代老師初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)

1、英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài) 上海樂(lè)派思國(guó)際教育上海樂(lè)派思國(guó)際教育 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和八大時(shí)態(tài)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和八大時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成n be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞n 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞n 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞n 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞n 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 be 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的幾種形式動(dòng)詞的幾種形式n am is aren was weren beingn been be動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞的用法1與與名名詞、詞、數(shù)數(shù)詞、詞、形形容容詞、詞、介介詞詞連連用用n I am a doctor.n He is ten.n They are tired.n The cat is under the table. be動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞的用法 nThere be

2、 句型句型n 用于用于不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)之前之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.n 用于用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前之前There are some sheep in the hill.n 用于用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.n 用于用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)There was a book on the desk yesterday. There used to be (過(guò)去常過(guò)去常

3、)a tall tree here.be動(dòng)詞的用法動(dòng)詞的用法nBe 動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用n 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中 We are talking （交談）（交談）now.n 在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中 We were talking （交談）（交談） at this time yesterday. 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 助助動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的的幾幾種種形形式式n do /dont n does/ doesntn did/ didntn will /wontn have, havent /has, hasnt/had hadnt 助動(dòng)詞的用法助動(dòng)詞的用法 n 對(duì)對(duì)句子進(jìn)行否定和疑問(wèn)句子進(jìn)

4、行否定和疑問(wèn)n Do you get up early every day?n I didnt （沒(méi)）（沒(méi)）have lunch yesterday.n Will you be back soon?n He hasnt （沒(méi)）（沒(méi)）finished the work yet.n 在在反意疑問(wèn)句中反意疑問(wèn)句中n He works in a school, doesnt he?n She has never been there,has she?n 在在倒裝句中倒裝句中n They helped the farmers , so did we.n I wont visit the famous s

5、inger,neither will he.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞n 共同特點(diǎn)共同特點(diǎn)n 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)詞原型跟動(dòng)詞原型n 無(wú)論否定、疑問(wèn)、倒裝句、或反意疑無(wú)論否定、疑問(wèn)、倒裝句、或反意疑問(wèn)句都用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞問(wèn)句都用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞n 只有時(shí)態(tài)變化只有時(shí)態(tài)變化，沒(méi)有人稱變化，沒(méi)有人稱變化 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 n 解釋解釋n can / could在表示請(qǐng)求允許的時(shí)候兩者和互換，在表示請(qǐng)求允許的時(shí)候兩者和互換， could比比can語(yǔ)氣更委婉。語(yǔ)氣更委婉。Can I help you?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事時(shí)，在表示有能力作某事時(shí)，could是是can的

6、的過(guò)去式。過(guò)去式。I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 n Must /have toMust 表示主觀意愿，否定句用表示主觀意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否，否定回答用定回答用needntI must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.have to表示客觀條件的限制的表示客觀條件的限制的“不得不不得不”，它有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱變化，需要助動(dòng)詞來(lái)否定和它有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱變化，需要助動(dòng)詞來(lái)否定和疑問(wèn)。疑問(wèn)。I dont have t

7、o carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞n解釋解釋n May 表示請(qǐng)求別人允許表示請(qǐng)求別人允許。May I use your bike?表示可能性表示可能性。He may be a teacher.He may live in this building. 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 n我們所學(xué)過(guò)的系動(dòng)詞是我們所學(xué)過(guò)的系動(dòng)詞是n 變成類變成類get，turn，become，maken 感觀動(dòng)詞感觀動(dòng)詞look，sound，smell，taste，feeln 似乎類似乎類 seem appearn 保持類保持類 stay keepn 系動(dòng)詞

8、只和形容詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)系動(dòng)詞只和形容詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)n I feel hungry.n The day gets longer and longer.n He looked happy.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞n 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞指的是有具體實(shí)義動(dòng)詞指的是有具體行為行為意思的動(dòng)意思的動(dòng)詞。詞。n 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在句中可以做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在句中可以做謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和非非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。n 做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法做謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法 動(dòng)詞會(huì)有四種形式：動(dòng)詞會(huì)有四種形式：?jiǎn)稳?，現(xiàn)在分單三，現(xiàn)在分詞，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞詞，過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞注意：掌握四種形式的變化規(guī)律nHe works in the off

9、ice.nWe are dancing together.nI caught a cold last week.nShe has watered the flower. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞n 做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法（指做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法（指出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之之后后的動(dòng)詞，它受前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制）的動(dòng)詞，它受前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制） 動(dòng)詞會(huì)有三種形式：動(dòng)詞會(huì)有三種形式：n原型原型(do)n動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞(doing)n不定式不定式(to do) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞n用原型：用原型：n let sb. don make sb. don help sb.(to) don had better do 實(shí)

10、義動(dòng)詞n用動(dòng)名詞：用動(dòng)名詞：n like doingn enjoy doingn finish doingn 介詞之后介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞用動(dòng)名詞 be good at doingwhat about doingthank you for doing 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 n用不定式用不定式：n want to don decide to don plan to don would like to don learn to don tell sb. ( not) to don ask sb. (not) to do實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 注意下列詞不同形式的不同用法: remember doing/to d

11、o forget doing/to do stop doing/to do go on doing/to do 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): Present Progressive概念概念: 表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): be (is, am, are) + doing標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：標(biāo)志語(yǔ)： Look! 、 Listen! 、now動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：形式的構(gòu)成：writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking The twins _(wash) the clothes now.

