大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作全解課件

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作Bear, School of Foreign Languages, CSU大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試題型 試卷結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試內(nèi)容測(cè)試題型分值比例考試時(shí)間寫作寫作短文寫作15%30分鐘聽力理解聽力對(duì)話短對(duì)話選擇題（單選題)8%30分鐘長(zhǎng)對(duì)話選擇題（單選題)7%聽力短文短文理解選擇題（單選題)10%短文聽寫單詞及詞組聽寫10%閱讀理解詞匯理解選詞填空5%40分鐘長(zhǎng)篇閱讀匹配10%仔細(xì)閱讀選擇題（單選題)20%翻譯漢譯英段落翻譯15%30分鐘總計(jì)100%130分鐘1. 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作要求目前指導(dǎo)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)要求中規(guī)定，一般要求（一般要求是高等院校非英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)生應(yīng)達(dá)到的基本

2、要求，也就是四級(jí)要達(dá)到的水平）的英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá)能力為：能用常見的應(yīng)用文體完成一般的寫作任務(wù)，能描述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、事件、觀感、情感等，能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整、用詞恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)篇連貫。能在一般或應(yīng)用寫作中使用恰當(dāng)?shù)膶懽骷寄堋?. 四級(jí)寫作評(píng)分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2.1. 評(píng)分原則：CET作文題采用總體評(píng)分方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分,而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。從內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言兩個(gè)方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判。內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體，作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)。要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達(dá)思想，也要考慮是否用英語(yǔ)清楚而確切地表達(dá)思想，也就是要考慮語(yǔ)言上

3、的錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解上的障礙。本題滿分為15分,閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。閱卷人員根據(jù)閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)照樣卷評(píng)分，若認(rèn)為與某一分?jǐn)?shù)（如8分）相似，及定位該分?jǐn)?shù)（即8分）；若認(rèn)為稍優(yōu)或稍劣于該分?jǐn)?shù)則可加一分（即9分）或減一分（即7分）。但不得加或減半分。2.2. 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語(yǔ)言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤5分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。8分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。11分切題。 表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。14分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，

4、文字通順，連貫性好，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。Example2011.12 Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time. Youd write at least 120 words but no more t

5、han 180 words.8 分 As is known to all, where there is a will, there is a way. However, there are also many people fail to achieve their dreams. Many people will say, its because they have not good condition or they have not luck chance. In fact, they just have not the strong will to succeed. Take qui

6、tting smoking for example. It has been a world-wide problem that thousands of millions peoples health is been destroyed by smoking. At the same time, we always see many people who have taken action to quit smoking but fail in the time. Because they cant forget the feeling of smoking, and they have n

7、ot strong will to insist it. Only if the one who has strong will, will he succeed in quitting smoking. To conclude, no pains, no gains. We will have our dream come true by our strong will, and nothing succeeds without a strong will.11 分 As a humorous saying goes, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thi

8、ng in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times.” This is, of course the fact, but it also tells us that without strong will, nobody can achieve success. No matter what way you choose, you will surely meet many difficulties. Life is not only filled with victory. Take the saying for example again. Onc

9、e you start quit smoking, you will face a difficult choice every time others pass you a cigarette. Such a dilemma may make you pick your former habit if you dont have a strong will. It is strong will that helps us overcome difficulties. Besides, strong will can make you know what you are seeking for

10、. Madam Curie experienced many times of failure during her study on radium. Newton was regarded as a fool. They gain confidence, bravery, and also achievements from their strong will. As you have seen, strong will plays an important role in life, so I say nothing succeeds without a strong will.14 分

11、The humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of times”, illustrates the astonishing yet common occurrence that many people try hard to give up a bad habit but in vain. They fail because they lack a strong will. In fact, nothing succeeds without a str

12、ong will. Take Thomas Edison for example. He is well-known for his large number of inventions which were created through thousands of unsuccessful experiments. Had it not been for his strong will, he would have merely been wasting time and money achieving nothing. Not surprisingly, Edisons persevera

