高中英語重點難點：定語從句復習資料大全

1、一、考點聚焦1、功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點：先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。This i

2、s the place which is worth visiting.關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關系詞：引導定語從句的都稱關系詞關系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關系副詞。5、確定關系詞的步驟（1）先找關系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧?、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用wh

3、ich（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）

4、當主句中含有疑問詞which時。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情況（1）在非限制性定語從句中（2）在關系詞前有介詞時（3）當先行詞本身是that時（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時8、關系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞（1）當主句是there be句型時，關系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關系詞用who。（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關系詞用that。Who is that girl that is stand

5、ing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.10、關系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導。Such bo

6、oks as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別such that 引導的結果狀語從句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點正如一樣”。位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。He did

7、nt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen 指時間 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地點 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關系副詞。（非正式

8、場合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.當time作先行詞時，關系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必須注意的問題（1）關系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調(diào)句。定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。強調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導詞。強調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調(diào)句，講不通則不是。It is the museum that / which we visit

9、ed last year.(定語從句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調(diào)句）（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)（4）關系詞在從句中省略的情況。關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。關系詞作表語。（5）限制性

10、定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。（6）關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。（7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marksin the match.（句中one為先行詞）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(th

11、at / which)we visited yesterday ?He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.until B.that C.when D.where2. _ is known

12、to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when1.解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關系詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時

13、間的名詞hours, 并且關系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關系副詞when。2.解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作“正如”解時，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關系代詞引導定語從句的用法。3.解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關系副詞where引

14、導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞?，然后選擇適當?shù)年P系詞。定語從句（一）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導1、關系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、關系副詞：when, where, why關系代詞和關系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）3、關系代詞

15、和關系副詞的用法：1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語

16、從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題1、that與which的區(qū)別。1）用that而不用 which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, ；先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；先行詞既有人又有物時

17、。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。2）用which而不用 that

18、的情況：引導非限制性定語從句；代表整個主句的意思；介詞 + 關系代詞。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。3）as引導定語從句時的用法as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same as, such as結構中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯

19、衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination

20、. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。3）as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區(qū)別當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復數(shù)應由

21、先行詞決定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。e.g. October 1

22、, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介詞在關系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you wer

23、e talking about has come to school.1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A. once they grew B. they grew onceC. they once grew D. once grew2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _ many people have gone home.A. that B. whichC. whose ti

24、me D. by which time3. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explainedC. how he explained D. why he explained4. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. thatC. this D. which5. When he was working there he c

25、aught a serious illness from _ efforts he still suffers.A. which B. thatC. whose D. what6. Its said that hes looking for a new job, one _ he can get more money to support his family.A. when B. whereC. that D. which7. We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.A. which B. thatC. whose

26、 D. when8. The little time we have together well try _ wisely.A. spending it B. to spend itC. to spend D. spending that9. The old building, behind _ was a famous church, was _ we used to work.A. that, the place B. it, the placeC. which, where D. what, where10. We will be shown around the city: schoo

27、ls, museums, and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go.A. what B. whichC. where D. when11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, _ the country became united.A. when B. ifC. since D. until12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A. once they grew

28、 B. they grew onceC. that once grew D. once grew13. You could see the runners very well from _ we stood.A. which B. whereC. that D. when14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose15. What have you got _ w

29、ill help a cold?A. what B. thatC. it D. who16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _ he spoke to me.A. how B. thatC. what D. which17. Do you know the man from _ house the pictures were stolen?A. which B. thatC. what D. whose18. I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot

30、 of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. whichC. as D. where19. Is this all that you need? If you married me, Id give you everything you _.A. want B. wantedC. had wanted D. are wanting20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday _ taught me English three years ago.

31、A. which B. whenC. where D. who21. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. whichC. while D. why22. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it isC. which I think it D. I thi

32、nk is23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. whichC. this D. what24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _ they faced many years ago.A. that B. whichC. that which D. it25. I saw some trees the leaves of _ were black with

33、disease.A. that B. whichC. it D. what26. The famous basketballer, _ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. whenC. which D. who27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _ she had arranged with James.A. t

34、he which was what B. what was thatC. which was what D. that was that【答案與解析】1. 選 C。先行詞是 those，可視為 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了關系代詞 which。全句意為：這兒所養(yǎng)的花是由他們曾在森林里種植的花培養(yǎng)出來的。2. 選D。by which time 引出的是一個非限制性定語從句，其中 by which time 相當于 and by that time。3. 選 A。注意不能選 D，因為動詞 explained 缺賓語。4. 選 D。which 指 the

35、 road map。5. 選C。from whose efforts he still suffers 為修飾 a serious illness 的定語從句，whose 在定語從句中用作定語，修飾 efforts。6. 選B。where 引導定語從句修飾 one。注：one 在此指 a new job。類似地，下面一題的答案是C，因為one that 相當于 a problem that：The problem is _ has caused us a lot of trouble.A. one B. thatC. one that D. that one7. 選 D。先行詞是表時間的 age(時代)，由于關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用 when。8. 選C。該句的正常詞序為 We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.9. 選C。第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引導表語從句。10. 選 C。先行詞是地點名詞 places，由于關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，故用 where。11. 選A。when 引導的是非限制性定語從句。12. 選C。that on