2019屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)分塊專項練習(xí)(11)閱讀理解推理判斷

1、閱讀理解：推理判斷（一）AIfyouarelikemoststudents,youprobablysitstillwhilelearninganewlanguage.However,sittingstillmaynotalwaysbethebestwaytolearn.Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement,saysTamaraJones.SheworksattheEnglishLanguageCenteratHowardCommunityCollegeinMaryland.So,whatistherelation

2、shipbetweenphysicalmovementandthebrain?Theideaisthatthebrainandthebodyarejoinedtogether.Thismeansthatoneaffectstheother.Manypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatthebraintellsthebodytomove.Andmanypeoplearefamiliarwiththeideathatrepeatinganactionoverandoveragainhelpsyourbraintoremember.However,someresearch

3、,suchasastudybyMorsellaandKrauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories.Specifically,movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords.Thisideaispartofthereasonwhyexpertsonlearningstrategies,whicharewaystoimprovethelearningprocess,suggestusingmoveme

4、nts.Onelearningapproach,theCognitiveAcademicLanguageLearningApproach,orCALLA,callstheuseofmovements“UsingYourKinesthetic(動覺的)Sense”Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning,saysTamaraJones.“Theresalotofresearchthatsuggestswhatyoudowithyourbody,yourememberwithyourbrain.Andalso,al

5、otofthesephysicalmovementswillencourageusinclassorinlife,whenwearepracticingonourown,torepeatandrepeatandrepeatthewordaswearedoingthephysicalmovement,andthisalsohelpsusremembertheword.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，動起來有益于語言學(xué)習(xí)，也就是說大腦和肢體的結(jié)合有助于語言技能的提高。1WhydoestheauthorrefertoMorsellaandKrauss?ATomeasuretheirachie

6、vement.BToproveJonesopinionright.CTointroducethethemeofthepassage.DTopresentacommonlyheldidea.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Englishlearnerscanimprovetheirlanguageskillsthroughmovement”以及第三段中的“astudybyMorsellaand1Krauss,suggeststhatyourbodymighthelpyourbraintofindmemories.andusethecorrectwords.”可知，Morsella和Kr

7、auss的觀點是肢體可能有助于人們找尋記憶，記起并準確地使用單詞，與文章首段中TamaraJones的觀點是一致的。因此作者提到這兩個人是為了證明TamaraJones的觀點是正確的。故選B項。2Howcanphysicalmovementsaffectoneslearning?AByshorteningtherepeatingprocess.BBymotivatingthebraintorememberthings.CByhelpingonetostudyinarelaxedstate.DByenablingonetouseadvancedwords.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的

8、“movementswemakewithourbody,suchashandgestures,mayhelpustorememberandusethecorrectwords”并結(jié)合最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，肢體運動有助于刺激大腦進行記憶，由此可知選項B正確。3WhichstatementmayTamaraJonesagreewith?AKnowledgestartswithpractice.BThebodycancontrolthebraindeeply.CMovementshelpthebrainworkbetter.DLanguagelearnersmustbemoreactive.解析：選C

9、細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Beyondhelpingthebraintofindmemories,movementsalsoaidinlearning”可知，TamaraJones的觀點應(yīng)是身體運動能幫助大腦更好地工作，有助于提高英語學(xué)習(xí)者的語言技能。因此選項C正確。4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphmean?APracticingEnglishonyourown.BSpeakingthewordagainandagain.CGraspinganeffectivelearningstrategy.DRepeat

10、ingwordswhilemovingyourbody.解析：選D代詞指代題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“torepeatandrepeatandrepeatthewordaswearedoingthephysicalmovement,andthisalsohelpsusremembertheword”可知，this指代的應(yīng)是最后一個and前的內(nèi)容，即當我們在做身體運動時不斷地重復(fù)單詞。故選D項。BIamanEnglishdictionary.Icanstillrememberthedaymyexownerboughtme.Hehadstoodinfrontoftheshelfforaroundhalf