13、nce is actually a common quality among successful people. As college students, we should bear in mind that a strong will helps set a clear goal for people and provide its owner with the motivation and encouragement in face of difficulties. Indeed, success goes to those who are equipped with a strong

14、 will. A man with a strong will is a man who cannot be defeated. (164 words) 3. 四級(jí)寫作題材和類型四級(jí)寫作的題材具有顯著的現(xiàn)實(shí)性，基本可以分為兩大類：1. 貼近大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)工作及課余生活的校園題材2. 論及當(dāng)前社會(huì)的現(xiàn)象、發(fā)展變化及進(jìn)步的熱點(diǎn)話題。2011.6 Online Shopping1現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已成為一種時(shí)尚2網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多好處，但也有不少問(wèn)題3我的建議2011.12 Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succ

15、eeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time. Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 2012.6 OnExcessivePackaging 1.目前許多商品存在過(guò)度包裝的現(xiàn)象 2.出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因 3.我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法和建議2012.12 A Letter Applyi

16、ng for a Bank Loan 1. 你的基本情況 2.你申請(qǐng)貸款的原因、數(shù)額及用途 3. 你如何保證?？顚Ｓ靡约澳愕倪€款打算2013年6月對(duì)白：子：Dad, Im a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（處理核廢料）父：If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything2013年12月2014年6月Suppose a foreign friend of yours is going to visit your hometown/your campus/China（多

17、題多卷的三個(gè)不同）, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?1. 現(xiàn)象分析型2. 問(wèn)題解決型3. 對(duì)比論述型4. 應(yīng)用文類5. 圖表分析型 3. 四級(jí)寫作題材和類型現(xiàn)象分析型作文命題是關(guān)于某個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象或社會(huì)問(wèn)題的，要求考生分析該問(wèn)題所產(chǎn)生的原因或造成的后果。例 2012.6 OnExcessivePackaging 1.目前許多商品存在過(guò)度包裝的現(xiàn)象 2.出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因 3.我對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法和建議 I assume that you are familiar wit

18、h the phenomenon of “Excessive Packaging”. Taking a look around, we can find examples with ease：a small computer is packed in a thick and heavy carton，clothes are putted in a well-designed plastic bags and moon-cakes are usually placed in delicate boxes. What are the causes of this problem? On the o

19、ne hand, to earn more economic gains, a considerable number of manufactures usually wrap their products with unnecessary but appealing materials aiming at attracting customers attention , arousing their curiosity and then stimulating their purchasing desire. On the other hand, quite a few customers

20、believe that the more delicate the package seems，the superior the quality will be, the notion has also encouraged the trend of excessive packaging. To change this situation, I think we should take the following measures. First, laws must be made and implemented to impose restriction on excessive pac

21、kaging. Moreover, a public education campaign should be launched to arouse customers consciousness that packaging doesnt equal to quality. Only in this way can we put an end to this trend. OnExcessivePackagingRecently , has become the focus of the society . has been playing an increasingly important

22、 role in our day-to-day life . Nowadays there is a growing concern for Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of Many factors lead to the trend of There are several reasons why .There are three reasons, I think, for What is to account for? In fact the reasons are

23、not difficult to get. First, . Second .問(wèn)題解決型問(wèn)題解決型作文通常首先提出一個(gè)有待解決的問(wèn)題，然后要求考生就該問(wèn)題提出解決方法、途徑，有時(shí)還要求考生最后談?wù)撨m合自己的方法。這種題型常見的結(jié)構(gòu)模式是：第一段：導(dǎo)言。描述現(xiàn)狀、困難，提出問(wèn)題。第二段：方法。列舉說(shuō)明處理某事的方法或解決某個(gè)問(wèn)題的途徑。第三段：評(píng)價(jià)、建議或個(gè)人選擇。針對(duì)第二段所闡述的方法給予簡(jiǎn)要的評(píng)論，也可提出個(gè)人建議或選擇，并簡(jiǎn)述理由。例 2010.12 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? 1. 目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2.

