開言英語寫作基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練課課程內(nèi)容week6unit

1、第 1 頁k 6 Unit 1: Paraphrasing & Summary這周的寫作課要學(xué)習(xí)如何總結(jié)和改寫。Paraphrasing and summarizing are essential skills for anyriting in an academic and business context. 改寫和總結(jié)是學(xué)術(shù)寫作或者商務(wù)寫作中十分重要的技能。They c so be one of the most challenging aspects of writing, espe lly if its in your second language. 不過它們可能是寫作中最具 的一環(huán)

2、，尤其是在二語寫作中。The practice we had with syntax will hopefully help you his lesson.之前學(xué)習(xí)的“語序”技能會(huì)在這個(gè)部分幫到大家Summary 總結(jié)A summary is just a shortened verof a source. “總結(jié)”是一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)潔版本。You condense the informationo a sentence or paragraph roughly 1/10 of the size of the original. (10:100) 你要把原來的內(nèi)容縮減到十分之一。The best

3、way to get better at this is to practice and revise the summaries you write.練結(jié)”最好的辦法是反復(fù)練習(xí)、修正你寫的內(nèi)容。第 2 頁How to1. Focus on small sections of the material - I suggest p ragraph by paragraph, so you canreally identify the main ideas. 專注于材料中的一個(gè)小部分。我建議大家一段一段地讀，以便你能明白段落主旨。Look for patterns. 要注意形式結(jié)構(gòu)。Conside

4、r the po s he slide above. 想 上面的 中提到的這些重點(diǎn)。Take notes - t just copy the original words. Put the po s in your own words from the start. 記筆記：原文中的詞記下來，而要用自己的話來回答上面的這些重點(diǎn)問題。Write out your summary sentence. - Try fo e sentence to summarize one paragraph.的總結(jié)句子寫下來。試著用一句話總結(jié)一段段落。Double check you e caught all t

5、he key po s and e the same meaning. 檢查一下，你有沒有回答了所有的重點(diǎn)并且和原文相符。?第 3 頁Summary Example 1Are there any transition wordst can help you identify the key ideas? 有沒有找到可以幫你總結(jié)出重點(diǎn)的過渡詞？The next slide shows four options - which one best summarizes the ENTIRE paragraph下面這張圖有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最好地總結(jié)了整段段落？第 4 頁The three are r

6、eally specific - they aren t general enough to cover ALL of the ideashe paragraph. 前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都太具體了。們不足以涵蓋這段段落。#4 does this - all of the main ideas are wrapped upo ontence. 第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)把這段所有的意思都用一句話表達(dá)出來了。Practice 1Read the following passage and take notes to identify the main pos. 讀一讀下面這段1.短文，把重點(diǎn)都記下來。ummarizing

7、the paragraphs main pos. 用一句話概括這段短文。2.Come a senten第 5 頁Several factors about the envi ment influence our be iour. , temperature can influence us gre y. We seem to feel best when the temperature is he high teens to low 20s. If it is too hot or cold, we e trouble concentrating. Lighting also influenh

8、ow we function. A dark lecture hall may erfere with the lecture, or a bright nightclub might spoil romconversation. Finally, our be iour is affected by colour. Some colours make us feel aceful while others are exciting. If you wanted a quiet room in which to study, for example, you would not pa it b

9、right orange or red.第 6 頁P(yáng)araphrasing 改寫vs. quoting 和 “” 有什么區(qū)別?Useful when you cant rephrase the idea any bettern the original是在你不能更好的表述原文的時(shí)候用的。Doesnt show prosing of information不能展示你是如何處理、消化原文信息的。Shoullye one quote page 一頁里只能有一個(gè)。Paraphrasing: What is it? “改”是什么？Putting someone elses ideaso YOUR wor

10、ds AND sententructure 在你自己的句子里加入別人的觀點(diǎn)。Shows understanding and prosing of info 展示出你是如何理解和處理信息的。vs. summary 和 “總結(jié)” 有什么區(qū)別？Summary is condensing info “總結(jié)”是壓縮信息。Paraphrasing is puttingt infoo your words “ 改寫”是把信息變成你自己的語言。Do we need to cite? 需要標(biāo)注出處嗎？You MUST cite and reference even when paraphrasing! 即使你已

11、經(jīng)改寫了，也需要注明出處。Its someone elses ideas - you must give them credit. 這是別人的觀點(diǎn)，你必須標(biāo)明。a tip 小貼士第 7 頁ExampleLook at these three paragraphs to see the progresfrom original to paraphrasing.讀一下下面 3 段短文，理解一下從原文到改寫是如何處理的。Paraphrase as soon as you start taking notes. 從你開始記筆記時(shí)，就開始改寫。a warning 警告Capturetheoriginal

