博士英語(yǔ)考試要點(diǎn)總結(jié)(完美版) 整合(共17頁(yè))

1、博士(bsh)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料分?jǐn)?shù)組成：卷面(jun min)80分+出勤10分+口試10分卷面(jun min)：一. 聽(tīng)力選擇（放2遍）：1分*10=10分 二. 給出后綴，要求寫(xiě)出它的意思，并以此后綴造詞并寫(xiě)出中文意思：0.5分*10=5分 三、單復(fù)數(shù)的變化 四. 選擇正確的解釋并將所選選項(xiàng)翻譯成中文（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)、心血管系統(tǒng)、呼吸系統(tǒng)、藥理）：本題出自各章課后習(xí)題Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分 五. 2段英翻中（醫(yī)學(xué)科普）：5分*2=10分 2段中翻英（一般為中醫(yī)）：內(nèi)容包括證、病機(jī)、癥狀、治則的翻譯,書(shū)中以肺為例，考試中可以變?yōu)槠⒌扰K。詳見(jiàn)博士生醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)教材

2、中的 = 9 * ROMAN IX、 = 10 * ROMAN X、 = 11 * ROMAN XI：10分*2=20分 六. 給一段中文科普文章，翻譯成80字左右的英文摘要 七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4紙手寫(xiě)、不能從網(wǎng)上下，夾在卷子里：10分一復(fù)數(shù)形式（教科書(shū)P4243）AmpullaAmpullae 尾突（另有一意思為壺腹）CoronaCoronae 冠狀VertebraVertebrae 脊椎BronchusBronchi 支氣管CapillusCapili 毛發(fā)FungusFungi 真菌OmphalosOmphali 臍G

3、enusGenera 屬StercusStercora 糞GonadGonades 性腺TestisTestes 睪丸DiagnosisDiagnoses 診斷PsychosisPsychoses 精神病EpididymisEpididymides 附睪ThoraxThoraces 胸部AppendixAppendices 闌尾PollexPollices 拇指MeninxMeninges 腦脊膜CariesCaries齲齒DermaDermata 真皮，皮膚SarcomaSarcomata 肉瘤StomaStomata 口FlagellumFlagella 鞭毛LabiumLabia 唇Pr

4、otozoonProtozoa 原生動(dòng)物二后綴(huzhu)（教科書(shū)P1720）名詞后綴-ia情況、狀況，狀態(tài)anemia貧血-y情況，行為，性質(zhì)Splenomegaly Splen/o/megal/y Hepatotomy hepat/o/tom/y脾腫大肝切開(kāi)術(shù)-e器械ophthalmoscope眼底鏡-itis炎癥hepatitis肝炎-ist專家dermatologist皮膚病專家-or(er)做某事的人或物incisor切牙-osis某狀態(tài)，多為病態(tài)sclerosis硬化-oma瘤sarcoma肉瘤-ism 狀態(tài)，多數(shù)是從前狀態(tài)衍生的結(jié)果embolism栓塞-(i)um與整體有關(guān)的部

5、分pericardium心包形容詞后綴-ac的cardiac心臟的-al的bronchial支氣管的-ar的tonsillar扁桃體的-ic的hepatic肝的-eal的esophageal食管的-ary的ciliary睫狀的-ous的含有的分泌的mucousfibroussebaceous粘液的含纖維的分泌皮脂的-oid樣的cystoid囊樣的復(fù)合后綴-algia痛arthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛-ectasia,-ectasis擴(kuò)張nephrectasia腎盂擴(kuò)張-emia血液疾病leukemia白血病-malacia軟化osteomalacia骨軟化-meter計(jì)thermometer溫度計(jì)-

6、metry測(cè)量法pelvimetry骨盆測(cè)量-odynia疼痛cardiodynia心區(qū)痛-penia缺乏癥leukocytopenia白細(xì)胞減少-plegia中風(fēng)、麻痹thermoplegia中暑-(o)rrhea流出，溢出diarrhea腹瀉-(o)rrhagia出血gastrorrhagia胃出血-uria尿hematuria血尿-iatry, -iatrics醫(yī)學(xué)的一科podiatry足病科-graphy記錄，記錄術(shù)electrocardiography心電描記術(shù)-graph記錄的工具electrocardiograph心電圖機(jī)-gram記錄本身electrocardiogram心電圖

