英美文學(xué)要點(diǎn)中英文對(duì)照版

1、Part one: English LiteratureChapter1The Renaissance period（14 世紀(jì)至十七世紀(jì)中葉）文藝復(fù)興1. Huma nism is the esse nee of the Ren aissa n人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的核心。2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all thi ngs人文主義作為文藝復(fù)興的起源是因?yàn)楣畔ＥD羅馬文明的 基礎(chǔ)是以“人”為中心，人是萬物之靈。3. Renaissanee h

2、umanists found in then elassies a justifieation to exalt human nature and eame to see that human beings were glorious ereatures eapable of individual development in the direetion of perfeetion, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to questi on, explore, and enje人文主義者們?nèi)ペ鄰墓糯?/p>

3、 文化遺產(chǎn)中找到充足的論據(jù)， 來贊美人性， 并開始注意到人類是崇高的生命， 人可以不斷發(fā)展完善自己，而且世界是屬于他們的，供他們懷疑，探索以及 享受。4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanist托馬斯.摩爾，克利斯朵夫.馬洛和威廉. 莎士比亞是英國人文主義的代表。5. Wyatt introdueed the Petrarehan sonnet into Englan懷亞特將彼特拉克的十四 行詩引進(jìn)英國。6. The

4、 first period of the English Renaissanee was one of imitation and assimilation. 英國文藝復(fù)興初期只是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)模仿與同化的階段。7. The goals of humanistie poetry are: skillful handling of eonventions, foree of language, and, above all, the development of a rhetorieal plan in whieh meter, rhyme, seheme, imagery and argument

5、should all be eombined to frame the emoti onal theme and throw it into high relief.人文主義詩歌的主要目標(biāo)是對(duì)傳 統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的熟練運(yùn)用，語言的力度與氣概，而最重要的是發(fā)展了修辭模式，即 將格律，韻腳（式），組織結(jié)構(gòu)，意象（比喻，描述）與議論都結(jié)合起來勾畫 出情感主題，并將其極為鮮明生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)出來。8. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissanee England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben J

6、on so文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期英國最著名的戲劇家有克 利斯朵夫 .馬洛，威廉 .莎士比亞與本 .約翰遜。9. Franeis Bacon （1561-1626）, the first important English essayist#蘭西斯.培根是 英國歷史上最重要的散文家。（I）Edmu nd Spe nse埃德蒙.斯賓塞10. the theme of Rederosse is no“tArms and the man,”but something moreromantic- Fierce wars and faithful loves”仙后的主題并非“男人與武器” ， 而是更富浪漫色彩的“殘

7、酷戰(zhàn)爭與忠貞愛情” 。11.It is Spenser?s idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as the poets?poet”正是斯賓塞的理想主義，對(duì)美的熱愛以及精美優(yōu)雅的詩文韻律是他成為“詩人中的詩人”o(II) Christopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫 .馬洛12. As the most gifted of the “University Wits, ”Marlowe composed six plays within his short lifetime.

8、Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II, Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward I馬洛是當(dāng)時(shí)“大學(xué)才子”中最富才 華的人，在他短暫的一生中， 他完成了六部劇本的創(chuàng)作。 其中最負(fù)盛名的是： 帖木爾，浮士德博士的悲劇 ，馬耳他島的猶太人 以及愛德華二世。13. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the prin cipal mediu

9、m of En glish drama.馬洛的藝術(shù)成就在于他完善了無韻體 詩，并使之成為英國戲劇中最重要的文體形式。14. Marlowe?s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama馬洛的第二項(xiàng)貢獻(xiàn)是他創(chuàng)造了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英雄形象。15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneer of En glish drama他對(duì)戲劇發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)是不可磨滅的，為此，它被后世尊為英國

10、戲劇的先驅(qū)。16. The passi on ate shepherd to his lov激情的牧人致心愛的姑娘This short poem is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in English literature.這首短詩是英國文學(xué)詩中最優(yōu)美的抒情詩。(III) William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亞17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI, PartsI, II, and

