如何確定英語語篇模式PPT教案

1、如何確定英語語篇模式如何確定英語語篇模式第1頁/共36頁第2頁/共36頁Situation (optional)Aspect of situation requiring a response (i.e. Problem)ResponsePositive EvaluationPositive resultPositive Result/ evaluationcombined in a single statementBasis (optional)positive Evaluation (optional) Most people like to take a camera with them

2、 when they travel abroad. But all airports nowadays have X-ray security screening and X rayscan damage film. One solution to this problem is to purchase a specially designed lead-lined pouch. These are cheap and can protect film fromall but the strongest X rays. 問題問題解決模式是英語中極為常見的語篇模式，經(jīng)常用于解決模式是英語中極為常

3、見的語篇模式，經(jīng)常用于說明文、廣告、科技文章、實驗報告、新聞報道以及故事、說明文、廣告、科技文章、實驗報告、新聞報道以及故事、小說等文學(xué)作品中。小說等文學(xué)作品中。第3頁/共36頁General statementSpecific statement 1Specific statement 2Specific statement 3General statementGeneral statementSpecific statement Even more specificEven more specificGeneral statement Knowledge often results onl

4、y after persistent investigation. Albert Einstein, after a lengthy examination of the characteristics of matter and energy, formulated his famous Theory of Relativity, which now acts as a basis for further research in nuclear physics.Using plaster casts of footprints, fingerprints, and stray stands

5、of hair, a detective pertinaciously pursues the criminal. After years of work,Annie Jump Cannon perfected the classification of the spectra0f some 350,000 stars. Investigations into the causes of polio have provided us with the means for prevention and cure of this dreaded disease only after many ye

6、ars of research. As students, we too are determined in our investigation to find, retain, and contribute to the store of human knowledge. 這一模式在宣傳材料、自然科學(xué)、社會科學(xué)的論說文這一模式在宣傳材料、自然科學(xué)、社會科學(xué)的論說文中，在文學(xué)作品、百科全書中很常見。中，在文學(xué)作品、百科全書中很常見。第4頁/共36頁Situation Claim Reason for claim Denial or negative evaluation of claim Co

7、rrection Reason for correctionAffirm Reason for affirm Reason for denialI have in my possession a copy of a press release from Sir Aaron Klug, the president of the Royal Society dated April 1996a month after it was officially admitted that BSE was probably the cause of the new variant CJD. In it he

8、stated that “the sheep from the disease, called Scrapie, is known not to infect humans.” we know no such thing. What we know is that we do not know whether Scrapie can infect humans and cause CJD, a very different matter. 這一模式的詞匯標(biāo)志包括：提出主張的詞匯有：assertion, assumption,Belief, claim, conclusion, expect,

9、guess, illustration, speculation, Suggestion, theory, think等；在反應(yīng)部分，標(biāo)志詞匯有：affirm, agree,Confirm, concur, evidence, fact, know, real; contradict, challenge, Correct, deny, dismiss, disagree, mistake, object to, not true等。第5頁/共36頁(Situation)Question Answer Positive evaluation Rejection 與問題與問題解決模式不同的地方在

10、于：提問解決模式不同的地方在于：提問-回答模式通常在回答模式通常在語篇開頭有顯性的帶有疑問號的疑問句；二是這種模式的動語篇開頭有顯性的帶有疑問號的疑問句；二是這種模式的動機是尋求一個令人滿意的回答；三是提問機是尋求一個令人滿意的回答；三是提問回答模式是匹配回答模式是匹配-比較型，而不是序列型，模式主要是通過重復(fù)法獲得信號比較型，而不是序列型，模式主要是通過重復(fù)法獲得信號標(biāo)志，提問與回答之間沒有邏輯順序關(guān)系。標(biāo)志，提問與回答之間沒有邏輯順序關(guān)系。提問提問回答模式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在演說、政論、說教、報道等語篇中回答模式經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在演說、政論、說教、報道等語篇中。第6頁/共36頁第7頁/共36頁neverth