7、-logy學(xué)pharmacology藥理學(xué)-logist學(xué)家，研究者urologist泌尿科專家-lysis溶解，分解hemolysis溶血-pathy病opthalmopathy眼病-pexy固定術(shù)hepatopexy肝固定術(shù)-plasty成形術(shù)osteoplasty骨成形術(shù)-(o)rrhaphy縫合術(shù)，修復(fù)術(shù)herniorrhaphy疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)-scopy檢查，鏡檢法cystoscopy膀胱鏡檢查-tomy切開(kāi)術(shù)craniotomy顱骨切開(kāi)術(shù)-ectomy切除術(shù)appendectomy闌尾切除術(shù)-(o)stomy造口術(shù)或吻合術(shù)gastrostomyanastomosis胃造口術(shù)吻合術(shù)-cyt

8、e細(xì)胞leukocyte白細(xì)胞-blast成細(xì)胞，母細(xì)胞hemocytoblast成血細(xì)胞-cele膨出，腫大或疝thyrocele甲狀腺腫-scope檢查鏡ophthalmoscope眼底鏡-tome刀，切除器arthrotome關(guān)節(jié)刀-centesis穿刺amniocentesis羊膜腔穿刺術(shù)-clysis灌洗bronchoclysis支氣管灌洗術(shù)-ptosis下垂nephroptosis腎下垂-(o)rrhexis破裂hepatorrhexis肝破裂-sclerosis硬化arteriosclerosis動(dòng)脈硬化-stasis固定，使停滯bacteriostasis抑菌作用-stenos

9、is狹窄arteriostenosis動(dòng)脈狹窄關(guān)于加后綴的相關(guān)單詞(dnc)總結(jié)：本部分幾乎(jh)涉及了課內(nèi)表格（p17p20）及課后練習(xí)題 = 1 * ROMAN I的所有單詞。筆者按后綴相關(guān)性順序排列單詞，旨在提供一種相對(duì)好記的方法，可結(jié)合(jih)書(shū)內(nèi)表格記憶。形容詞性后綴：CARDIAC 心臟的（-ac： pertaining to）BRONCHIAL 支氣管的CONGENITAL 先天的ILIAL 髂的SUBLINGUAL 舌下的TONSILLAR 扁桃體的OCULAR 目的HEPATIC 肝的EPIDEMIC 傳染的THERAPEUTIC 治療的ESOPHAGEAL 食道的LAR

10、YNGEAL 喉的CILIARY 睫狀的MUCOUS 粘液的FIBROUS 纖維性的(-ous: containing)SEBACEOUS 分泌脂質(zhì)的(-ous: secreting)CYSTOID 囊樣的（-oid: resembling）ADENOID 腺樣的名詞性后綴：SARCOMA 肉瘤(-oma: tumor)ENCEPHALOMA 腦瘤HEPATITIS 肝炎(-itis: inflammation) GASTRITIS 胃炎PERICARDITIS 心包炎LARYNGITIS 喉炎(hu yn)INCISOR 切牙（-or：refers to a doer, person or

11、thing）ASPIRATOR 抽吸(chu x)（-or：that which）PERICARDIUM 心包(xnbo)（-ium：a part related to a whole）EPIGASTRIUM 上腹部ANEMIA 貧血（-ia: condition）PHOBIA 恐懼癥DYSTROPHY 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良SPLENOMEGALY 脾腫大EMBOLISM 栓塞（-ism: condition, usually the result of a prior condition）SEPSIS 膿毒病(-sis：condition)SCLEROSIS 硬化(-osis: abnormal con

12、dition)DERMATOSIS 皮膚病ARTERIOSCIEROSIS 動(dòng)脈硬化（-sclerosis: a hardening）OSTEOMALACIA 骨軟化（-malacia： softening）ARTERIOSTENOSIS 動(dòng)脈狹窄（-stenosis: a narrowing）GERMICIDE 殺菌劑（-e： that which） ANTIDOTE 解毒劑OPHTHALMOSCOPE 驗(yàn)眼鏡(-e: instrument)OPHTHALMOSCOPE 驗(yàn)眼鏡(-scope: instrument for viewing)CYSTOSCOPY 膀胱鏡(-scopy: exa