11、III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Lov?se Labour處Lost.在他戲劇創(chuàng)作生涯的第一個(gè)階段，他創(chuàng)作了五部歷史?。汉嗬?，理查三世，泰托斯 .安東尼以及四部喜?。?錯(cuò)誤的戲劇，維 洛那二紳士，馴悍記和愛的徒勞 。18.In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King

12、John, Henry IV, Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Nigh?ts Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Windsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar在第二階段，他寫了五部歷史?。豪聿槿?，約翰王，亨利四世，亨利五世 以及六部喜劇 仲夏夜之夢(mèng)，威尼斯

13、商人，無事生非，皆 大歡喜，第十二夜，溫莎的風(fēng)流娘兒們 ，還有兩部悲?。?羅密歐與朱 麗葉和裘利斯 .凱撒。19.Shakespeare?s third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriolanus. The two comedies are

14、All處 Well That En ds and Measure for Measures 三階段誕生了莎翁最偉大 的悲劇和他自稱的黑色喜劇(或悲喜劇) ，悲劇有：哈姆雷特，奧賽羅，李爾王麥克白安東尼與克利奧佩特拉 特羅伊勒斯與克利西達(dá)及 克里奧拉那斯。兩部喜劇是終成眷屬和一報(bào)還一報(bào) 。20. The last period of Shakespear?es work includes his principle romantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winte?rs Tale and The Tempest; and his two

15、 plays: He nry VIII and The Two Noble Kin sme n.最后一個(gè)時(shí)期的作品主要 有浪漫悲喜?。翰锟死涟琢侄斓墓适屡c暴風(fēng)雨 。他最后 兩部劇是亨利八世與魯克里斯受辱記 。21. ShakespearSS sonnets are the only direct expression of the po?t own feelings這 些十四行詩都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。22.Shakespeare?s history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity un d

16、er a mighty and just sovereig n is a n ecessit 莎翁的歷史居 U都有這樣一 個(gè)主題：在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下的國家，統(tǒng)一是非常必要的。23.In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the roma ntic eleme nts are brought into full play在 他的浪漫喜居 U 中，莎士比亞以樂觀的態(tài)度對(duì)待愛情與青春，并將浪漫色彩渲染到極致。24.The successful r

17、omantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfu In ess of love and the spirit of pursu ing happ in ess莎 翁在其成功的浪漫主 義悲居羅密歐與朱麗葉 ，頌揚(yáng)了對(duì)愛的忠貞及對(duì)幸福的追求。25.Shakespeare?s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in com mon. Each portrays so

18、me n oble he莎士 比亞的四大悲居是：哈姆雷特奧賽羅李爾王麥克白26. “The King?s government must be carried o”n but carried on for the good of the nation, not for the pleasure of the king“. 國王的統(tǒng)治一定要萬古不變” 但是 這種流傳百世萬古不變的統(tǒng)治是有利于國家利益的，而不是只為國王自己服 務(wù)。27. Thus, he finds no way to solve the social problems. In the end, the only thing he

19、 can do as a huma nist is to escape from the reality to seek comfort in his drea正. 因如此，他才無力尋求到醫(yī)治各種社會(huì)痼疾的靈丹妙藥，最后，他作為人文 主義所能做的唯一事情便是逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，從夢(mèng)幻中找安慰。28. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect n ature and reality他認(rèn)為文學(xué)應(yīng)該是真善美的結(jié)合，應(yīng)該反映天 性與現(xiàn)實(shí)。29. Shakes

20、peare is above all writers in the past and in the present tir古往今來，沒 有一個(gè)作家能與莎士比亞媲美， 他對(duì)后世文學(xué)家的潛移默化也是無可估量的。30. Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, i n literary form or in Ian guage.在他之后幾乎所有的英國文學(xué)家都 在藝術(shù)觀點(diǎn)，文學(xué)形式及語言技巧方面受到他的影響。31. Sonnet 18 is one