11、anhourbeforefinallypickingme.Originally,hechosemyneighbor.Butbecauseshehadsomeinkonthecover,2heputherdownandchosemeinstead.(Imaysoundarrogant(傲慢的).Butpleaseforgiveme.Iamsoproudofmyvocabulary.With100,000entriesand300,000examples,Ithinknoscholarcanbemoreknowledgeablethanme.MyonlyweaknessisthatIcantspe

12、ak.Butthatisnotmyfault.Iwasnotdesignetospeakinthefirstplace.Myexownerwassupposedtoreadthephoneticsymbols音標)clearlyprintedbesideeachword,whichwerealsomysellingpoint.Ishouldhavebeenrespectedbuthaveendeduplyingnexttoapieceofusedtoiletpaperinsidetherubbishbin.Itisallbecauseoftheelectronicdictionary.Heis

13、abadguybecausehetakesadvantageofmyweakness.AndIjustdontunderstandwhyhecanbesoslim.Healsohasabout100,000entriesbut450,000examples!ButIknowthiswasnotthereasonwhymyexownerwasattracted,forhewasnotaverydiligentstudentandseldomreadtheexampleslisted.Themainreasonwasthatthebadguyhadsomanygamesinhim.Myexowne

14、ralwayspretendedtobeworkinghardwhileactuallyhewasplayinggames.MyexownerputmeonhisbookshelfbecauseofmyawesomeEnglishnameAdvancedEnglishDictionaryHewantedpeopletothinkthathewasanadvancedlearner.Iwantedtotellhimthatitwouldbebetterifhehidthecomicbookstandingnexttome.But,youknow,Icantspeak.Istoodtherefor

15、years.Iwassobored.SoItalkedtothecomicbooknexttome.Undernormalcircumstances,IwouldnthavetalkedtohimbecauseIwaseducatedandhewasnot.ButwhoelsecouldIchoose?Hetoldmethatmyexownerhadreadhimonceonlyandthenputhimthere.Iwasupsetbecausehehadneverreadmefrompageonetopage1,000.WasInotabetterbookthanthecomicbook?

16、IwantedtochallengehishonestybutbeforeIdidso,hewasthrownaway.Igiveup.Mypagesareabsorbingwastewater.Thereisnowaypeoplewillusemeagain.Suddenly,Iwanttotalktothecomicbook.Wouldhetalktomeifwemet?篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章以第一人稱和擬人的寫作手法，生動地記敘了一本高級英語詞典的經(jīng)歷。1Whydoesthedictionarythinkthattheelectronicdictionaryisa“badguy

17、”?AItcontainsmorewordsandexamples.BItcanactuallypronouncethewords.CIthasasmallersize.DIthasmanygames.答案：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Heisabadguybecausehetakesadvantageofmyweakness.”可知，這本詞典認為電子詞典是個壞家伙，因為電子詞典利用了它的弱點。聯(lián)系第二段第五句“MyonlyweaknessisthatIcantspeak.”可知，這本詞典的唯一弱點是不會發(fā)聲。也就是說因為電子詞典能讀出單詞，所以這本詞典把它3稱為一個壞家伙。故選B。2Th

18、edictionarythinksthatitsexownerputitonthebookshelfbecausehe_.AthoughtthatitcouldmatchthecomicbookBwantedhisfriendstostudyEnglishCjustwantedtoshowoffDhadtouseitsometimes.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句“MyexownerputmeonhisbookshelfbecauseofmyawesomeEnglishnameAdvancedEnglishDictionaryHewantedpeopletothinkthathew

19、asanadvancedlearner.”可知，這本詞典的前主人把它放在書架上只是為了炫耀。故選C。3Whatwasthedictionarysattitudetowardthecomicbookstandingnexttoit?AItwantedtomakefriendswithhim.BItrespectedhim.CItlookeddownuponhim.DIthatedhim.答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“IwouldnthavetalkedtohimbecauseIwaseducatedandhewasnot”(我本不會和漫畫書說話的，因為我受過教育而它沒有)和“WasIn