13、mination)THERMOMETER 溫度計(jì)（-meter： instruments for measuring）PELVIMETRY 骨盆測(cè)量（-metry： measurement）ARTHROTOME 關(guān)節(jié)刀(-tome: instrument for cutting)ARTHRALGIA 關(guān)節(jié)痛（-algia: pain）CARDIODYNIA 心痛DIARRHEA 泄瀉（-rrhea：flow， discharge）GASTRORRHAGIA 胃出血（-rrhagia： excessive flow）PODIATRY 足醫(yī)學(xué)(-iatry：branch of medicine)G

14、ERIACTRICS 老年學(xué)ALMOPATHY 眼病（-pathy: disease）PHARMACOLOGY 藥理學(xué)（-logy: process of studying）UROLOGIST 泌尿科醫(yī)生（-logist: one who specializes in）DENTIST 牙醫(yī)（同上）PEDIATRIST 兒科醫(yī)生HEPATORRHEXIS 肝破裂（-rrhrxis: rupture）HERNIORRHAPHY 疝縫合術(shù)(-rrhaphy: suturing)HEPATOPEXY 肝固定術(shù)(-pexy: fixing by suturing)OSTEOPLASTY 骨成形術(shù)（-pl

15、asty: surgical repair）CRANIOTOMY 顱骨切開(kāi)術(shù)（-tomy： incision）APPENDECTOMY 闌尾切除術(shù)（-ectomy： cutting off）TONSILLECTOMY 扁桃體切除術(shù)GASTROSTOMY 胃造口術(shù)（-stomy： making an opening into or a connection between）ANASTOMOSIS 吻合術(shù)(同上)LEUKOCYTE 白細(xì)胞（-cyte: cell）LEUKOCYTOPENIA 白細(xì)胞缺乏癥（-penia： deficiency）HEMOCYTOBLAST 原始血細(xì)胞（-blast：

16、 a cell that is primitive）HEMOLYSIS 溶血（-lysis: dissolution）BRONCHOCLYSIS 支氣管灌洗術(shù)（-clysis： washing）BACTERIOSTASIS 制菌(-stasis: halting)NEPHROPTOSIS 腎下垂（-ptosis: a falling）NEPHRECTASIA 腎盂(shny)擴(kuò)張（-ectasia: dilatation）THERMOPLEGIA 中暑(zhng sh)（-plegia： stroke）ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY 心電圖描記(-graphy：process of r

17、ecording)THYROCELE 甲狀腺腫(ji zhun xin zhn)(-cele: hernia)AMNIOCENTESIS 羊膜穿刺術(shù)(-centesis：surgical puncture to withdraw fluid)關(guān)于各大系統(tǒng)相關(guān)單詞總結(jié)：本部分需結(jié)合書(shū)中題目記憶，筆者這里只做正確選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)注翻譯The Nervous System（Exercise = 3 * ROMAN III、 = 7 * ROMAN VII）:1.b dendrites樹(shù)突2.a axon軸突3.d convergence收斂性4.c microglia 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(xbo)5.b Exerc

18、ise = 7 * ROMAN VII：c apraxia 失用d apoplexy 中風(fēng)(zhng fng)b embolism 栓塞(shuns)a coma 昏迷b grand mal 癲癇大發(fā)作c hydrocephalus 腦積水d hypertension 高血壓b myasthenia gravis 重癥肌無(wú)力c multiple sclerosis 多發(fā)性硬化b shingles 帶狀皰疹a spina bifida 脊柱裂b subdural hematoma 硬膜下血腫c ischemia 缺血a gliomas 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤c metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移CARDIOVASC

19、ULAR SYSTEM(Exercise = 6 * ROMAN VI):9、10劃掉a heart block 心臟傳導(dǎo)阻滯c pericarditis 心包炎d tachycardia 心動(dòng)過(guò)速b myocardial infarction 心梗d hypertension高血壓b aneurysm 動(dòng)脈瘤b murmur 雜音b atherosclerosis 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化a pernicious anemia 惡性貧血a infectious mononucleosis 傳單c varicose veins 靜脈曲張b sickle cell anemia 鐮狀細(xì)胞性貧血c hemop

