現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)-中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、精選課件ppt1* * *現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)* * * 精選課件ppt2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成其否定句在其否定句在Have/has后加后加not. 一般疑問(wèn)句把一般疑問(wèn)句把have/has提到主語(yǔ)前提到主語(yǔ)前. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過(guò)去時(shí)一樣）動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過(guò)去時(shí)一樣） 不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化：精選課件ppt3不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-

2、drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken

3、take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become精選課件ppt41。表過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如例如I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過(guò)衣服。我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了衣服干凈了”）I have just had my breakfast. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞通常與表示包

4、括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just（剛剛）（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般疑問(wèn)：已經(jīng)；否定句：（一般疑問(wèn)：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）還） never, ever等狀語(yǔ)連用等狀語(yǔ)連用 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He

5、has not come yet. 精選課件ppt52。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和 for（段時(shí)間）（段時(shí)間）, since（點(diǎn)時(shí)間）（點(diǎn)時(shí)間） 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.以以及及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等連用。等連用。I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 19

6、89. 從從1989年，年， I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?精選課件ppt6注意點(diǎn)一：注意點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造

7、成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)過(guò)去。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 試比較：試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)

8、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）精選課件ppt7Put the following sentences into English.A: 火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的什么時(shí)候

9、開(kāi)走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的.A: 這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了兩年了這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買(mǎi)了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買(mǎi)的你在哪兒買(mǎi)的? A: 在我老家買(mǎi)的在我老家買(mǎi)的.A: 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎你看過(guò)這部電影嗎? B: 看過(guò)看過(guò). A: 什么時(shí)候看的什么時(shí)候看的.1. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it

10、 last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.精選課件ppt8注意點(diǎn)二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意點(diǎn)二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等

11、。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等來(lái)代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。等來(lái)代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。他入黨五年了。他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.T

12、he film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began精選課件ppt9瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to)begin to work

13、/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of精選課件ppt10( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我買(mǎi)一本新詞典已有一星期了。我買(mǎi)一本新詞典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been he

14、re for two days.他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入團(tuán)兩年了。他已入團(tuán)兩年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.這個(gè)人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。這個(gè)人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。精選課件ppt111.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The fil

15、m has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 這輛自行車(chē)我買(mǎi)了兩年了。這輛自行車(chē)我買(mǎi)了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have

16、,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadD精選課件ppt12注意點(diǎn)三：注意點(diǎn)三：have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。

17、布朗來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳c，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如：等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been to

18、 Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？你以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如：中?？傊?，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone

19、to the bookshop. 他到書(shū)店去了。他到書(shū)店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。精選課件ppt13練習(xí)：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空A: Where _1_ Li Fei _1_?B: He _2_ to Hainan Island.A: How long _3_ he _3_ there?B: He _4_ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he

20、wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _5_ never _5_ there.A: How many times _6_ Li Fei _6_ to that place?B: He _7_ there only once. 精選課件ppt14用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Ye