20、otabetterbookthanthecomicbook？”(難道比起這本漫畫書來，我不是一本更好的書嗎)可知，這本詞典很輕視漫畫書。故選C。4Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?AAdictionaryisreplacedwithanelectroniconeBStudentsseldomusedictionariesCAdictionaryandacomicbookDTheexperienceofadictionary答案：D標題判斷題。閱讀短文可知，這篇文章以第一人稱講述了一本詞典的經(jīng)歷。故選項D最適合作本文標題。CAlbertEin

21、steinhadagreateffectonscienceandhistory,andhisachievementwasevengreaterthanonlyafewothergreatscientistshaveachieved.AnAmericanuniversitypresidentoncesaidthatEinsteinhadmadeanewoutlook,anewviewoftheuniverse.Itmaybesometimebeforetheaveragemindunderstandsfullytheidentity(特性)oftimeandspaceandsoonbuteven

22、ordinarymennowunderstandthattheuniverseissomethinglargerthaneverthoughtbefore.By1914youngEinsteinhadbeenworldfamous.HeacceptedtheoffertobecomeaprofessoratthePrussianAcademyofScienceinBerlin.Hehadfewduties,little4teachingandunlimitedchancesforstudy,butsoonhispeaceandquietnesswerebrokenbyWorldWar.Eins

23、teinhatedfightingandkilling.Thegreatsufferingofwaraffectedhimdeeply,andhesatunhappilyinhisofficedoinglittle.Helostinterestinhisresearch.Onlywhenpeacecamein1918washeabletogetbacktowork.IntheyearfollowingWorldWarI,honourswereincreasinglyputonhim.HebecameheadoftheKaiserWhihemInstituteofTheoreticalPhysi

24、cs.Buthehimselfrefusedtheefforttoputhiminapositionfaraboveotherpeople.Hewaswellknownforhishumble(謙遜的)manner.Heoftensaidthathissuccesswouldcertainlyhavebeenachievedbyothersifhehadneverlived.In1921hewontheNobelPrize,andhewashonouredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazism(納粹)whenhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewa

25、saJew.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇人物傳記。文章簡要介紹了著名科學(xué)家愛因斯坦的事跡，及其對科學(xué)和歷史產(chǎn)生的巨大影響及其重大貢獻。1Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis_.AthedifficultyofEinsteinsthoughttoothersBthefeelingofanAmericanuniversitypresidenttowardsEinsteinCthedifferencebetweenscienceandhistoryDthechangeinhumanthoughtproducedbyEinstein答案：D段落大意題。第一段講述了愛因斯坦對科學(xué)和歷

26、史產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，同時也使人們的思想產(chǎn)生了巨大的變化。2ItseemstotheAmericanuniversitypresidentthat_.AEinsteinachievedmorethananyotherscientistinhistoryBeverybodyunderstandsEinsteinsscientificideasCthenewviewoftheuniversecanbequicklylearnedbyeveryoneDourideasabouttheuniversearedifferenttodaybecauseofEinstein答案：D推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句可

27、知，愛因斯坦的理論使人們對宇宙的看法發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。3Einsteindidhisgreatestwork_.AwhenNazismroseBwhenhewasyoungCduringWorldWarDafterheleftEurope答案：B推理判斷題。由第三段和最后一段可知愛因斯坦在一戰(zhàn)和納粹時期，幾乎沒有正常工作，排除A項和C項；本文也沒有講述他離開歐洲以后的科研情況，排除D項；由第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，B項所述正確。4Fromthepassagewecanknowthat_.AGermansusuallyhaveahighrespectforscienceBEinsteinhad

28、otherinterestsbesidesscience5CEinsteinwasforcedtoworkagainin1918DEinsteinledaquietlifeduringWorldWar答案：A推理判斷題。由第四段中的第一、三句及最后一段中的“hewashonouredinGermany”可知，德國人民尊敬愛因斯坦，尊敬科學(xué)。B項文中未提及；C、D兩項與文意不符。DDoyoustillrememberyourfavoritepoemfromhighschoolorsomeotherimportantperiodsinyourlife?Whyisitthatdecadeslater