20、hilia 血友病c leukemia 白血病THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Exercise = 5 * ROMAN V):b dyspnea 呼吸困難c Cheyne-Stokes 潮式呼吸b pertussis 百日咳d hyaline membrane disease 新生兒呼吸窘迫綜合癥a atelectasis 肺不張c tuberbulosis 肺結(jié)核a silicosis 矽肺c emphysema 肺氣腫b pleurisy 胸膜炎a aspiration 抽胸水THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Exercise = 6 * ROMAN VI)b c

21、old sore 單純性皰疹d leukoplakia 粘膜白斑c intussusception 腸套疊b diverticula 憩室a melena 黑便b serum hepatitis 乙肝a cirrhosis 肝硬化c neoplasm 肝囊腫b ascites 腹水三選擇（注：此處為避免混淆，只記錄正確答案，剩余選項(xiàng)忽略不計(jì)）神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)1. The afferent processes of nerve cells are the: dendrites 樹(shù)突 dendrait2. Those processes that conduct impulses away from ne

22、urons are the: axons 軸突 ksn3. The transmission of impulses by many neurons to a single neuron is known as: convergence 會(huì)聚4. Which of the following supportive nerve cells act as phagocytes: microglia 小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞phagocyte fusait吞噬細(xì)胞5. Which of the following is not considered part of the central nervous syst

23、em? nerves originating from the brain and the spinal cord 腦和脊髓(j su)發(fā)出的神經(jīng)6. The inability to perform certain body movements is known as: apraxia 失用癥Apraxia prksi 失用; 精神性運(yùn)動(dòng)(yndng)不能7. The medical word for stroke is: apoplexy 腦卒中 ppleksi -plexy 發(fā)作(fzu),中8. A blood clot that leaves its original site an

24、d blocks an artery is called: embolism 栓塞9. An abnormal deep sleep is called: coma 昏迷 kum10. The more serious form of epileptic seizure is referred to as: grand mal 癲癇大發(fā)作epileptic seizure .epileptiksi: n.癲癇發(fā)作11. The medical word for an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the

25、 brain is: hydrocephalus 腦積水Cerebrospinal .seribruspainl adj 腦脊髓的的12. A sympathectomy is performed to relive: hypertension 高血壓sympathectomy simpektmi交感神經(jīng)阻斷術(shù)13. A general feeling of muscular weakness and fatigue resulting from a lack of acetylcholine: myasthenia gravis 重癥肌無(wú)力myasthenia maisini肌無(wú)力gravi

26、s 重的,劇烈的acetylcholine sitlkulin乙酰膽堿14. A condition in which the myelin coverings of the brain and spinal cord are destroyed and the gray and white matters become hard: multiple sclerosis 多發(fā)性硬化spinal cord n.脊髓15. A viral infection characterized by blisterlike sores on the skin: shingles igl帶狀皰疹Bliste

27、rlike像水泡樣16. A congenital defect characterized by a protruding sac containing cerebrospinal fluid: spina bifida 脊柱裂congenital defect 先天性缺陷protrude prtru:dvi.突出sac sk囊cerebrospinal fluid 腦脊液17. A blood clot originating in one of the membranes covering the brain: subdural hematoma 硬膜下血腫subdural n.硬膜下的

28、hematoma himtum血腫18. The medical word indicating the obstruction of a blood vessel: ischemia 缺血19. Malignant tumors originating from the supportive nerve cells: gliomas 神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤laiummalignant tumors 惡性腫瘤20. The medical word indicating the spread of malignant tumors to other areas of the body: metastasi

29、s 轉(zhuǎn)移mtstsis心血管系統(tǒng)(xtng)The obstruction of electrical impulses moving from the atria to the ventricles is called: heart block 心傳導(dǎo)(chundo)阻滯atria 房,前房 ventricle ventrikl 腦室(nosh); 室2. Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is known as: pericarditis 心包炎 perikdaitis3. A type of arrhythmia: AV bloc