24、 為了讓孩子獨(dú)立, 父母應(yīng)該how should parents help children to be independent? Nowadays, there is a growing concern over such a phenomenon, that is, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work and marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it i

25、s only to destroy childrens independence thoroughly. For the future of the next generation, more efforts should be made by parents to help their children to be independent. The fundamental one is to cultivate the awareness, namely, the importance and necessity of being independent, which is supposed

26、 to begin from childhood. Children should be taught that no one can be stronger and more helpful than themselves in this world. The quality of independence is so indispensable for us that parents had better act as a tutor, not a dictator. And only with parents trust, can the next generation accumula

27、te confidence step by step.It is high time that something was done aboutOn the whole, it is high time that every oneIt is essential that effective measures be taken toIn short/ In a word/ In conclusion/ In summary/ In brief/ To sum up/ To conclude/ All in all對(duì)比論述型這類作文多為提綱式作文，議論文體裁。通過(guò)論述相反的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，或分析評(píng)論某

28、一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，然后給出自己的見解和看法，是四級(jí)考試寫作中很常見的作文形式。例Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?1. 很多人認(rèn)為有必要舉行英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)考試，理由是。2. 也有人持不用的意見。3. 我的看法和打算 When it comes to the test of spoken English, peoples opinions differ. Many people believe that it is necessary to adopt such a test. For one thing, fluent speaking ability i

29、s badly needed in todays society that is experiencing reform and opening-up. For another, in a more competitive society such as ours today, fluent spoken English means more advantage you have to beat your rival in competing for a position with much appeal to both of you. Some people, however, take a

30、 different attitude. They regard the test as being unnecessary. In their views, fluent spoken English does not necessarily mean a better job; sometimes, opportunity plays a more important role. Furthermore, many people do not use spoken English at all in their work. As far as I am concerned, I am re

31、ally in favor of the test. On the one hand, it can encourage college students to try every means to improve their spoken English. On the other hand, college students will benefit endlessly in their future career if they can speak fluent English. So I decide to make use of every opportunity to practi

32、ce my spoken English, and surely it will do me much good.Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? （1） There is no consensus of opinion among people as to _. (2) Some people who are in favor of the idea of _ hold that _. (3) For one thing, _. (4) For another, _. (5) Therefore, _ (6) However, those who

33、insist on _ argue that _. (7) In their opinion, _. (8) In addition, _. (9）Thus, _. ( 10) In my viewpoint, _. (11) That is to say, _. (12) In a word, _ (1) There is a heated debate over _. (2) It is commonly accepted that_. (3) In contrast, others think _. (4) Those who hold the first opinion suggest

34、 that _. (5) In their views, _. (6) However, others think _. (7) They argue that _. (8) Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _. (9) First of all, _. (10) Furthermore, _. (11) Thirdly, _. (12) Therefore, _. 圖表分析型 圖表作文的命題形式是根據(jù)圖畫或者圖表，要求考生用簡(jiǎn)潔、生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言把圖表中所提供的信息準(zhǔn)確、完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)。然后進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)論，并得出合乎邏輯的

35、結(jié)論。圖表作文是一種信息的轉(zhuǎn)換。也就是說(shuō)，寫圖表作文時(shí)，首先要以題目中的要求為指導(dǎo)，審慎讀圖，準(zhǔn)確把握?qǐng)D表傳達(dá)的信息，將其擴(kuò)展成文。圖表作文往往是以說(shuō)明為主，圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)是為了說(shuō)明某個(gè)問(wèn)題而提供的，只要問(wèn)題能闡釋清楚，就不必面面俱到地把所有數(shù)據(jù)都在文章中引用出來(lái)。考生要切忌毫無(wú)目的地引用圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)。引用數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)多的同學(xué)往往得分很低。 圖表作文的段落設(shè)計(jì)1. 開頭段-說(shuō)明該圖表反映的概況，選擇能充分說(shuō)明主題的典型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行概述；2. 中間段-對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行仔細(xì)地分析比較，歸納出增減速率，找出產(chǎn)生變化的原因；3. 結(jié)尾段-寫出看完圖表后的想法或評(píng)論，得出自己的結(jié)論。 圖表分析型上圖所示為1990年、19

