的散文家和詩人Thomas Carlyle托馬斯卡萊爾1795-1881蘇格蘭農(nóng)民家庭愛丁堡大學(xué)肄業(yè)“The sage of Chelsea”乞爾斯的哲人“a modern prophet”現(xiàn)代先知英雄崇拜理論愛丁堡大學(xué)榮譽(yù)校長(zhǎng)沒有葬在威斯敏斯特教堂妻子：Jane Welsh文學(xué)評(píng)論家，Romantic school代表作是essays

31、on Burns將德國(guó)文學(xué)介紹到英國(guó)：Life of Schiller席勒的生活 翻譯歌德Goethe的：Wilhelm Meister少年維特第一篇原創(chuàng)小說 Sartor Resartus 再造的縫工（標(biāo)志著他文學(xué)學(xué)徒生涯結(jié)束the close of apprenticeship to literature）History of the French Revolution 法國(guó)革命史（1837，established his literary reputation as a great writer）四個(gè)系列的演講之一，可能是他最著名的作品：On Heroes，Hero-Worship，an

32、d the Heroic in History反映英國(guó)問題的小冊(cè)子：Chartism，Past and Present，Latter-Day Pamphlets傳記小說，最長(zhǎng)的，闡釋英雄崇拜理論：Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell，The History of Frederick the GreatJohn Ruskin萊絲金1819-1900富裕的酒商家庭，母親信教牛津肄業(yè)Art critic藝術(shù)評(píng)論家，后轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)評(píng)論；為唯美主義出現(xiàn)鋪平道路政經(jīng)小品文在薩克雷的Cornhill上發(fā)表遭抗議，F(xiàn)raser也是組建慈善協(xié)會(huì)St.George；為工人開辦

33、藝術(shù)學(xué)校，辦博物館A social thinker and a master of English藝術(shù)評(píng)論三部代表作：Modern Painters現(xiàn)代畫家（五卷，歷經(jīng)17年），The Seven Lamps of Architecture，The Stones of Venice政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)小品文：Unto This Last時(shí)至今日，Munera Pulveris經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)釋義包括兩篇演講：Sesame and Lilies芝麻與百合自傳未完成：Praeterita過去的歲月兒童文學(xué)：The King of the Golden RiverMatthew Arnold馬修阿諾德1822-1888

34、橄欖球?qū)W校校長(zhǎng)的長(zhǎng)子牛津Educationalist of the Victorian Age著名教育家，poet，One of the great literary critics文學(xué)評(píng)論家不可缺的特性-“Disinterestedness”無偏見演講集：On Translating Homer論翻譯荷馬文學(xué)評(píng)論：Essays in Criticism評(píng)論文集，Second Series評(píng)論文續(xù)集社會(huì)評(píng)論：Culture and Anarchy文化與無政府主義評(píng)論宗教：Literature and Dogma文學(xué)與教條著名短抒情詩：Dover Beach多佛海灘T.B.Macaulay麥考利

35、輝格黨劍橋散文家，政治家，演講家，歷史學(xué)家，詩人，評(píng)論家代表作：History of EnglandCritical and Historical EssaysAlfred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892牧師家庭劍橋維多利亞時(shí)期最重要的詩人One of“The Big Three”“Poet of the People”1848年被封爵士，1850年桂冠詩人死后葬在威斯敏斯特和哥哥的小冊(cè)子：Poems by Two Brothers第一本自己的詩集：Poems，Chiefly Lyrical 18331842，Poems （兩卷，大獲成功，奠定詩人地位）三部著名的較長(zhǎng)的詩集：Prin

36、cess，Maud，The Idylls of the King國(guó)王敘事詩（其中Crossing the Bar最好）挽歌集：In Memoriam 悼念 （詩歌成就的巔峰之作）Robert Browning布朗寧1812-小康家里蹲追隨雪萊，喜歡美學(xué)很快放棄政治態(tài)度中產(chǎn)階級(jí)自由主義“The Big Three”維多利亞時(shí)期最重要的詩人詩風(fēng)：晦澀、擅長(zhǎng)內(nèi)心獨(dú)白第一首詩Pauline波林，第二首：Paracelsus杯具：Strafford（成名）Sordello（遭抨擊）戲劇詩：Pippa Passes皮帕經(jīng)過，收錄在詩集Bells and Pomegranates鈴鐺與石榴（吸引了 Barr

37、ett）詩集：Men and Women男人和女人詩?。篢he Ring and the Book 指環(huán)與書最后詩集：AsolandoElizabeth Barrett伊麗莎白巴雷特1806希臘文，希伯來文富豪布朗寧夫人與華茲華斯是朋友對(duì)政治和社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)激進(jìn)主張婦女的工作權(quán)利13歲出版詩集The Battle of Marathon馬拉松戰(zhàn)役翻譯希臘杯具：Prometheus Bound暴露童工制罪惡：The Cry of the Children詩集：Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行詩最出色：Casa Guidi Windows，Poems before Co

38、ngressRobert Louis Stevenson史蒂文森1850-1894建筑師之子愛丁堡大學(xué)新浪漫主義代表風(fēng)格：簡(jiǎn)潔幾近完美注重處理素材的技巧而非文學(xué)創(chuàng)作觀念的價(jià)值Neo-Romanticism新浪漫主義游記：An Inland Voyage 內(nèi)陸游記，Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes騎驢旅行隨筆評(píng)論集：Virginibus Puerisque給少年少女，F(xiàn)amiliar Studies of Men and Books，Memories and Portraits回憶與畫像冒險(xiǎn)浪漫故事：Treasure Island寶島（成名）Kidnap

39、ped誘拐，The Black Arrow黑箭，The Master of Ballantrae，Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde化身博士Walter Pater沃爾特佩特1839-1894唯美主義代表學(xué)者，批評(píng)家，文論家“為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)”Aestheticism唯美主義Studies in the History of the Renaissance文藝復(fù)興歷史研究，（其結(jié)論看作是唯美主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的宣言）哲學(xué)小說：Marius the Epicurean享樂者馬里斯，作者的思想自傳其他：Imaginary Portraits，AppreciationOsc

40、ar Wilde王爾德1856-1900愛爾蘭牛津唯美主義代表，追隨佩特詩人 戲劇家 小說家 評(píng)論家詩集：Poems（模仿三位詩人）童話故事：The Happy Prince and Other Tales，A House of Pomegranates；短篇故事集：Lord Arthur Saviles Crime and Other Stories；評(píng)論集：Intentions；唯一小說：The Picture of Dorian Gray；四部喜?。篖ady Windermeres Fan，A woman of No Importance，An Ideal Husband、The Imp

41、ortance of Being Earnest；杯具：Salome；散文集：De Profundis最后一部：The Ballad of Reading Gaol20th century English Literature20世紀(jì)英國(guó)文學(xué)Samuel Butler塞繆爾巴特勒諷刺資階虛偽道德觀批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說：Erewhon，Erewhon RevisitedThe way of All Flesh眾生之路George Meredith梅瑞迪斯His novels are masterpiece of satirical portrayal and psychological analysisThe Egoist利己主義者Herbert George Wells威爾斯批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義最后一個(gè)代表Rudyard Kipling吉卜林The bard of imperialism帝國(guó)主義詩人小說：Ki