30、k, 房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯 tachycardia 心動(dòng)過(guò)速 tachy-速,快速4. Necrosis of an area of heart tissue due to insufficient blood supply: myocardial infraction 心肌梗死necrosis nekrusis 壞死 myocardial maiukdil 心肌的 myo-肌5. The medical term for high blood pressure: hypertension 高血壓6. The ballooning of a blood vessel: aneurysm 動(dòng)脈瘤 ane

31、urysm njrz()m 動(dòng)脈瘤7. Abnormal heart sound resulting from incompetent heart valves: murmur 心臟雜音heart valve 心臟瓣膜8. Abnormal condition in which fatty plaques adhere to the walls of a blood vessel: atherosclerosis 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化 fatty plaque 脂肪斑塊11. The type of anemia brought on by absence of an intrinsic factor

32、 necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12: pernicious anemia 惡性貧血 pernicious pnis 惡性的12. A viral infection characterized by enlarged lymph glands, sore throat, fever, and fatigue: infectious mononucleosis 傳染性單核細(xì)胞增多癥enlarged lymph gland 淋巴結(jié)腫大 mononucleosis mnunjukliusis 單核白細(xì)胞增多癥13. Abnormal enlarg

33、ing and twisting of leg veins: varicose veins 靜脈曲張 varicose vrikus曲張的14. A type of anemia in which the erythrocytes change their shape at low oxygen levels: sickle cell anemia 鐮形紅細(xì)胞貧血 erythrocyte irirusait紅細(xì)胞; 紅血細(xì)胞15. Hereditary bleeding disease affecting only male offspring: hemophilia 血友病hereditar

34、y hireditri a.遺傳的，遺傳性的； offspring fspri n.子女，子孫，后代16. A form of cancer in which there is an uncontrolled increase of white blood cells: leukemia 白血病呼吸系統(tǒng)1. Labored breathing: dyspnea 呼吸困難 -pnea 呼吸 apnea 呼吸暫停2. Hyperpnea followed by apnea: Cheyne-Stokes 陳-施呼吸（潮式呼吸）3. An infectious disease that produce

35、s a proximal whooping type of coughs: pertussis pertussis ptsis 百日咳 proximal 接近的,鄰近的4. A respiratory disease affecting the newborn in which the alveoli are covered with a thick membrane: hyaline membrane disease 肺透明膜?。ㄐ律鷥汉粑狡染C合征）hyaline 透明的,玻璃樣的5. Collapse of lungs: atelectasis 肺不張 atel- 發(fā)育不全 -ectas

36、is 擴(kuò)張(kuzhng),膨脹6. An infectious disease of the lungs in which the bacteria become encapsulated: tuberculosis 結(jié)核(jih)TB tju:.b:kjulusis7. An example of a pneumoconiosis: silicosis 矽肺(xfi)pneumo- 肺回戲,空氣coni (單conus)圓錐,錐體-osis 病8. A condition in which lung tissues swell and lose their elasticity: emph

37、ysema .emfisi:m 肺氣腫elasticity 彈性emphy 肺氣腫9. Inflammation of the serous membrane covering the lungs and thoracic cavity: pleurisy 胸膜炎serous sirs血清的 thoracic cavity 胸腔Process of removing fluid from pleural cavity: aspiration 抽吸pleural cavity 胸膜腔plur消化系統(tǒng)1. A virus, herpes simplex, causes a blister to e

38、rupt on the mucous membrane lining of the mouth: cold sore 唇皰疹blister n.水皰, mucous membrane n.粘膜2. Inflamed patches of mucous membrane that can become malignant: leukoplakia lu:kpleiki粘膜白斑3. The invagination of one portion of intestine into another: intussusceptions .intsssepn腸套疊invagination 內(nèi)陷 inte

39、stine n.腸intestinal 腸的,在腸內(nèi)的4. Pouches that form on the intestinal wall: diverticula腸憩室 pouch n.小袋5. Bloody stools: melena mli:n黑便6. A form of liver disease caused by a blood transfusion with contaminated blood: serum hepatitis 血清性肝炎 serum 血清7. Scarred condition of the liver that results in impeded c

40、irculation of blood: cirrhosis sirusis肝硬化impede vt.阻礙，妨礙，阻止8. The development of new but abnormal tissue: neoplasm 腫瘤ni:uplzm plasm 漿,原生質(zhì),形成物質(zhì)9. The buildup of excessive fluid in the peritoneal cavity: ascites 腹水saitizperitoneal ,peritni:ln.腹膜的 peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔 buildup 積累,聚集,增長(zhǎng),增加藥理：Antitussive

41、s are drugs that suppress coughing.ntitsiv n. 止咳藥, 鎮(zhèn)咳藥adj. 鎮(zhèn)咳的 tussive adj. 咳嗽(k su)的Antispasmodic drugs are used to relieve bronchial spasms. ntispzmdik解痙藥 spasm n.痙攣；突發(fā)(t f)一陣spasmodic 痙攣(jn lun)(性)的,間歇的 antispasmodic adj. 止痙攣的n. 鎮(zhèn)痙藥中樞系統(tǒng)藥物Stimulants stimulant stimjulnt increase CNS activity 興奮藥 De

42、pressants depressant dipresnt decrease CNS activity 抑制藥 Analgesics analgesic nldi:zik a substance that reduces pain 止痛藥 Hypnotics hypnotic hipntik drugs that produce sleep hyp-在下 安眠藥Sedatives sedative sedtiv has a calming,tranquilizing effect 鎮(zhèn)靜藥 Barbiturates barbiturates b:bitjurits 巴比妥類 a powerful

43、 drug that makes you feel calm and relaxed or puts you to sleep.Anesthetics anesthetic nisetik causes a loss of awareness and sensation麻醉藥 Tranquilizers tranquilizer trkwilaiz reduce mental tension 安定藥關(guān)于(guny)中醫(yī)翻譯的常用詞組:急性(jxng)熱病 acute febrile disease外感(wign)病 external disease溫病 warm disease病因 cause

44、 of disease辨證論治 syndrome differentiation and treatment = 9 * ROMAN IX先天之精 innate essence后天之精 acquired essence水谷 foods and fluids腎氣/陰/陽(yáng) kidney qi/yin/yang溫煦作用 warming influence運(yùn)化 transportation and transformation精主生長(zhǎng)、生殖 jing governing/dominating growth and reproduction助神 aiding the mind/shen安神 anchor

45、 the shen氣生血 qi produce blood氣攝血 qi hold the blood氣為血之帥，血為氣之母 qi is the commander of blood, and blood is the mother of qi血虛 deficient blood血滯 stagnant blood血熱 heat in the blood行腎氣 promoting kidney qi生髓 producing marrow耳聾 deafness頭暈 dizziness耳鳴 tinnitus發(fā)白 graying衰老 senility陽(yáng)痿 impotence腰痛 lower back p

46、ain = 10 * ROMAN X、 = 11 * ROMAN XI（具體藥不用記）病例 case history病機(jī) mechanism of disease累及衛(wèi)分（氣/營(yíng)/血）wei(qi/ying/xue) system may become involved 變化快 evolves rapidly證 syndrome（書(shū)中說(shuō)的是symptom-complexes）痰熱阻肺 blockage of the lung by phlegm-heat風(fēng)邪襲肺 invasion of the lung by pathogenic wind邪熱襲肺 invasion of the lung b

47、y pathogenic heat邪熱內(nèi)陷心包 penetration of pathogenic heat into the pericardium氣虛精虧 deficiency of vital energy and vital essence亡陽(yáng) depletion of yang痰留熱戀 remaining phlegm and pathogenic heat治則 principle of treatment祛熱毒化痰 removing toxic heat from the lung and resolving phlegm 祛痰 eliminating phlegm清肺 clear

48、ing lung潤(rùn)肺 moisten lung清營(yíng)分邪熱 dispelling pathogenic heat from the ying system醒神 resuscitating the patient回陽(yáng)救逆 restoring vital function from collapse and reinforcing vital energy用辛涼藥?kù)畋硇?dispelling pathogenic factors from the exterior of the body with herbs pungent in flavor/taste and cool in property/

