新概念三冊(cè)Lesson2語(yǔ)法解釋

1、. Lesson 2 Thirteen equals oneOur vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, h

2、owever, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight

3、 of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. Whatever are you doing up here Bill asked the vicar in surprise. Im trying to repair the bell, answered Bill. Ive been ing up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. You certain

4、ly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, Im glad the bell is working again. Thats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do abo

5、ut it. Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea. Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.我們

6、教區(qū)的牧師總是為各種各樣的事籌集資金，但始終未能籌足資金把教堂的鐘修好。-is always raising money-always ,often ,usually等詞一般僅用于一般時(shí)態(tài)，但也可以用于進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)表示帶有贊賞，喜歡或厭惡、批評(píng)，不喜歡等感情色彩。They were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架。The girl was always changing her mind. 這女孩老是改變主意。They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. The wor

7、ker is always working hard. 表示贊揚(yáng)The baby is always crying.表示討厭。He is always thinking for others.總是為別人著想贊揚(yáng)1. 他總是跟我借錢，并且?guī)滋旌缶桶呀桢X的事拋之腦后。_ and forgetting all about it a few days later. 2. 他老是搗亂。 _(He is always borrowing money from me)(He is always making trouble.)mange to do : If you manage to do somethi

8、ng, especially something difficult, you succeed in doing it.1. The doctor _ my father to quit smoking, but she failed.A. tried to persuade B. managed to persuade C. persuaded 2. 盡管路上擁擠，我們還是設(shè)法按時(shí)到達(dá)了學(xué)校。 _have the church clock repaired 讓別人維修教堂大鐘have sth. done讓別人處理*物1. 昨天我理發(fā)了。別人給理的發(fā) _昨天我自己動(dòng)手理發(fā)了。 _2. 爸爸找人

9、把房子粉刷了。 _The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. 教堂的鐘很大，以前不分晝夜打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)，但在很多年前遭到毀壞，從此便無聲無息了。The big clock (which used to strike the hours day and night) was damaged many years 主語(yǔ)局部包含一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句many years ago是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞ago an

10、d has been silent ever since.ever since：從那時(shí)起，是完成時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞used to do sth.過去曾經(jīng)干*事be/get used to doing/sth.習(xí)慣于*事A. 選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組填空：1. Life here is much easier than it _ be.2. He _ hard work.3. Ive lived in Paris for si* years now, so Im quite _ the traffic.4. Its difficult to understand Scottish people if you_

11、their accent.5. It was a bit of a shock: I_ paying so much for a sandwich and a glass of beer.6. I dont play tennis much these days, but I _.7. The wood _ make desks and chairs.B. 動(dòng)詞填空：1. Youll soon get used to _(live) in the country.2. I never used to _(eat) cakes, but I eat a lot now.3. Im not use

12、d to _(treat) like this.4. When I was younger I was used to _(walk) long distances.5. I used to _(go) swimming on Saturdays.6. Didnt she use to _(live) in GermanyC. 翻譯句子：1幾個(gè)月后他就習(xí)慣了一個(gè)人生活了。 _.2我過去一直住在倫敦。 _.3刀是用來切東西的。 _.4人們?cè)J(rèn)為地球是扁的。 _.D. 中考1. There _ a lot of red-crowned cranes in this area. A. was use

13、d to B. was used to be C. used to D. used to be2. She used to _ with her parents, but now she is used to _ with her classmates at school. ( A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live3. He used to _ in a small village, but now he has been used to _ in the big city. ( A. live; liv

14、ing B. live; live C. living; living D. living; live4. Mrs. Green _ go to hospital, but now she is in good health. A. has to B. need to C. used to D. ought toA. 1. used to 2. is used to 3. used to 4. are not used to 5. was not used to 6. used to 7. is used toB. 1. living 2. eat 3. being treated(該題為動(dòng)名

15、詞的被動(dòng)形式,初中不作要求) 4. walking 5. go 6. liveC. 1. He was used to living alone several month later.2. I used to live in London.3. The knife is used to cut things.4. People used to think that the earth was flat.D.1. D 2. A 3. A 4. COne night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking

16、the hours!一天夜里，我們的牧師突然被驚醒了，大鐘又在打點(diǎn)報(bào)時(shí)了！with a start: If you start, your body suddenly moves slightly as a result of surprise or fear. Start is also a noun.a. She put the bottle on the table, banging it down hard. He started at the sound.b. Sylvia woke with a start.c. He gave a start of surprise and as

17、tonishment.d. The news gave me quite a startLooking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.他一看表，才1點(diǎn)鐘，可是那鐘一連敲了13下才停。Looking at his watch是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)可以做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)?？纯匆韵戮毩?xí)中的現(xiàn)在分詞或者過去分詞在句中做什么成分。1. _ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A. T

18、o see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen2. _ a post office, I stopped _ some stamps.A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buyD. Pass, to buy3. _ a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp. A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved4. _ how to do the ho

19、mework, I went to ask my teacher for help. A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing notD. Not known5. Deeply_, I thanked her again and again.A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved6. _the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building. A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has

20、 shownD. Having been shown7. He went from door to door, _ waste papers and magazines. A. gathering B. gathered C. gatherD. being gathered 8. The student corrected his paper carefully, _ the professors suggestions. A. followB. following C. followedD. being followed9. People _ in the city do not know

21、the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to liveC. lived D. living10. The wallet _ several days ago was found _ in the dustbin outside the building.A. stolen, hiddenB. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hidingArmed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was goi

22、ng on.牧師拿著一支電筒走上鐘樓想去看看終究發(fā)生了什么事情。arm：a. Your arms are the two long parts of your body that are attached to your shoulders and that have your hands at the end.She stretched her arms out.b. Arms are weapons, especially bombs and guns. (FORMAL) If you arm someone with a weapon, you provide them with a w

23、eapon.They quickly armed themselves with sticks and stones. If you are armed with sth. especially weapons, you have got it in order to attack others or protect yourself.Police say the man is armed with a gun and dangerous.armed with a torch 過去分詞或者形容詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)1. _ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most fa

24、mous universities in the United Stated.A. being founded B. Founded C. It was founded D. Founding2. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given3. Mrs. Bush stood _ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.A. surprised B. surpri

25、sing C. being surprised D. to be surprised4. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left5. _ to plete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.A. Being determined B. On having determined C. Determined D. To be determin

26、ed6. _ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See7. _ from the top of the TV tower, we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.A. To see B. Seen C. Seeing D. See8. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _

27、 out of her life.A. Saw; frightened B. Seen; frightened C. To see; frightening D. Seeing; frightenedIn the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 借著電筒光，他看見一個(gè)人，馬上認(rèn)出那是本地雜貨店店主比爾威爾金斯。catch sight of sth./sb. = seeIf you catch sight of som

28、eone, you suddenly see them, often briefly.Helen let out a shrill cry when she catch sight of a snake.A shrill sound is high-pitched and unpleasantSomething that is brief lasts for only a short time.She once made a brief appearance on television.figureYou refer to someone that you can see as a figur

29、e when you cannot see them clearly or when you are describing them.I saw a figure approaching in the darkness.When you approach something, you get closer to it.When I approached, they grew silent.recognize If you recognize someone or something, you know who that person is or what that thing is, beca

30、use you have seen, heard or read about them before.A man I easily recognized as Lukes father sat with a newspaper on his lap.Lisa! Im sorry - I didnt recognize you - youve had your hair cut! He recognized the voice as that of Dr. Brown.whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer

31、. Whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Whatever are you doing up here Bill asked the vicar in surprise.你終究在這上面干什么，比爾？牧師驚訝地問。疑問詞 ever 相當(dāng)于 no matter + 疑問詞一、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：ever 本是一個(gè)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的詞，加在疑問詞后面作后綴，不僅使疑問詞的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng)，而且變?yōu)榫哂凶尣揭饬x的一個(gè)復(fù)合詞，可用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Whatever No matter what you say, I believe you. 無論你說什么，我都相信你。Whoever No matter who telephones,