12、Look! He _ (play) basketball over there. Listen! _ Sally _(sing)?are washingis playingIssinging 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 1) 事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞have, belong to, cost, own, exist, include, matter, weigh, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞Know, realize, think see, believe,

13、 suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬間動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, g

14、et, become, turnYou seem a little tired.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): Present Simple概念概念: 表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): do、 does標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：usually、often、never、 sometimes、once a week、 twice a month、every year客觀事實(shí)，普遍真理客觀事實(shí)，普遍真理The earth goes around the Sun.主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.When I grow up,

15、 I will go to America.一般現(xiàn)在表正在一般現(xiàn)在表正在 There goes the bell.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞碰到動(dòng)詞碰到第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要加第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要加 “s”work - works輔音字母和輔音字母和“y”結(jié)尾的詞，如結(jié)尾的詞，如carry -carries以以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加“es”，如，如wash - washesgo - goesdo - doeshave - has 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例句He goes (去去)to school on foot every day.We often have（吃）吃） supper at

16、home.She doesnt do （不做）（不做）her work every Sunday. The twins _(wash) the clothes every day. Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there. How often _ Sally _(sing)?washplaysdoessing一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí): Past Simple概念概念: 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): did標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：yesterday、. ago、 in 1992、 last week/month 1）在確定的）在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間

17、里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的的狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的）表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given

18、 a warm welcome. 比較：比較：Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去) 注意：注意： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。1）動(dòng)詞）動(dòng)詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。等。Did you want anyth

19、ing else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ed形式的構(gòu)成：形式的構(gòu)成：wantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedansweredgot gottenwent goneate eatencut cutwere beendid donesaid saidtook takenswam swumdrank drunkput puthad hadc

20、ame comesaw seen The twins _(wash) the clothes yesterday. The day before yesterday he _ (play) basketball over there. _ Sally _(sing) two hours ago?washedplayedDidsing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): Present Perfect概念概念: 表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): has done、 have done標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：標(biāo)志語(yǔ)：already、 yet、ever、 never、since、for、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have (ha

21、s) + 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞注：注：has 用于第三人稱單數(shù)，用于第三人稱單數(shù)，have 用于其他所有人用于其他所有人稱。稱。 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just，already, before, yet, never, ever等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：等狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have never（從未）（從未） heard of that before. Have you ever（曾）（曾） ridden a

22、horse? She has already（已）（已） finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet（還）（還）? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just（剛）（剛） lost my science book. （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩囊苍S還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?？梢院捅硎緩倪^(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：如

23、：for和和since，以及以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。等。 I havent seen her these days（這些天）（這些天）. She has learnt English for 3 years（三年）（三年）. They have lived here since 1990（自（自1990）. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years（在過(guò)去的（在過(guò)去的350年）年）?注意：表示注意：表示短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞短暫時(shí)間動(dòng)作的詞，如，如come, go, d

24、ie, marry, buy等的完成時(shí)等的完成時(shí)不能與不能與for, since等表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用。等表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用。 Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park. have / has been (to) 表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人很可能不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。不在那里，已經(jīng)回來(lái)。側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷。have / has gone (to) 表示某人表示

25、某人“已經(jīng)去了已經(jīng)去了”某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在某地，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。那里，或可能在路上，反正不在這里。 He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。他曾去過(guò)北京。 （人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒）（人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒） He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。他已經(jīng)去了北京。 （人已走，不在這兒）。（人已走，不在這兒）。 1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影的，強(qiáng)

26、調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完）過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，latel

27、y等。等。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。等不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） She has returned from Paris.（她已從巴黎回

28、來(lái)了。）（她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回來(lái)了。）（她是昨天回來(lái)了。） He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)，三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。為短暫行為。)注意：注意：句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)

29、去時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對(duì)）（對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果) Ive known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表

30、經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷) 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示“做做直直到到” ；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示“到到，才才”。 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到他到10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。點(diǎn)。將暫短性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)和一將暫短性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)和一段時(shí)間連用，其常用的方法有：段時(shí)間連用，其常用的方法有：a.用用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換的主要有：替換的主要有：buy have borrow keep co

31、me/go/become be catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know be+名詞名詞 join the Party be a Party member go to school be a student be+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞 leave be away （from) die be dead put on be on finish/end be over begin/start be on come be here/in fall asleep be asleep go out be outd. be+介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) go to s

32、chool be in/at school join the Army be in the Armye.去掉短語(yǔ)中的暫短性去掉短語(yǔ)中的暫短性動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 come to work work begin to study studyB. 把誤句中表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)把誤句中表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，原動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)改為過(guò)去去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，原動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)改為過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)He come here three months ago.C.用用 “It is/ has been +一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間 +since(一一般過(guò)去時(shí)般過(guò)去時(shí))”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。It is/ has been three m