12、authors messageinentirety and matchstyle(objective/subjective) 要完全理解原作者的意思，符合原文的風(fēng)格，不要曲解。第 8 頁Here is a shortened summary.While this is shortern the original, the vocabulary and sententructure is too similar. 雖然改寫的版本比原文短，但是用詞和句子都與原文太相像了。Heres a muore condensed vert also uses the writ rs own style and

13、 language. 下面這個(gè)改寫版本更加簡(jiǎn)潔，而且也與原文的語言風(fēng)格相符。第 9 頁Theing practice exercises will become more difficult as you move along. 接下來的練習(xí)會(huì)漸漸變難。With theone, Ie given you thesible answers which best paraphrase thegiven senten. 第一個(gè)練習(xí)(Practice 2)，我已經(jīng)給出了最優(yōu)改寫版本的句子。The secone will ask you to paraphrase senten- using your

14、own words. 第二個(gè)練習(xí)(Practice 3)你需要用自己的句子改寫另一個(gè)句子。The next two are similar to paraphrasing senten- but youll need to do a wholeparagraph. 最后兩個(gè)(Practice 4&5) 你要用自己的語言改寫一個(gè)段落。第 10 頁P(yáng)ractice 2Which sentenare closesteaning to the sentenbelow?1. Is been reportedt the richest one percent of Americans own 40% of

15、 the countrys wealth.The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans.If the gap betn rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the richest one percent will soon own 40% of the countrys wealth.40% of the countrys wealth ishe hands of only 1% of Americans.99% of Americans ow

16、n 40% as much as the richest 1%.2.The judge was reved when the jury was finally ready to announce its verdict.When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was reved.The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict.The judgeed the prospect of an imminent verdict.The juryed the judges ref.3. Research

17、 data suggestt girls who witnessed maternal abuse may tolerate abuse as adults moren girls who did not.A. Women who witnessed the abuse of their mother as teens are more likely toeabusive adults.Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young are more likely to endure abuse themse

18、lves.Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own children.Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more readily.4. Marthinkst the ie of adolescent problems is important to write about.Marthinkst adolescents like to write about their problems.Marfeelst

19、writing about adolescent problems is worthwhile.Practice 3Write your own paraphrase for the following senten:1.A local newspr claimst 75% of all homeless peopleot like homeless sheltersand prefer to live as theyow.2.ny told his auntt a bear had attacked him, which she found difficult to beve.3.Anyho

20、 has ever driven through the Mojave Desert knowst one should alwayscarry a supply of extra water.4.Of the 138 million acres of landt Native Americans owned in 1887, 90 million acreswere taken away by whites by 1932.5.A woman who was nominated by theto head the department was quicklyapproved by thof

21、trustees.Practi4 & 5Remember to:look for patterns of languagelook for transition wordstake notesinclude all key ideascheck the meaning/poof view is the same第 11 頁4: Write your own paraphrase for the following paragraph:“The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a

22、 bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when anized crime ruled the cities, and theseemed erless to do anythingC. Marbevest the dream of most adolescents is to write something important.D. Marthinkst adolescents can write about their problems.第 1

23、2 頁Most people drink orange juice and eat oranges because they are said to be rich in vitaminC. There are also other foods t are rich in vitamin C. It is found in citrus fruits and vegetable ch as broccoli, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, and carrots. Vitamin C is important to our health. Do you real

24、ly know how essential this nutrient is to our health and wellbeing? Our body needs to heal itself. Vitamin C can repair and prevent damage to the cells in our body and heal wounds. It also keeps our tee nd gums healthy. t is not all. It protects our body from infection ch as colds and flu and also h

25、elps us to getRead the passage. 閱讀下面的短文。Highlight or underline nesary information (h: there are five important ideas). 標(biāo)注出重要信息（提示：一共有 5 個(gè)重要觀點(diǎn)）Write your summary. 總結(jié)短文。against it. Classical music was f otten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armst g, and Count

26、 Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born he twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more n anyone or anything else, Americas break with the past.” From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25.5: Write your own paraphrase for

27、the following paragraph:“While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscr r engineering so far, its unlikely t architects and engineers e aban ed the quest for the worlds tallest building. The question is: Just how 111 high can a building go? Structural engineer William LeMe rier

28、 has designed a skyscr r nearly one halfhigh, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims t existing technology could produce a 500-story building.” From Ba an, “Reaching for the Sky.” Dial (May 1990): 15.k 6 Assignmentk 6 寫作作業(yè)第 13 頁better faster when we e these infections. t is why a lot of people drink orange juice and take vitamin C tablets ev