29、itstillstandsoutinyourmind?Probablythemainreasonisthatsomeaspectofthatpoemresonates(引起共鳴)withyou.Inthesameway,youtooasaschoolleadercantouchtheheartsofyourstaffandstudents.Poetryallowsustoexperiencestrongspiritualconnectionstothingsaroundusandtothepast.Thus,itcaninspirewhateverandwhomeverittouches.Th

30、epowerthatpoetryhasdisplayedovertimeandacrossculturesactuallysatisfiesthis_common_needofthehumanheartandsoul.Asoneoftheoldestartforms,poetryhassuccessfullyconnectedvariousstrandsofhumanity(人性)fromonegenerationtoanother.Referringtopoetry,Hillyermakesasimpleyetmeaningfulstatement,“Withthiskeymankindun

31、lockedhisheart.”Schoolleaderscanfindandmakeuseofthevalueofpoetryforthemselves,theirstudentsandtheirstaffmembers.Beyondthesimpleuseofpoetry,techniquesofpoetrysuchasmetaphors,repetitionsandimagerycanbeusedtotakeadvantageofthepoweroflanguagetotransformcommunication,createmeaningandacultureofcareandatte

32、ntion.Sinceschoolsaremainlyaboutpeopleandrelationships,schoolleaders,likepoets,arerequiredtoinspireandencouragethehumanheart.Theuseofpoetryorevenofsometechniquesofpoetryinschoolleadershipnotonlyhelpstoimprovecommunication,butalsoservestomeetthehumanneedforinspiration.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章作者通過闡釋詩歌的價值和精神力量

33、，鼓勵學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)將詩歌的力量轉(zhuǎn)化到學(xué)校管理中。1Whoisthepassagemainlyfor?AStudents.CSchoolleaders.BSchoolteachers.DPoets.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句的“youtooasaschoolleader”可知，本文主要是寫給學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的。2Accordingtothepassage,somepoemsareunforgettablemainlybecause_.Atheyareeasytounderstand6BtheyusuallytelltruestoriesCtheycaninspirepeoplesimaginat

34、ionDtheycantouchpeopleshearts答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的后兩句話可知，有些詩之所以讓人難忘是因為它們的某些方面能夠引起人們的共鳴，同樣，學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也可以觸動自己的職員和學(xué)生的心靈。由此可知其主要原因是這些詩歌可能觸動人們的心靈。3Theunderlinedpart“thiscommonneed”inthesecondparagraphrefersto_.AtheneedtoreadpoetryBtheneedtobeinspiredCtheneedtolearnaboutthepastDtheneedtobeconnectedwithotherpeople答案：

35、B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句的“.itcaninspirewhateverandwhomeverittouches.”以及文章末句中的“.servestomeetthehumanneedforinspiration.”可知，這種共同的需要是指inspiration。EThissummer,IwaspartofsomethingthatIhavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince.Anexperiencechangedmylife.TheKentuckyYMCAhasaprogramcalledYCorps,whichareservicetripsofaround20stud

36、ents.Thissummer,twotripsweremadeacrossKentucky,onedownsouthandtheothertripupnorth.IwasontheYCorpsServicetotheNorthinIndianapolis,Indiana,andourtripbeganattheendofJuly.IhadbutterfliesflyingaroundmeasmyparentsdrovemetoLouisville,wheretheServicetotheNorthteamwouldsetoffonaninedayjourneyinaschoolbus.Ikn

37、ewsomeoftheteammembersfrompreviousYConferences,butthereweremanythatIhadnevermet,andIhadneverparticipatedinaservicetriplikethisbefore.ThoughIwasnervous,Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingcompletelyoutofmycomfortzone.Onceweloadedthebuswithourlightlypackedsuitcasesandsleepingbags,wesaidourgoodbyestoourparentsa

