the End of American Civil War

1、ally v/n. Italy allied itself with Germany during World War II.在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間意大利和德國結(jié)成同盟國Several tribes allied to fend off the invaders.幾個(gè)部落聯(lián)合起來抵抗侵略者They entered the war as an ally of France.作為法國的盟國參戰(zhàn)2. Approximate v/adj.This meat substitute approximates the real thing.His description approximated (vi) t

2、o the truth but there were a few errors. 他的描述與事實(shí)已經(jīng)接近，但是有一些錯(cuò)誤。The cost is only approximate.1The design approximates perfection.這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)幾乎是完美的。The approximate time of the accident was three oclock. 事故的大致時(shí)間是三點(diǎn)鐘。3. deem vHe deemed it (to be) his duty to help (v.).他認(rèn)為助人是他的責(zé)任。He deemed it an honor if the mini

3、ster came to see him.They deemed the results (to be) unsatisfactory (adj.). 他們認(rèn)為結(jié)果不令人滿意He deemed it was time for a change.他覺得是換換環(huán)境的時(shí)候了deem highly of 對.給予高度的評(píng)價(jià)* “deem” is more subjective than “consider “emphasizing judgment than analytical thought24. Denote （ fml. ）a frown that denoted increasing imp

4、atience.表明越來越不耐煩地皺眉A flashing yellow light denotes caution.閃爍的黃燈表示警告Connote: (fml. Of a word) suggest a feeling, an idea, etc. as well as the main meaning ; express or state indirectly 含義，意味著；包含；暗示 ; 含言外之意 But while “feminism” seems to connote a radicalism out of the mainstream, most women have very

5、 definite beliefs about the equality of the sexes 5. Destined adj. (fml.)a foolish scheme destined to fail; 一個(gè)注定要失敗的愚蠢方案；a film destined to become a classic.一部必定會(huì)成為經(jīng)典的電影They were destined never to meet again.命運(yùn)注定他們永不再相逢。be destined for sth. 預(yù)定, 指定They destined him for the navy. 他們指定他去海軍。36. Dispropo

6、rtionate adj. ( to)The boy gives a disproportionate amount of ones time to games。 這男孩用于游戲的時(shí)間不成比例。They suddenly found out that they had spend a disproportionate amount of their money on clothing.他們忽然發(fā)現(xiàn)他們花在衣物上的錢太多了。7. immerse v.scholars immerse themselves in their subjects.埋頭于課題的學(xué)者The whole town was i

7、mmersed in a festival atmosphere.全鎮(zhèn)沉浸在節(jié)日的氣氛中。8. in the event of : 發(fā)生 in case sth. should happen in the event of a war: in case a war should break out.4 in the event of an emergency: in case there should be an emergency.9. intercept vt.The parcels of drugs were intercepted by the Customs House before

8、 they were delivered.這些成包的毒品在運(yùn)到前被海關(guān)截獲了。intercept the enemys battle plan 截獲敵人作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃an intercept (n) station 【軍】偵聽臺(tái)an intercept mission 【軍】截?fù)羧蝿?wù)rushing skyward like a fighter going up on an interception 象戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛上去進(jìn)行攔截那樣沖向天空threw three interceptions in one game一次比賽中傳了三個(gè)被斷的球510. Probe (into)She tried to probe

9、 my mind and discover what I was thinking.(喻) 她試圖探查我的心意,想知道我在想什么。調(diào)查；刺探to probe rumors/ a matter to the bottom 徹查謠言來源/徹底調(diào)查一件事11. restrictbe restricted within narrow limits 限于狹窄的范圍內(nèi)be restricted in ones movements 行動(dòng)受約束be restricted by time law 受時(shí)間法律限制Discussion at the meeting is restricted to the agen

10、da. 這次會(huì)上的討論只限于議程上的項(xiàng)目。to restrict oneself to two cigarettes a day.限制每天吸兩枝香煙612. reviseHe was revising what he had written.他正在修改他所寫的東西。Ill have to revise my ideas about Tom.我必須改變對湯姆的看法。Ive been revising all week.我整個(gè)星期都在復(fù)習(xí)。separate adj.subordinatedeliberatedegeneratemoderateestimateelaborateduplicate71

11、3. . to stem from : to derive from ; to develop from eg. The present difficulties stem from our failure to deal with the problem with it first arose .to give weight to : to consider sth importance at work : doing their work ; operating (人)在工作，在干活(特指日常工作)從事于; 忙于(某項(xiàng)工作)(與on或upon連用) ; (機(jī)器)在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；(因素)在起作用；活

12、動(dòng)著 personal preference : personal likes or dislikes sth you like more than any other thing 17. cannot help but feel: cannot help feeling18. in a broad sense / in a narrow sense , / in a general sense; in the broad meaning of sth. 818. to be relevant to : to be related to the matter at hand to the po