11、eless, on the one (other) hand, contrary, in contrast, rather, although, while, different from, oppositely等。等。第8頁/共36頁第9頁/共36頁第10頁/共36頁第11頁/共36頁第12頁/共36頁第13頁/共36頁第14頁/共36頁第15頁/共36頁篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要的解題策略有：篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題主要的解題策略有：第16頁/共36頁(1)了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式。從段落組織方式上講，了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式。從段落組織方式上講，常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)總分式結(jié)構(gòu)(總總分

12、；分； 總總分分總；總； 分分總總)； 并列式結(jié)構(gòu)并列式結(jié)構(gòu)(段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對獨立段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對獨立); 對照式結(jié)構(gòu)對照式結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)形式上是一正一反結(jié)構(gòu)形式上是一正一反)。1. 考查對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握；考查對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握； 文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。文章絕不是互不相干的句子雜亂無章的堆砌。理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。這就要求學(xué)生不但要理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。這就要求學(xué)生不但要理解文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，還要把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和行理解文章的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，還要把握文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和行文脈絡(luò)，即句與句，段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，切忌只文脈絡(luò)，即句與句，段與段之間的邏

13、輯關(guān)系，切忌只注重詞和句的理解而忽視對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。注重詞和句的理解而忽視對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。第17頁/共36頁(2)了解文章的論證方法。從論證方法了解文章的論證方法。從論證方法上上 講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：講，常見的議論文結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩類：Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question (提出提出問題問題分析問題分析問題解決問題解決問題); Argument/Idea Evidence Conclusion/Restating the idea (由論點由論點到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強調(diào)論點到論據(jù)到結(jié)論或者強調(diào)論點)

14、。1. 考查對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握；考查對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握；第18頁/共36頁2. 考查根據(jù)現(xiàn)有文章預(yù)測后文內(nèi)容的能力考查根據(jù)現(xiàn)有文章預(yù)測后文內(nèi)容的能力第19頁/共36頁 了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中，證和對比等寫作手法。其中，“引用引用”和和“例證例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法，是歷年是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法，是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向。高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向?！耙靡谩焙秃汀袄C例證”的共同目

15、的就是增強說服力，以更好的共同目的就是增強說服力，以更好地達(dá)到說理和說明的目的。地達(dá)到說理和說明的目的?！耙靡谩焙秃汀袄C例證”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。3. 考查考生對文章寫作手法、修辭手段的鑒考查考生對文章寫作手法、修辭手段的鑒賞能力賞能力 。第20頁/共36頁Attention 第21頁/共36頁 2013重慶卷節(jié)選重慶卷節(jié)選 In the mid1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(層層) of large stones covered wi

16、th a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs(the central part of a wheel) came into being, 第22頁/共36頁followed by the pneumatic tyre(充氣輪胎充氣輪胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were inven

17、ted in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.第23頁/共36頁66. How is the last paragraph mainly developed? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By following time order. D. By making classifications.解析解析 C

18、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。該段看似舉例，但這些篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。該段看似舉例，但這些例子均是按時間順序由遠(yuǎn)及近敘述的。例子均是按時間順序由遠(yuǎn)及近敘述的。第24頁/共36頁 2013重慶卷節(jié)選重慶卷節(jié)選 It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean, but where it meets land, its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.It mimics(模模仿仿)nearly perfectly the stea

19、dy breathing of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existences, too; 第25頁/共36頁unimaginable quantities of creatures, little and large alike, mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of subocean vitality. And it has apsychology.

20、 It has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.第26頁/共36頁71. In the last paragraph, the Atlantic is compared to _ A. a beautiful and poetic place B. a flesh and blood person C. a wonderful world D. a lovely animal解析解析 B寫作方法題。

21、該文通過詩詞和擬人寫作方法題。該文通過詩詞和擬人化的描寫把大西洋比作有血有肉的人?；拿鑼懓汛笪餮蟊茸饔醒腥獾娜?。第27頁/共36頁 2013陜西卷節(jié)選陜西卷節(jié)選 According to sociologists(社會學(xué)家社會學(xué)家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(階層階層). Class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.Class means a persons econom

22、ic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.第28頁/共36頁While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the low

23、er class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $ 500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $ 50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!第29頁/共36頁 Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions

24、 of great power (such as governors) exercise(行行使使) big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, 第30頁/共36頁but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相應(yīng)的相應(yīng)的) economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledg