2019年翻譯資格考試三級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)材料糧食安全

1、2019年翻譯資格考試三級(jí)口譯實(shí)務(wù)材料：糧 食安全之源漢譯英糧食安全之源我們的星球很渴。它之所以渴是因?yàn)樗囸I。它用于生產(chǎn)供 養(yǎng)人類的糧食所需要的水比用于人類飲用的水多一千倍。水是可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)注的核心問題。對(duì)水進(jìn)行公平合理的管理 是人類生存的關(guān)鍵。這是今年夏天在約翰內(nèi)斯堡舉行的可持續(xù)發(fā) 展首腦會(huì)議發(fā)出的主要信息之一。明年在日本舉行的第三屆世 界水論壇將要更加深入地討論這一問題。因此，今年的世界糧食日突顯水在糧食安全中的作用是 正逢其時(shí)的。沒有水，就不可能進(jìn)行糧食生產(chǎn)。事實(shí)上，地球上 的供水量有70%為于農(nóng)業(yè)部門所用。世界上水的人均占有量正在 下降，必須對(duì)水進(jìn)行適當(dāng)集中管理才能充分提高糧食生產(chǎn)，

2、從而 減少饑餓和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，為30年后預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到80億的人口提供食 品。缺水對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的廣大農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)造成威脅，可能引起糧食 危機(jī)。目前有20個(gè)國家無充足的水用于生產(chǎn)該國人口需要的糧食。 在某些情況下，水資源過度開發(fā)影響了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)前景，而在另一 些情況下，水資源利用不足抑制了發(fā)展。貧困、對(duì)糧食日益增加 的需求以及供水量不足等綜合因素對(duì)世界糧食安全及人人獲得凈 水提出了嚴(yán)重挑戰(zhàn)。有十億人缺乏凈水，他們中的大多數(shù)還遭受 饑餓。他們生活在農(nóng)村地區(qū)，農(nóng)業(yè)是主要收入來源。我們?nèi)绾尾拍茉诒Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境的同時(shí)確保水的供應(yīng)和糧食安全呢？ 今天，世界糧食產(chǎn)量有三分之一以上來自灌溉地區(qū)，灌溉面積占 全球耕地面積的16%。

3、灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)量至少是雨育農(nóng)業(yè)的兩倍。 在今后30年間，發(fā)展中國家增加的糧食產(chǎn)量約有70%來自灌溉 土地。我們急需避免通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致供水減少、土地退化和疾病傳播 的不良灌溉方法。更多時(shí)候抽水量都超過了儲(chǔ)水重新補(bǔ)給的能力。 同樣，因流失、消耗、滲透或蒸發(fā)，有太多的水在灌渠沿途損失。 由于排水不當(dāng)、積水和土壤鹽堿化日益嚴(yán)重，許多灌區(qū)的生產(chǎn)率 下降。因此，我們必須更多地采用小流域綜合管理方法，制止造成 水災(zāi)和侵蝕的上游毀林，大量增加對(duì)水利基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資。最后， 水的利用只有以社會(huì)公平的方式進(jìn)行才可能持續(xù)。新的水政策和 體制及法律將在一種透明、負(fù)責(zé)和社會(huì)公正的氛圍下，促使所有 利益相關(guān)者接受對(duì)江河流域及水資

4、源的綜合管理方法。國家和國際范圍內(nèi)所有發(fā)展伙伴之間、公共、私營(yíng)及非盈利 部門之間必須進(jìn)行合作，才能解決利益沖突，調(diào)動(dòng)大量經(jīng)濟(jì)資源, 為更加公平分配糧食和水創(chuàng)造條件。除非富足地區(qū)與匱乏地區(qū)之 間加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作，否則非洲、中東和南亞已經(jīng)面臨嚴(yán)重缺水國家 的形勢(shì)將會(huì)迅速惡化。如果我們要避免與水有關(guān)的緊張狀況擴(kuò)散 和加劇，就需要這種團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作。參考譯文Source Of Food SecurityOur planet is thirsty thirsty because it is hungry.It takes one thousand times more water to feed the huma

5、n population than it does to satisfy its thirst.Water lies at the core of sustainable development concerns, and its rational and equitable management is crucial for human survival. That was one of the key messages to arise from the World Summit on Sustainable Development2 that was held in Johannesbu

6、rg this summer. Next years Third World Water Forum in Japan will address this issue in greater depth. It is therefore fitting that this years World Food Day spotlights the role of water in food security. Without water, there can be no food production. In fact, the agricultural sector is the user of

7、70 percent of the planets water supply. In a world in which per capita water availability is declining, we need to focus on appropriate water management if we are to sufficiently increase food production, with a view to reduce hunger and malnutrition, and feed a population expected to rise to 8 bill

8、ion in 30 yearstime. Shortage of water threatens extensive agricultural regions in developing countries and fans the prospect of food crises. At present, twenty countries do not have enough water to produce the food their populations need. In some cases, the overexploitation of water resources under

9、mines future agricultural production, while in others, their underexploitation inhibits development. The combined vicious impact of poverty, rising demand for food and insufficient availability of water therefore poses a serious challenge for world food security and universal access to clean water.

10、One billion people are deprived of clean water, and most of these people are also hungry. They live in rural areas and agriculture is their main source of income. How are we to ensure water availability and food security, while safeguarding the environment? At present, more than one-third of the wor

11、lds food production comes from the irrigated areas that make up 16 percent of the planets arable land. Irrigated farming is at least twice as productive as rainfed farming3, and during the next 30 years some 70 percent of additional food production in developing countries should come from irrigated

12、land. It is urgent to avoid poor irrigation practices that have often led to diminishing water supplies, land degradation and spread of disease . Far too often, more water is being pumped than can possibly be recharged. Also , too much water is being lost along canals, because of leakage , wastage ,

13、 seepage or evaporation. Too many schemes are losing productivity because of inappropriate drainage, waterlogging and a build-up of salts in the soil. We thus have to turn increasingly to adopt integrated watershed management, curb the upstream deforestation that generates flooding and erosion, and

14、significantly increase investment in water control infrastructure. Finally, water use will be sustainable only if it is done in a socially equitable manner. New water policy, and institutions and laws will facilitate the integrated management of river basins and water resources by all stakeholders,

15、in a climate of transparency, accountability and social justice. The cooperation of all development partners, the public, private and non-profit sectors at national and international level, will be indispensable to resolve conflicts of interest, mobilize substantial financial resources and create conditions for a fairer distribution of food and water. The countries of Africa , the Middle East and southern Asia that are already facing serious water shortages will