21、 of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespea十四行詩第十八首詩莎翁最出色的十四行詩。(IV) Francis Bacon 弗蘭西斯 .培根32. The most import works of his first group include The Advancement of Learning, Written in English; Novum Organum , an enlarged Latin version of The Adva nceme nt of Learni ng培根的作品可分為三類：第一類中最重要的作品有 學(xué)術(shù)

22、的進(jìn)展(用英文著述)新工具(是學(xué)術(shù)的進(jìn)展 的拉丁文增補(bǔ)版)33.One is the knowledge obtained from the Divine Revelation, the other is the kno wledge from the work ings of huma n mi nd.他將知識(shí)分為兩種：一種是通過 神的啟示獲得的知識(shí)，另一種是通過人類用腦思考而獲得的知識(shí)。34. According to Bacon, man?s understanding consists of three parts: history to ma?ns memory, poetry to

23、 man?s imagination and creation, and philosophy to ma?ns reaso n培根認(rèn)為，人類的認(rèn)識(shí)與學(xué)問分為三部分：基于人類回憶的歷史學(xué)， 基于人類想象力創(chuàng)造力的詩歌與基于人類理性的哲學(xué)。35. Bacon, as a humanist intellect, shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about n ature and bravely challe nges the medieval scholastici作 為人文主義者 的培根展示了自己對(duì)于自然界真理的實(shí)驗(yàn)主義態(tài)度，并向中世

24、紀(jì)的經(jīng)院哲學(xué) 家們提出挑戰(zhàn)。36. Bacon% essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulne培根 的散文以簡潔，緊湊，有力度而著名。37. The essays are well-arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cade nee這些散文不僅結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙還大量使用了圣經(jīng)的典故，隱喻和基調(diào)。38.Of Studies 論學(xué)習(xí)Read ing maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and

25、writi ng an exact maft. 書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智。(V) John Donne 約翰.鄧恩39. The imagery is drawn from the actual life詩中的意象都是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中提取 的。40. His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods他的詩歌給人一

26、種固有的戲劇性，展示了看上去零散多樣的經(jīng)歷與觀 念，以及漫無邊際的情感與心境。41. The Sons and Sonnets, by which Donne is probably best known, contains most of his early lyrics.歌與短歌是鄧恩最有名的詩集，囊括了他早期大多數(shù)愛情 詩作。42. In his gloomy poem Farewell to love,” we can see his disillusionmen在憂傷的 詩作告別愛情中，我們就可以感受到他對(duì)愛情幻想的破滅。43. With the brief, simple lang

27、uage, the argument is continuous throughout the poem. 議論依附于一種簡潔平白的語言，并貫穿于整首詩作。(VI) John Milton 約翰 .彌爾頓44. he was entirely occupied with the thoughts of fighting for human freedom他頭月腦 中充滿了為人類自由而戰(zhàn)的思想。45. Milton ?s literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the midd

28、le prose pamphlets and the great poem. 爾頓的文學(xué)作品可分為 三類：早期詩作，中期的散文小冊(cè)子和后期的偉大詩作。46. Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agoniste他的三部偉大詩作：失樂園復(fù)樂園和力士參孫。47. The theme of Paradise Lost is the“Fall of Man”.In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanit

29、y失樂園的主題是人類的沉淪。 在沉淪之中，亞當(dāng)發(fā) 現(xiàn)了自己身上的人性。48. Milt on held that God created all thi ngs out of Himself, i ncludi ng evil.他認(rèn)為上帝 是按照他自己的樣子造出的世界，其中也包括罪惡。49.It opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.為基督自愿獻(xiàn)身開辟了道路， 這也顯示出上帝 欲將人類從罪惡與苦難中拯救出來的同情

