解剖學課件 雙語3

1、 The skull is composed of 23 bones, which may be divided into the cerebral cranium腦顱腦顱and facial cranium 面顱面顱 Skull顱顱Cerebral cranium 腦顱腦顱 (8) larger, upper and posterior part, contains and protects the brainnSingle bones: include qfrontal bone 額骨額骨 qethmoid bone 篩骨篩骨qsphenoid bone 蝶骨蝶骨qoccipital bo

2、ne 枕骨枕骨nPaired bones: includeqtemporal bone 顳骨顳骨qparietal bone 頂骨頂骨 Skull顱顱Bones of facial cranium 面顱骨面顱骨(15) smaller, lower, and anterior part, contains bones that surrounded the eye, nose and mouthnSingle bones: includeqmandible下頜骨下頜骨 qvomer 犁骨犁骨qhyoid bone 舌骨舌骨nPaired bones: includeqmaxilla 上頜骨上頜

3、骨qnasal bone 鼻骨鼻骨 qlacrimal bone 淚骨淚骨 qpalatine bone 腭骨腭骨qzygomatic bone 顴骨顴骨 qinferior nasal concha 下鼻甲下鼻甲Bones of facial cranium 面顱骨面顱骨面顱上頜為中心，上鼻淚，下下頜，面顱上頜為中心，上鼻淚，下下頜，外顴內(nèi)甲后犁腭，舌骨頸前單落腳。外顴內(nèi)甲后犁腭，舌骨頸前單落腳。Frontal boneZygomatic boneNasal boneMaxilla MandibleSphenoid bone parietal bone Temporal boneOccipi

4、tal bone Mandible下頜骨下頜骨Body of mandible nSuperior border: alveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓 nInferior border: base of mandible 下頜底下頜底nOuter surface: mental protuberance 頦隆凸頦隆凸nMental foramen 頦孔頦孔nInner surface: mental spine 頦棘頦棘nDigastric fossa 二腹肌窩二腹肌窩Mandible下頜骨下頜骨RamusnMandibular notch下頜切跡下頜切跡nCoronoid proces

5、s 冠突冠突nCondylar process 髁突髁突qhead of mandible下頜頭下頜頭 qneck of mandible下頜頸下頜頸nMandibular foramen 下頜孔下頜孔nMandibular lingula下頜小舌下頜小舌nAngle of mandible下頜角下頜角nMasseteric tuberocity 咬肌粗隆咬肌粗隆The skull as a whole 顱的整體觀顱的整體觀Skull viewed from above (superior view)nBones: qfrontal bone 額骨額骨qpaired parietal bone

6、 頂骨頂骨qoccipital bone 枕骨枕骨nSutures: qCoronal suture 冠狀縫冠狀縫qSagittal suture 矢狀縫矢狀縫 qLambdoid suture 人字縫人字縫nparietal tuber 頂結(jié)節(jié)頂結(jié)節(jié) nparietal foramen 頂孔頂孔Skull viewed from above (superior view)Internal surface of the calvaria nsulcus for superior sagittal sinus上矢狀竇溝上矢狀竇溝ngranular foveola 顆粒小凹顆粒小凹 narteri

7、al grooves 動脈溝動脈溝Skull viewed from behind nExternal occipital protuberance 枕外隆凸枕外隆凸nSuperior nuchal line 上項線上項線nInferior nuchal line 下項線下項線Internal view of base of skull 顱底內(nèi)面觀顱底內(nèi)面觀Base of skull forms three fossae nAnterior cranial fossa 顱前窩顱前窩nMiddle cranial fossa 顱中窩顱中窩nPosterior cranial fossa 顱后窩顱

8、后窩 Internal view of base of skull 顱底內(nèi)面觀顱底內(nèi)面觀Anterior cranial fossa 顱前窩顱前窩 Formed by orbital part of frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and lesser wings of sphenoidStructures: nfrontal crest 額嵴額嵴 nforamen cecum 盲孔盲孔 ncrista galli 雞冠雞冠 ncribriform plate 篩板篩板 ncribriform foramina 篩孔篩孔Meddle cra

9、nial fossa 顱中窩顱中窩 Formed by the body and greater wings of sphenoid, petrous part of temporalStructures:nBody of sphenoid bone 蝶骨體蝶骨體 nHypophysial fossa 垂體窩垂體窩 nOptic canal 視神經(jīng)管視神經(jīng)管 nAnterior clinoid process 前床突前床突 nTuberculum sellae 鞍結(jié)節(jié)鞍結(jié)節(jié) nDorsum sellae 鞍背鞍背 nPosterior clinoid process 后床突后床突 nSella