36、95年、2000年某校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化；請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因 （可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途、價(jià)格或社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明）；你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在計(jì)算機(jī)使用中有什么困難或問(wèn)題。 The chart shows that students are now spending much more time on the computer, from one hour to four hours per week from 1990 to 1995. It is self-evident that it increases sharply to twenty hours in the yea

37、r of 2000. Three possible reasons contribute to this phenomenon. One reason is that most college students now can afford a personal computer due to the sharp decline in its price. Another reason is that they find the computer a wonderful thing to have fun with. For instance, they can chat through QQ

38、 or playing games online. Whats more, from Internet, they can learn things much more quickly than simply from reading books so that they can secure a good job in the future. As a result, all these lead to much more time spent on using computers. However, in my opinion, there are some complaints from

39、 both teachers and students. For one thing, students complain about the less availability of computers and slow speed of the network. For another, some teachers worry that the much more time spent playing computer games or surfing online will lead students to ignore their studies and even do cheatin

40、g instead of doing research by their own.To sum up, in spite of problems concerning the use of computer, computer is still of more merits than defects. 應(yīng)用文類型四級(jí)考試中的應(yīng)用文一般會(huì)給出一個(gè)特定的情景，要求考生根據(jù)該情景寫一封短信、倡議書或演說(shuō)詞等。應(yīng)用文涉及的內(nèi)容多種多樣，但大部分都與日常生活比較貼近, 主要包括：投訴信、求職信、求學(xué)信、拒絕信、道歉信、感謝信、祝賀信、邀請(qǐng)信、求職信、演說(shuō)辭、倡議書、海報(bào)、景點(diǎn)介紹和日程安排等。從歷年真題

41、來(lái)看，應(yīng)用文的考查以信函為主，但近幾年也常涉及其他類型，如倡議書、景點(diǎn)介紹等。（1） I would like to suggest that/ I am writing with my suggestion/ proposal about/ I am writing to express my views concerning我想建議。/ 我寫信來(lái)想就一事提出我的建議。/ 我寫信來(lái)表達(dá)我關(guān)于的看法。(2) You have asked me for my advice with regard to and I will try to make some conducive suggestio

42、ns.關(guān)于你讓我提一些建議，我盡量提一些有益的建議。(3) I feel that it would be beneficial if我覺得如果將會(huì)很有好處。(4) If I were you, I would如果我是你，我將(5) It would seem to me that you could. 在我看來(lái)，你可以(6) As you may agree that或許你會(huì)同意。(7) I hope you will find these suggestions/ proposals/ recommendations helpful/ practical/ useful.我希望你會(huì)覺得這些

43、意見/提議/建議是有幫助的/實(shí)際的/有用的。(8) I trust you will take my suggestion into account.我相信你會(huì)考慮我的建議的。(9) I would be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.我會(huì)很高興看到這方面的改善。(10) I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 我會(huì)準(zhǔn)備好與你進(jìn)一步詳談此事。Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute

44、s to write a letter in reply to a friends inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 建議報(bào)考的專業(yè)級(jí)理由 2. 報(bào)考該專業(yè)的基本條件 3. 應(yīng)當(dāng)如何報(bào)考A Letter in Reply to a Friend December 27, 2008Dear Tom,I am very pl

45、eased to know that you are going to apply for admission to one university. It has been several years since we parted last time, and soon we will probably meet again. In my opinion, you should major in English. On one hand, English is a very popular major at our university and we have modern teaching

46、 methods and prestigious professors. On the other hand, you seem to have a gift for language learning and you are really good at English.As to the preparation for applying for the English major of our university, I suggest you pay more attention to spoken English. If you make a good performance in o

47、ral test, you will have the priority. It is unnecessary for you to be nervous. In addition, when making preparation you should do more model tests. I am sure you will succeed in the exam.Please inform me if there is something I can do for you. I am looking forward to meeting you on our campus.Sincer

48、ely yours,Li Ming4. 四級(jí)作文中的常見錯(cuò)誤4.1. 基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法方面 時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，比較級(jí)，非謂語(yǔ)形式，冠詞用法，可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞，不定代詞單復(fù)數(shù) At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.When I was six years old, my father began to give me English lessons.Having carried out economic reforms in our country, peoples living standard has greatly im