30、心。50.In Samson Agonistes, the whole poem strongly suggests Milto?ns passionate longing that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life.在力士參孫中，整首詩都強(qiáng)烈暗示著彌爾頓渴望他自己也能像參孫一 樣，以生命為代價(jià)，與敵人同歸于盡。51.In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a gr

31、eat prose writer彌爾頓畢生都展現(xiàn)了真正的革命精神和非凡的詩歌才華。52. Paradise Lost人類由于理性不強(qiáng)，意志薄弱，經(jīng)不起考驗(yàn)，暗示英國自產(chǎn)主 義革命失敗的原因。Chapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798新古典主義1. In short, it was an age full of con flicts and diverge nee of values 總之，這一時(shí)期 是矛盾與價(jià)值觀分歧的時(shí)期。2. The eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enl

32、ightenment or the Age of Reaso n英國的十八世紀(jì)也同時(shí)是啟蒙主義時(shí)代，或曰理性時(shí)代。3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical a nd artistic ideas運(yùn)動(dòng)的主旨便是用當(dāng)代哲學(xué)與藝術(shù)思想的晨光 啟迪整個(gè)世界。4. Enlighteners held that rationality or reason should be the only, the final cause of any human thought and

33、activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and rules啟蒙者主張理性是任何人思想與行動(dòng)的唯一緣由。他們大力提倡秩序， 理性及法律。5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing, became a very popular mea ns of public education其實(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)的文學(xué)作品種充滿了說教 與道德理念，就已經(jīng)成為大眾教育的良好工具。6. Famous among the great enl

34、ighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sherida n, Henry Fieldi ng and Samuel Joh nso英國著名的啟蒙主義文學(xué)家有約 翰 .德萊頓，亞歷山大 .蒲柏，約瑟夫 .艾迪森與理查 .斯蒂爾（這兩位是

35、現(xiàn)代散 文的先驅(qū)），喬納森.斯威夫特，丹尼爾.迪福，理查.B.謝立丹，亨利.費(fèi)爾丁和 塞繆爾 .約翰遜。7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域，啟蒙主義運(yùn)動(dòng)還使人們重新對(duì)古 典時(shí)代的著作產(chǎn)生興趣。8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accurac

36、y, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. 他們認(rèn)為理想的藝術(shù)應(yīng)基于秩序，邏輯，確切及情感控制的基礎(chǔ)上，而文學(xué) 作品的價(jià)值評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)該看它是否為人文主義服務(wù)。9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developec由此一種溫文爾雅，充 滿靈性的知識(shí)分子文學(xué)藝術(shù)發(fā)展起來。10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of

37、literature. 在幾乎所有的文學(xué)形式中，新古典主義者們都設(shè)定了創(chuàng)作的規(guī)矩與條框。11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets （iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines）; the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather thanin dividual

38、s should be represe nted戲劇必須用英雄體偶劇（抑揚(yáng)五音步的押韻 雙行詩）寫就；時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，事件三要素必須要遵循；寫作的規(guī)矩必須要遵 守，而作品中的人物要代表一類人，而不是個(gè)性化。12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature. 套（ 話 ）但新古典 主義對(duì)英國文學(xué)史產(chǎn)生過持久的全面的影響。13. The poetic techniques and certain classical graces such as order, good form, unified structure

39、, clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have become a perma nent heritages這一時(shí)期出現(xiàn)的詩歌技巧與古典氣質(zhì)，女口 秩序，優(yōu)美的格式，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)，簡明的語言都成為永恒的文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)。14. The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literaryform-the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of ar

40、istocrats, gives a realistic prese ntati on of life of the com mon En glish people. 八世紀(jì)中葉，還興起一種嶄新的文學(xué)形式 英國現(xiàn)代小說，這種文學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)貴族的騎士文學(xué)相反，著重描寫英國普通百姓的生活。15. Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding,Laure nee Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith. 國現(xiàn)代小說的 先驅(qū)有丹尼爾 .迪福，塞