10、 turcica 蝶鞍蝶鞍 Meddle cranial fossa 顱中窩顱中窩nCarotid sulcus 頸動脈溝頸動脈溝 nSuperior orbital fissure 眶上裂眶上裂nForamen rotundum 圓孔圓孔 nForamen ovale 卵圓孔卵圓孔 nForamen spinosum 棘孔棘孔nSulcus for middle meningeal artery 腦膜中動脈溝腦膜中動脈溝nForamen lacerum 破裂孔破裂孔 nInternal opening of carotid canal 頸脈管內(nèi)口頸脈管內(nèi)口nTrigeminal impres

11、sion 三叉神經(jīng)壓跡三叉神經(jīng)壓跡nArcuate eminence 弓狀隆起弓狀隆起nTegmen tympani 鼓室蓋鼓室蓋 Posterior cranial fossa 顱后窩顱后窩 Formed by occipital and the petrous part of temporalStructures: nforamen magnum 枕骨大孔枕骨大孔 nclivus 斜坡斜坡 ninternal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口 ninternal occipital protuberance 枕內(nèi)隆凸枕內(nèi)隆凸ninter

12、nal occipital crest 枕內(nèi)嵴枕內(nèi)嵴 nsulcus for transverse sinus 橫竇溝橫竇溝 nsulcus for sigmoid sinus 乙狀竇溝乙狀竇溝 njugular foramen 頸靜脈孔頸靜脈孔 ninternal acoustic pore 內(nèi)耳門內(nèi)耳門ninternal acoustic meatus 內(nèi)耳道內(nèi)耳道Skull viewed from below (inferior view)nalveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓nbony palate 骨腭骨腭nmedian palatine suture 腭正中縫腭正中縫ninci

13、sive foramina 切牙孔切牙孔nincisive canal 切牙管切牙管ngreater palatine foramen 腭大孔腭大孔nposterior nasal apertures 鼻后孔鼻后孔npterygoid process 翼突翼突noccipital condyle 枕髁枕髁nexternal opening of hypoglossal canal 舌下神經(jīng)管外口舌下神經(jīng)管外口nexternal opening of carotid canal 頸動脈管外口頸動脈管外口nstyloid process 莖突莖突nstylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔莖

14、乳孔nmandibular fossa 下頜窩下頜窩narticular tubercle 關節(jié)結(jié)節(jié)關節(jié)結(jié)節(jié) Lateral view of the skull 顱側(cè)面觀顱側(cè)面觀Lateral view of the skull 顱側(cè)面觀顱側(cè)面觀nInfratemporal fossa 顳下窩顳下窩npterygomaxillary fissure 翼上頜裂翼上頜裂 npterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窩翼腭窩 nsphenopalatine foramen 蝶腭孔蝶腭孔 Skull viewed from the front (anterior view)顱的前面觀顱的前面觀F

15、rontal region: nfrontal squama 額鱗額鱗 nfrontal tuber 額結(jié)節(jié)額結(jié)節(jié) nsuperciliary arch 眉弓眉弓 nglabella 眉間眉間Orbit 眶眶pyramid-shaped paired cavitiesnBase: supraorbital notch 眶上切跡眶上切跡 infraorbital foramen 眶下孔眶下孔nApex: optic canal 視神經(jīng)管視神經(jīng)管nWalls qSuperior: fossa for lacrimal gland 淚腺窩淚腺窩qMedial: fossa for lacrimal

16、sac 淚囊窩淚囊窩qInferior: infraorbital fissure 眶下裂眶下裂 qinfraorbital groove 眶下溝眶下溝 qinfraorbital canal 眶下管眶下管Bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔骨性鼻腔nRoof: cribriform plate of ethmoidnFloor: bony palatenMedial wall bony septum of nose nLateral wall qSuperior, middle and inferior nasal conchae 上、中、下鼻甲上、中、下鼻甲qSuperior, m

17、iddle and inferior nasal meatus (underlying each concha) 上、中、下鼻道上、中、下鼻道qSphenoethmoidal recess 蝶篩隱窩蝶篩隱窩 above superior nasal conchanAnterior piriform aperture 梨狀孔梨狀孔nPosterior posterior nasal aperture 鼻后孔鼻后孔 communicates with pharynxParanasal sinuses 鼻旁竇鼻旁竇nFrontal sinus 額竇額竇qLies in frontal bone, d

18、eep to superciliary archqDrain to anterior part of middle meatusParanasal sinuses 鼻旁竇鼻旁竇nMaxillary sinus 上頜竇上頜竇qLargest paired sinus, lie in the body of maxilla;qOpening into middle nasal meatus Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁竇鼻旁竇nEthmoidal cellules 篩竇篩竇q Lie in ethmoidal bone, contains large number of air cel

19、ls, divided into anterior, middle and posterior groupsqAnterior and middle groups drain into middle nasal meatus, while posterior group drains into superior nasal meatusParanasal sinuses 鼻旁竇鼻旁竇nSphenoidal sinus 蝶竇蝶竇qLies in body of sphenoid boneqDrain into sphenoethmoidal recessGeneral characters of the skull at birth新生兒顱的特征新生兒顱的特征nThe skull at birth is large in proportion to rest of the skeleton 1/4 (adult