13、int eg. His nationality isnt relevant to whether hes a good lawyer .19. the high seas: the areas of ocean around the world that do not belong to any one nation 公海20. battery:炮兵連 a basic tactical artillery unit, corresponding to the company in the infantry. 21. note: a formal written diplomatic commu

14、nication (外交照會(huì))922. remains：parts which are left (遺留物；遺址；)23. minister: high official of state appointed to head an executive/administrative department of government.24. model:one serving as an example to be imitate/compared. 范例10limit confine restrict limit， restrict， confine， circumscribe :to esta

15、blish or keep within specified bounds. 這些動(dòng)詞指建立或保持在一定范圍內(nèi)。limit refers principally to the establishment of a maximum, as of quantity, degree, or time, beyond which a person or thing cannot or may not go: 主要指在數(shù)量、程度或時(shí)間上確定最大值，人或事物不可能或不可以超越它：The Constitution limits the Presidents term of office to four ye

16、ars. 憲法規(guī)定總統(tǒng)的任期四年。11“Liberty, too, must be limited in order to be possessed” (Edmund Burke). To restrict is to keep within prescribed limits, as of choice or action: “為了維護(hù)自由，自由同樣要受到限制 （埃德蒙伯克）。restrict 指保持在規(guī)定的范圍內(nèi)， 如選擇或行動(dòng)：“a pardon, so restricted that none were likely to be forgiven save those who had

17、done no wrong” (John Lothrop Motley). 請?jiān)?，如此地?yán)格限制以致于除了那些從沒做過錯(cuò)事的人，沒有人可饒恕 （約翰洛特諾普莫特列）。The sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted to those over 21. 酒精飲料只能出售給21歲以上的成年人。12confine suggests limits that imprison, restrain, or impede: 暗示束縛性、限制性的或阻撓性的限制：All prisoners will be confined to their cells. 所有的囚犯必

18、須關(guān)在牢房里。Interest in Asia is no longer confined to scholars. 對亞洲感興趣的人已不單限于學(xué)者了。He is confined to the house by illness. 他因病而閉門不出。I shall confine myself to the subject of geography. 我將專攻地理學(xué)。circumscribe connotes an encircling or surrounding line that confines and especially that confines narrowly: 限制；在周圍

19、畫線 13 暗示一條起限制作用的環(huán)繞或包圍的線，尤指限制范圍小的這樣的線： “A man . . . should not circumscribe his activity by any inflexible fence of rigid rules” (John Stuart Blackie). 人不應(yīng)該將自己的行為限制在由僵化的條文構(gòu)成的不可變通的范圍之內(nèi) （約翰斯圖爾特布萊基）cause: n.That which produces an effect, result, or consequence Historians always try to find the causes an

20、d effects of historical events. Religious describe God as the primary cause who gives everything that first push.14 Zhou Chu killed the tiger and the terrible crocodile, but he did not realize that he himself was the main cause of the peoples sufferings.2. a goal or principle served with dedication

21、and zealNo difficulties or sufferings could weaken my grandparents will to fight for the revolutionary cause.to cause: to be a cause of; to make happen or bring aboutNo man cause more grief than that one clinging blindly to the vices of his ancestors. - William FaulknerHistorians still did not know

22、for sure what caused Hitler to move his troops suddenly east.15to oppose: be in contention or conflict with; be against or hostile toWe must try and unite with those who opposed us.I strongly oppose the idea of treating peasants as second-class citizens.No policy can please everyone. Those who are l

23、ikely to be losers are bound to oppose it.to be opposed to:Few people will be opposed to a reform if their interests are not hurt.as opposed to: in contrast to 與相對；與 成對比；和相反/對照opposition n.His policies met with strong opposition in the party itself.16opposite prep. or n. 對立面；反義詞 Opposite our school

24、is a little restaurant which students frequent.She sat down opposite her.The oppositeof globalization is regionalization.Right now both trends seem strong. loan n.a sum of money lent at interestMoat of the banks income comes from the loans it gives to business enterprises.It no longer has any credib

25、ility to raise more bank loans.172. anything lent for temporary use?The boy asked Mrs. Stow for the loan of his binoculars.When he got there, he got a car on loan.to conclude:To bring to an end; to close or finish The discussion was concluded early this week.2. To come to an agreementAfter long pati

26、ent negotiations, they concluded a peace treaty.3. To reach a decision; to form an opinionFrom the latest statistics, we can conclude that our economy is going to recover vigoriously.18conclusion n.to come/draw to a conclusionBecause the activities of ordinary people are usually not recoded, historians sometimes draw the wrong conclusion that history is m