41、繆爾 .理查德，亨利 .費(fèi)爾丁，勞倫斯 .斯泰思，托比亞 斯 .斯摩萊特以及奧立弗 .哥爾斯密。16. From the middle part to the end of the eentury there was also an apparent shift of interest from the elassie literary tradition to originality and imagination, from soeiety to individual, and from the didaetie to the eonfessional, inspirational and

42、 prophetie. 從十八世紀(jì)中葉至十八世紀(jì)末， 還出現(xiàn)了古典文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)向獨(dú)創(chuàng)性與 豐富聯(lián)想性的轉(zhuǎn)移，社會(huì)描寫向個(gè)性描寫的轉(zhuǎn)移，說教向懺悔，鼓勵(lì)及預(yù)示 的轉(zhuǎn)移。17. Gothic novels-mostly stories of mystery and horror哥特式小說-主要講述恐 怖神秘的故事。18. Jonathan Swift?s A Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English

43、literary history喬纟內(nèi)森. 斯威夫特的一個(gè)小小的建議被公認(rèn)為英國文學(xué)史上諷刺作品的經(jīng)典。(I) John Bu nyan 約翰.班揚(yáng)19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly believed in salvatio n through spiritual struggle 作為一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的清教徒，他認(rèn)真 學(xué)習(xí)圣經(jīng)，并深信人一定能通過精神上的奮斗得到拯救。20. he made it possible for the reader of the least ed

44、ucation to share the pleasure of read ing his no vel and to relive the experie nee of his characters.的語言具體生 動(dòng)，情節(jié)鮮明真實(shí)，連沒受過教育的人也能享受到閱讀他的作品的樂趣。21. Bunyan?s other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life and Death of Mr.Badma n. The Holy War and The Pilgrims Progress, Part I班揚(yáng) 其他的

45、作品還有 罪人頭目的赦免，拜得門先生生死錄，圣戰(zhàn)以及天 路歷程第二部22. The Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng)(節(jié)選天路歷程第一部)The Pilgrim?s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all k

46、inds of social evils.天路歷程是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。它的主旨是讓人 們遵循基督教教義，并通過不斷戰(zhàn)勝自身弱點(diǎn)與身外的邪惡來獲得拯救。(II) Alexander Pope 亞歷山大 .蒲伯23. Pope, a very sensitive man, would strike back hard, and in the constant verbal battles he developed a style of bit ing satire蒲伯本身是個(gè)很敏感的人，自然要 用筆墨來反擊，在此期間，他發(fā)展了犀利的諷刺文體。24. For him the supreme

47、 value was order-cosmic order, political order, social order,aesthetic order, and this emphasis on order found expressi on in all of his wor對(duì). 他來說秩序有著至高無上的價(jià)值 宇宙秩序，政治秩序，社會(huì)秩序，美學(xué)秩序。這種對(duì)秩序與理性的強(qiáng)調(diào)深入到了他各部作品中。25. Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711. The ne

48、xt year, he published The Rape of the Lock, a finest mock epic.1711 年，他出版了散文論批評(píng) ，從此奠定了他在詩壇的地位。次年， 他又出版了奪發(fā)記 ，一部極妙的諷刺史詩。26. Pope was the greatest poet of his time. He strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reas on, I ogic, restra

49、 ined emoti on, good taste and decorum蒲伯是當(dāng)時(shí)最偉大的 詩人，他大力提倡新古典主義，強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)作品的優(yōu)劣應(yīng)由古典的秩序尺度， 理性，邏輯，情感的克制，高雅的品位以及是否體面，正派來衡量。27. He worked painstakingIy on his poems, deveIoped a satiric, concise, smooth, graceful a nd well-bala need style他致力于詩歌創(chuàng)作，發(fā)展了諷刺，簡練，通順， 優(yōu)雅，平衡的風(fēng)格。(III) Daniel Defoe 丹尼爾 .笛福28. His quick min