49、nature臨表 manifestations 無(wú)汗 absence of sweating 大汗 profuse sweating 少汗 scanty sweating 動(dòng)則汗出 sweating on exertion 畏寒 intolerance of cold寒戰(zhàn) chill發(fā)熱 fever中等熱 moderate fever午后潮熱 afternoon fever五心煩熱 feverish sensation in the palms and soles顴紅 malar flush乏力 lassitude持續(xù)高熱夜甚 protracted high fever that is wor

50、se at night煩熱 heat and restlessness大渴 extreme thirst譫語(yǔ) delirium昏迷 loss of consciousness抽搐 convulsion項(xiàng)強(qiáng) stiff neck四肢厥冷 cold limbs面色蒼白 pallid countenance紫紺(z n) cyanosis 哮 wheezing氣短(qdun) shortness of breath咳嗽(k su) cough干咳 dry cough咯白粘痰/膿痰/銹色痰/血絲 expectoration of white mucoid /purulent/rust-colored/

51、blood-flecked sputum鼻翼扇動(dòng) flaring of the nostrils口唇干燥 dry mouth and lips胸痛咳甚 chest pain exacerbated by coughing胸悶或痛 suffocating or painful sensation in the chest胸痛厲害 sharp chest pain兩脅鈍痛 dull pain in the hypochondrium食欲不振 anorexia腹脹 abdominal distention 便秘 constipation少尿 concentrated urine舌邊紅 reddene

52、d tongue border舌邊紫 purpura at the tongue border舌干 dry tongue少苔 scanty tongue苔薄白或略黃 thin white or light yellow fur舌中剝脫苔 shedding of some fur in the middle浮數(shù)脈 floating and rapid pulse洪脈 gigantic pulse滑脈 slippery pulse細(xì)脈 thready pulse沉脈 deep pulse弦脈 wiry pulse方 prescription 湯 decoction 加減 modifications

53、 加*藥 add 減*藥 omit*湯合*湯 in combination with沖服 take with the decoction先煎 decocted first驗(yàn)方 proven recipes主穴 main points刺血 prick to bloodlet瀉法 reducing method補(bǔ)法 reinforcing method留/埋針 retain/embed needle隨癥取穴 points according to manifestations草藥 herbal medicines中藥 Chinese pharmacy9.4.1 Liver Blood Defici

54、ency SyndromeIt refers to insufficient liver blood, usually caused by insufficient blood production or massive blood loss, or injury to liver blood in a chronic disease. 【Clinical Manifestations】Dizziness, pale complexion, blurred vision ，numbness of limbs, tremor of hands and feet, joint motion pro

55、blem, scanty volume of menses, or even amenorrhea, pale tongue with white fur and thready pulse9.4.3 Syndrome of Liver Qi StagnationIt refers to emotional problems and rage that impair the liver, or other pathogenic factors, impeding smooth flow of liver qi.【Clinical Manifestations】Distending pain o

56、r scurrying pain in the chest and lower abdomen, depression or bad temper, frequent deep sighing, thin white fur and wiry pulse, or distending pain in womens breasts, irregular menses, dysmenorrhea , closely related to emotional changes9.5.3 Kidney Essence Insufficiency SyndromeIt refers to the synd

57、rome due to the decreased function in growth, development and reproduction because of kidney essence deficiency, usually caused by insufficient innate endowment, congenital defect, or improper postnatal nursing, or excessive sexual activity, or kidney essence injury in a chronic disease. 【Clinical M

58、anifestations】Retarded development of children, short figure, feeble bones, sluggish movement, infertility , poor sexual function, presenility of adults, tinnitus or poor hearing, amnesia and weak feet9.6.4 Heart-Kidney Yang Deficiency SyndromeIt is caused by declined yang qi of the heart ,with the

59、kidney involved in a chronic condition, or kidney yang deficiency, dysfunction in qi transformation, upward attack of the heart by retained water. 【Clinical Manifestations】Cold body and limbs, palpitation, weakness and cold in the lower back and knees, edema, difficult urination, purple lips and nai

60、ls, pale purple tongue with white and slippery fur and faint pulse 9.6.13 Syndrome of Invasion of the lung by liver fireIt is usually caused by liver injury by rage, accumulated qi transforming into fire, or invasion of the lung by reversed rise of heat, which accumulates in the liver.【Clinical Mani