33、onths since he came here.D. 用用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+has passed + since(一般一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí))”結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： Three months has passed since he came here.3) 暫短性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已成為一種暫短性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已成為一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I havent heard form him for two weeks.He hasnt left here since 1990.4)暫短性動(dòng)詞的否定式同暫短

34、性動(dòng)詞的否定式同until一起連用，構(gòu)成一起連用，構(gòu)成 “ not until”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作直到結(jié)構(gòu)，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作直到until所所表達(dá)的時(shí)間到來(lái)時(shí)才發(fā)生。如：表達(dá)的時(shí)間到來(lái)時(shí)才發(fā)生。如：We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops. - When did you go to bed last night?-I didnt go to bed until my father got home.5) 在在while(表示表示一段時(shí)間一段時(shí)間)引導(dǎo)的從句中，不引導(dǎo)的從句中，不能用暫短性動(dòng)詞，但能用暫短性動(dòng)詞，但when可以，因

35、為可以，因?yàn)閣hen可表可表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示時(shí)間段示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示時(shí)間段誤：誤：While I got to the village, it was dark.正：正：When I got to the village, it was dark.6)暫短性動(dòng)詞的肯定式的完成時(shí)不能和暫短性動(dòng)詞的肯定式的完成時(shí)不能和how long連連用。如：用。如：誤：誤：How long have you borrow the book?正：正：How long have you kept the book? 正：正：When did you borrow the book?2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

36、的用法1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以與時(shí)間段延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，可以與時(shí)間段連用：連用：I have waited for him for nearly two hours.2)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用誤：誤： It rained at eight yesterday morning.正：正： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.3) 在在until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中，若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，既可以用肯定形式，也可以

37、用否定形式，但句子含義不同：否定形式，但句子含義不同：She listened to the radio until her father came back.She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back.1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet ；首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不；首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，se

38、veral times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。完成時(shí)。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be ； 等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 The twins _(wash) the clothes for an hour. He _ (play) basketball since

39、three years ago. How long _ Sally _(sing) yet?have washedhas playedhassung1、概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。、概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。 -|-|-|- 那時(shí)以前那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 2、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法： （1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；句中常用作或狀態(tài)；句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 By the end of last year we had buil

40、t five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university. （2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還可以表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持續(xù)下去。作或者狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或者持續(xù)下去。 Before he slept, he had worked（已工作）（已工作） for 12 hours. （3）在）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 She said (tha

41、t) she had never（從未）（從未） been to Paris. （4）在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完）在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away（逃跑）（逃跑）. （5）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本原本，未能，未能 We had hoped th

42、at you would come, but you didnt. （6）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned（學(xué)）（學(xué)） some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to（開(kāi)始）（開(kāi)始） make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left（離開(kāi)

43、）（離開(kāi)） when he arrived at the party. 1) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。等連詞時(shí)，多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2) 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。需要若干時(shí)間完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。When I heard the news, I was

44、very excited.3) 敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去敘述歷史事實(shí)，可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。時(shí)。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old

45、 ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 3. I _ my son _ a doctor, but he wasnt good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hop

46、e B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，即立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從在的狀態(tài)。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，即立足于過(guò)去某時(shí)，從過(guò)去的某一

47、時(shí)間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時(shí)態(tài)。過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看即將發(fā)生的事情就要用這一時(shí)態(tài)。 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.any more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 3) Wo

48、uld it be all right if he knew his illness? wouldwouldshouldshould動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形（其中（其中 would would 用于各種人稱，用于各種人稱， should should 常用于第一人常用于第一人稱）。稱）。They were sure they would win the final victoryThey were sure they would win the final victory他們堅(jiān)信會(huì)贏得最后勝利。他們堅(jiān)信會(huì)贏得最后勝利。 He didnt expect that we shouldHe didnt ex

49、pect that we should（wouldwould）all be all be therethere他沒(méi)想到我們都在那里。他沒(méi)想到我們都在那里。 He said he was going to tryHe said he was going to try 他說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備試試。他說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備試試。 They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May DayDay 他們說(shuō)這條鐵路將在五一節(jié)通車。他們說(shuō)這條鐵路將在五一節(jié)通車

50、。 We were about to go out when it began to rainWe were about to go out when it began to rain 我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來(lái)。我們正要出去天（突然）下起雨來(lái)。 I didnt know when they were coming againI didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他們什么時(shí)候再來(lái)。我不知道他們什么時(shí)候再來(lái)。 1 1在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：例如：

51、He said he would come to see you when he had timeHe said he would come to see you when he had time 他說(shuō)他有時(shí)間就來(lái)看望你。他說(shuō)他有時(shí)間就來(lái)看望你。 2 2“wouldwould動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)，不管可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)，不管什么人稱，都可用什么人稱，都可用wouldwould。 When he was a child he would get up earlyWhen he was a child he would get up early 他年幼時(shí)，總是很早起床。他年幼時(shí)，總是很早起床。 1We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon（MET93） Aleaves Bwould leave Cleft Dhad left B過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): Past Prog