38、nddepartedforanadventurethatchangedallofourlives.(WiththeKentuckyYsmotto:“Participate,dontanticipate”，wehadnoideawherewewereheaded.Roadsignswereouronlyclueofwherewewouldbestopping.WedidserviceworkataMiddleWayHouseinIndiana,aDetroitMarketGarden,aPennsylvaniaYMCAforaninvasive侵略性的)speciescleanup,theUpp

39、erMainLineYinPennsylvaniatospendtimewithchildrenatasummercamp,aHurricaneSandycleanupinJerseyShoreandtheNationalMallinWashingtonDC.WesleptonfloorsoflocalYMCAsthatwouldtakeusinforanight,andsomenightswedidnthavetheopportunitytoshower.Wehadlatenightsontheroaddrivingfromcitytocity,andearlymorningstostart

40、thedayjournalingandreflectingontheday7before.Thoughwewerephysicallytiredfromthehardwork,westillenjoyedthetimetoexperiencethecultureoftheareaswewerein.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者參加去美國北部城市印第安納波利斯的義務(wù)服務(wù)旅行的情況，作者認為此次行程雖然辛苦卻很有意義，令人難忘。1Fortheauthor,theServicetotheNorthis_.AterrifyingCunforgettableBexhaustingDamus

41、ing答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文第一句話中的“Ihavecarriedwithmeeverydaysince”和最后一段中的“westillenjoyedthetime.wewerein”可知，暑假的服務(wù)行程對于作者來說是令人難忘的。故選C。2WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A.Thememberswereclearaboutwheretogoandwheretostop.BTheauthorhadtakenpartinsuchkindofservicebeforethisone.CTheauthorgotnervousbutwaswill

42、ingtofacesomethinguncomfortable.DTheteamhelpedcleanuptheinvasivespeciesinJerseyShore.答案：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThoughIwasnervous，Iwasalsoreadytotrysomethingcompletelyoutofmycomfortzone.”可知，作者雖然緊張，但還是準備盡力面對一些令自己覺得有挑戰(zhàn)性的事。故選C。3Wecanconcludefromthethirdparagraphthat_.Athetripwasjampackedwithhardworkandculturale

43、xperiencesBtheywerephysicallyexhaustedanddidntenjoythehardworkCtheyusuallyhadlittledifficultyinfindingrightdirectionDtheteamdidnthavetheopportunitytohaveashower答案：A推理判斷題。此段主要描述了作者此次服務(wù)旅行中的辛苦活動及其對當?shù)仫L俗文化的體驗，故可以推知A項“行程排滿了辛苦的服務(wù)工作，同時也有豐富的文化體驗”符合題意。4Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?AService

44、totheNorth:anunforgettableadventureBAbeautiful,breathtakingbuttiringadventureCAmeaningfulsummervacationDYCorps:twoservicetrips答案：A標題判斷題。根據(jù)首段以及全文內(nèi)容可以得知，本文主要敘述了作者去美國北部印第安納波利斯的一次令人難忘的義務(wù)服務(wù)旅行的情況，故選A。FBessieColemanBorninTexas,ColemanmovedtoChicagotofindajob,butshebecameinterestedinthestoriessheheardfrompi

45、lotsreturningfromWorldWar.However,herrace8U(種族)andhergender(性別)keptheroutofflightschoolsintheS.,soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying.WhenshereturnedtoChicago,Colemanhaddifficultyfindingjobs,soshechosetobeastunt特技)pilot.ShewasthefirstblackfemalepilotintheUS.andwasaninspirationtoearlypilots

46、andtoAfricanAmericansandNativeAmericans.BessicaRaicheBessicaRaichedroveacar,shotgunsandpracticedmedicine.Besides,shewasanaccomplishedartistandmusician.ButonOct.13,1910,RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself.Raichesaviationcareer(航空職業(yè))wasshort,asshemovedtoSouthernCaliforniatofocusonhercareerinmedicine,laterbecomingpresidentoftheOrangeCountyMedicalAssociation