50、d, abundant energy and never-failing enthusiasm always brought him back on his feet after a fall他過人的才智，充沛的精力，旺盛而持久的熱 情總是使他在失敗后能重新站起。29. Robinson Crusoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece. 魯賓遜漂流記是一部體現(xiàn)時(shí)代精神 的游記歷險(xiǎn)小說，是笛福的代表作。30.In most of hi

51、s works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, study middle class and showed his sympathy for the dow ntrodde n, unfortun ate poc在 他大部分作品 中，他都表達(dá)了對(duì)勤勞，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的贊譽(yù)，以及對(duì)破落不幸的窮苦人 的同情。31. Defoe was a very good story-teller笛福很會(huì)講故事。32. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long a

52、nd rambli ng, which leave on the reader an impressi on of casual n arratio他 的語句 時(shí)而短小干脆，樸素直白，時(shí)而又氣勢(shì)磅礴，潑墨如水，為讀者留下了敘述 自由悠閑的印象。33. His Ianguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacula他的措辭簡樸易 懂又口語化，有時(shí)甚至是俗語方言。34. There is no thi ng artificial in his Ian guage: it is com mon En glish at its beat他 的

53、語 言毫無造作，完全是大眾英語。35. Robinson Crusoe: The novel consists actually of three parts. 魯賓遜漂流記： 整部小說分為三個(gè)部分The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century Engl

54、ish middle-class man., the pioneer colonist.其中對(duì)魯賓遜徒手與惡劣的大自然作斗爭的描述是小說最精彩的部分在此，魯賓遜是真正的英雄：一個(gè)典型的英國十八世紀(jì)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)人士。(IV) Jonathan Swift 喬納森 .斯威夫特36.In 1704 he published two powerful satires on corruption in religion and learning, A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which established his name as a sati

55、rist.1704 年，他針對(duì)宗教和學(xué)術(shù)界的腐敗出版了兩篇犀利的諷刺小品，一 為桶的故事，一為書籍的戰(zhàn)斗 。這兩篇作品奠定了他在諷刺作品中的 地位。37. Even today Swift is still respected as a national hero in Ireland#至今日，斯威夫 特還被尊為愛爾蘭的民族英雄。38.In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, en lighte nment is needec他認(rèn)為人性永遠(yuǎn)有著嚴(yán)重的瑕疵，為了使

56、 人的生活更美好，人們需要啟蒙。39.In his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve huma n n ature and huma n in stituti ons在他的作品中，他提倡的不是譴責(zé)，而是 采取行為改良人性與人為的機(jī)構(gòu)。40. His A Modest Proposal” is gen erally take n as a perfect mode他的一個(gè)溫和的 建議被認(rèn)為是一篇完善的典范。41. Swift is one of the greatest masters o

57、f English pros斯威夫特是一名優(yōu)秀的散文 作家。42. He defined a good style as“proper words in proper places”. Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of Ian guage mark all his writings-essays, poems and no ve 他倉 S立了一種良好的 文風(fēng)，即“在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡胤接们‘?dāng)?shù)脑~” 。無論是散文， 詩歌，還是小說， 簡潔， 具體，精確，

58、沒有復(fù)雜的句式永遠(yuǎn)是他的寫作風(fēng)格。43.Swift?s chief works are: A Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, The Drapier?s Letters(note:Drapier=Swift, alias), Gulliver?s Travels and A Modest Proposal斯威夫特的作品主要有桶的故事，書籍的戰(zhàn)斗，德拉皮爾的 信，格列佛游記和一個(gè)溫和的建議 。44. Gulliver?s Travels: Jonathan?s best fictional work, the book contains four parts. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound. 格列 佛游記：是斯威夫特最精彩的一部小說， 全書分為四卷， 它具有重大的社會(huì) 意義，同時(shí)對(duì)人性的探索與揭示也是深刻的。(V) Henry Fielding 亨利.費(fèi)爾丁4