49、proved.Since economic reforms have been carried out in our country, peoples living standard has greatly improved.To improve ones writing skill, regular practice is essential.To improve ones writing skill, one must make a regular practice.4.2. 修飾語(yǔ)不當(dāng)4.3. 少用連詞People have debated whether we should cance

50、l it for many years. Opinions vary from person to person.People have debated whether we should cancel it for many years and the opinions vary from person to person.TV becomes an important part in out daily life. Because we cannot live without it.TV becomes an important part in out daily life, becaus

51、e we cannot live without it.4.4. 指代不當(dāng)People have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.People have been fighting against the influences of TV commercials, but this effort often proves useless.Television provides us with a vivid, colorful world, which ena

52、bles us to enjoy life thoroughly.By providing us with a vivid, colorful world, television enables us to enjoy life thoroughly.4.5. 句子意思表達(dá)不完整We should realize that smartphone is a double-edged sword when we enjoy its convenience and joy.In addition, the corruption is also an important reason.Have mon

53、ey can do many things. There are many people do morning exercise in the park. His joke made me laugh to death.Chinese people are devoting themselves to the physical exercise. Why? Because they think it is very important to their health.How many differences are there between them? Let me tell you.4.6

54、. 中式英語(yǔ)句子.4.7 語(yǔ)篇層面 偏離主題 段落缺乏統(tǒng)一性 缺少連貫性 缺乏邏輯性With the economic growth, peoples life quality have been improved. Many people have extra money. So the question is coming. That is, what we should do, spend the money or save it?Go to college or not, that is a problem. What do Chinese college graduates have

55、 in common with ants? Both of them are countless！Getting job is a big problem for college graduates in China. Some people think it is useless to study in college,4.8. 拼寫錯(cuò)誤environment（環(huán)境，容易寫成enviroment）government（政府，容易誤拼成goverment）modern（現(xiàn)代的，容易拼成morden） respectable（受人尊敬的），respectful（尊敬別人的），respective

56、（各自的）economic（有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)的），economical（節(jié)儉的）delighted（感到高興的），delightful（使人高興的）.historic（有歷史意義的），historical（關(guān)于歷史的）considerate（關(guān)心別人的），considerable（相當(dāng)大的，相當(dāng)多的）sensible（合理的，可感知的），sensitive（敏感的）credible（可信的），credulous（容易輕信的）continual（持續(xù)的，中間有間隔），continuous（持續(xù)的，中間沒(méi)有間隔）satisfied（滿意的），satisfactory（令人滿意的）farther（更遠(yuǎn)，表示

57、距離），further（更進(jìn)一步，表示程度）imaginary（虛構(gòu)的，想象中的），imaginative（想象力豐富的），imaginable（可以想象的）1 長(zhǎng)句和短句變換2 主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句變換3 非謂語(yǔ)從句變換4 比較句變換5 松散到緊湊變換文章優(yōu)化變換句式短句變長(zhǎng)句受漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣影響，很多考生往往會(huì)直接將腦子里的意思譯成英語(yǔ)，而忽略句與句之間的聯(lián)系，,因此，在平時(shí)寫作時(shí)，考生要注意前后句子之間是否存在聯(lián)系，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)各個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)，組成準(zhǔn)確地道的復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句，增加文章的氣勢(shì)?！纠?】【原文】 Lies do harm to those who are b

58、eing told lies. Lies also do harm to those who tell them. 【優(yōu)化】 Lies not only do harm to those who are being told lies, but also do harm to those who tell them. 【例2】【例3】【原文】 Usually, a fact is defined as a truth. The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【優(yōu)化】 Usually, a fact is defin

59、ed as a truth, which can be tested by observation or experimentation. 【原文】 Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty. 【優(yōu)化】 Pressured by school work and encouraged by their

60、 peers, teenagers often resort to smoking, though they feel a little guilty sometimes. 【例4】 【原文】 When I turned right on the corner, a motorbike knocked into a small car. The motorbike was red. There were two persons on the motorbike. The car was yellow. The motorbike fell down. The two persons on th