高中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)解析

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞be/get及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。用法：用法：(1)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道是誰(shuí)或難以說(shuō)明時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如 Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (2) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.【注意注意】(1) 帶雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)帶雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

2、態(tài)，若將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)則保留不變；若將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)則保留不變；若將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前則需加介詞to 或或for。(2) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等接動(dòng)詞不定式等接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to；但當(dāng)它們變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)；但當(dāng)它們變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上態(tài)時(shí)后面的不定式都須加上to，如，如The boss made them work ten hours a day.They were

3、made to work ten hours a day by the boss.(3) 當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report, suggest, think等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。用it作形式作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面，用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，如主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)在后面，用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，如Paper is known to have been first made in China.I

4、t is known that paper was first made in China. 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞am/is/are 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞was/were 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(3) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will 或或be going to be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去

5、分詞，如動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如These books are going to be posted tomorrow.(4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞have/has been 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如We havent been invited to the party.(5) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be being 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如The problem is being discussed by the students.(6) 帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，如Your compos

6、ition must be handed in tomorrow.注意注意:1.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義 cut, read, sell, wear, write, cook, lock, wash等表示主語(yǔ)性等表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)功能的動(dòng)詞接狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，如質(zhì)功能的動(dòng)詞接狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，如These novels wont sell well.(2) want / require / need doing中的中的doing(也可用也可用to be done)用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，如The house requires cleaning at once. 跟蹤演練跟蹤

7、演練 Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry. _ . A. Its repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired 【 解析解析】選選C。由。由Sorry可知，第二個(gè)說(shuō)話者拒絕了第一可知，第二個(gè)說(shuō)話者拒絕了第一個(gè)說(shuō)話者借電腦的請(qǐng)求，只有選個(gè)說(shuō)話者借電腦的請(qǐng)求，只有選C項(xiàng)，第二個(gè)人的理由才項(xiàng)，第二個(gè)人的理由才充分。答句句意：對(duì)不起，我的電腦正在維修。充分。答句句意：對(duì)不起，我的電腦正在維修

8、。(3) 在在“be 形容詞形容詞 to do”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。(4)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞feel, look, smell, taste, sound等。等。(5) 表示表示“開(kāi)始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)開(kāi)始、發(fā)生、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動(dòng)”等的動(dòng)詞。等的動(dòng)詞。(6) 在在be worth doing中，中，doing用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。(7) 不定式不定式 to blame (受譴責(zé)受譴責(zé))，to rent(出租出租)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。形式表被動(dòng)。2. 被動(dòng)形式

9、表示主動(dòng)意義被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義be seated 坐著；坐著；be hidden 躲藏；躲藏；be lost 迷路；迷路；be drunk 喝喝醉；醉；be dressed 穿著。穿著。3. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)。 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：(1)所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2) 表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如hold, benefit, contain, equal

10、, fit, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。等。(3) 表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have, own, belong to等。等。(4) 表示表示“希望、希望、 意圖意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如的動(dòng)詞，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。等。(5) 賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(6) 賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)態(tài)。BC課堂訓(xùn)練課堂訓(xùn)練1. Although many

11、measures _ ,the worlds economy is still going down. A. were taken B. have been taken C. will be taken D. are taken2. This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of the three exchange students from our college. A. had been choosing B. was chosenC. had been chosen D. was choosingCD3. Because of the

12、Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _ to use botanical fuel as a source of power. A. have made B. having made C. are being made D. will be making4.Where can we get your new science fiction? Im sorry ,it _and will come out next week.A. has been printed B. will be printed C. is printed D. is being p

13、rintedB5.Ever since the financial crisis _, many workers _ from their jobs. A. broke out; are laid offB. broke out; have been laid off C. has broken out; were laid off D. broke out; had been laid off1.(2014天津高考天津高考)We wont start the work until all the preparations_ .A. are being madeB. will be madeC

14、. have been madeD. had been made【解析解析】選選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意。考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:我們?cè)谒械臏?zhǔn)我們?cè)谒械臏?zhǔn)備做好之后才開(kāi)始工作。備做好之后才開(kāi)始工作。until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,一一般不用將來(lái)時(shí)般不用將來(lái)時(shí);這里強(qiáng)調(diào)完成這里強(qiáng)調(diào)完成,故選故選C。【高考鏈接高考鏈接】2. (2014大綱版全國(guó)卷大綱版全國(guó)卷)Unless some extra money _ ,the theatre will close.A. was foundB. findsC. is found D. found【解析解析】選選C。考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)

15、態(tài)。句意?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:如果不能多籌如果不能多籌集一些錢(qián)集一些錢(qián),這個(gè)影院就要關(guān)閉。主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)這個(gè)影院就要關(guān)閉。主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),unless引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。此處從句中主語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。此處從句中主語(yǔ)money和和find之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以選所以選C。3. (2013遼寧高考遼寧高考)We are confident that the environment_ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.A. had been improved B. will be

16、improvedC. is improved D. was improved【解析解析】選選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:通過(guò)在減少污染方通過(guò)在減少污染方面的進(jìn)一步努力面的進(jìn)一步努力,我們相信環(huán)境將會(huì)有所改善。根據(jù)句意此我們相信環(huán)境將會(huì)有所改善。根據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)且為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)且為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故選故選B。4. (2012重慶高考重慶高考)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B.

17、are running out C. have been run outD. are being run out【解析解析】選選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意: 供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食供應(yīng)洪災(zāi)地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動(dòng)。物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動(dòng)。run out是不及物動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),排除排除C、D; 由第二句中的由第二句中的before theres none left可知可知, run out是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)。將來(lái)時(shí)。have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 表示

18、動(dòng)作的完成表示動(dòng)作的完成; are running out是進(jìn)行時(shí)是進(jìn)行時(shí), 可以表將來(lái)可以表將來(lái), 故選故選B。5.(2012安徽高考安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _.A. was decorated B. had decoratedC. had been decorating D. was being decorated【解析解析】選選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意: 放學(xué)后我們?nèi)シ艑W(xué)后我們?nèi)ラ営[室讀書(shū)閱覽室讀書(shū), 結(jié)

19、果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)結(jié)果被告知閱覽室正在裝修。由句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞went可知可知, 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去, 而裝修正在進(jìn)行而裝修正在進(jìn)行, 故需要使用故需要使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí); it指代指代the reading-room, 與動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞decorate是動(dòng)賓是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系關(guān)系, 故需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)故需要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 故選故選D項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。6.(2012湖南高考湖南高考)Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life.A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repai