32、tell them Im out. 不管是誰打，都說我出去了。Whichever No matter which day you e, Ill be pleased to see you. 無論你哪天來，我都?xì)g送。Whenever No matter when you e, you are wele. 你什么時(shí)候來，我們都?xì)g送。We found the people friendly wherever no matter where we went. 無論我們走到哪里，我們都發(fā)現(xiàn)人們很友好。However No matter how much he eats, he never gets fa

33、t. 無論他吃多少，他都不發(fā)胖。二、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。I will just say whatever es into my mind. 我想到什么就說什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 誰違反這些規(guī)則都將受到處分。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it. 請(qǐng)想要這票，我就把它給誰。Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪個(gè)隊(duì)得分最多，哪個(gè)隊(duì)就贏。Whic

34、hever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我們當(dāng)中無論哪個(gè)先到家，哪個(gè)就先開場(chǎng)做飯。1. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever2. He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although3. _ ri

35、ch one may be there is always something one wants.A. whatever B. Whenever C. however D. Wherever4. We should report any incident, _.A. however serious or minor it is B. how serious or minor is itC. it is how serious or minor D. it is however serious or minor5. _ I say, he always disagrees.A. however

36、 B. whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever6. _ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.A. Wherever B. however C. Whichever D. Whoever7. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had to8. You can contact us by telephone or , _ you prefer.A. whenever B. ho

37、weverC. whichever D. whatever9. What do you want to do ne*t We have half an hour until the basketball game.Its up to you. _ you want to do is fine with me.A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever10. _ he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always the same thing.A.

38、HoweverB. WheneverC. whateverD. Whicheverin surprisein+表示情感的名詞：表示處于*種狀態(tài)in terror/surprise/astonishment/an*iety/amazement/fear/happiness/anger/joywith+名詞表示原因She was trembling with cold.To Janes great relief, she reached the house at last. To our astonishment, he broke the world record.She looked at t

39、he bo* for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide in astonishment.她看了那個(gè)匣子很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，然后她的眼睛充滿驚訝地睜大了。Jack shut his eyes in fear(fearfully).杰克害怕得閉上了眼睛。The servants were silent with surprise, and the children were silent with fear.仆人們因驚訝而目瞪口呆，孩子們也嚇得呆假設(shè)木雞。The students dropped to the ground and lay in terro

40、r. 同學(xué)們跌倒在地，躺在那里嚇壞了。She opened her hands and stared in horror at the dead bird. 她攤開雙手，驚慌的看著那只死鳥。Ive been ing up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise. 我想把這口鐘修好，比爾答復(fù)說。好幾個(gè)星期了，我天天夜里到鐘樓上來。嗯，我是想讓你大吃一驚。surprise的用法n. 驚奇；驚異; 意外的事；吃驚的事 in surprise驚奇地；吃驚地 to ones su

41、rprise = to the surprise of sb讓*人感到吃驚的是To the surprise of the young couple, they found the necklace missing使這對(duì)年輕夫婦驚奇的是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)鏈不見了。 Her face showed surprise at the news. 聽到這個(gè)消息她臉上露出了驚奇。He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大吃一驚。To our surprise，the boy won the prize. 使我們驚奇的是這個(gè)男孩獲獎(jiǎng)了。How did you

42、 e here she said in surprise. 你怎么到這兒來的她驚訝地說。John turned around and looked at me in surprise約翰轉(zhuǎn)過身來，驚奇地望著我。It was a great surprise to me when I heard the news. V. 使驚奇；使震驚surprise sb.be surprised atbe surprised to dobe surprised that-clause The news greatly surprised us. 這條消息使我們大為驚訝。 We were surprised

43、at his arrival到達(dá). The child was frightened at the noise. The teacher was glad at our progress. She was surprised to find her handbag missing.I was surprised that these houses stay up for such a long time.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)1. 定義:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去*一時(shí)間開場(chǎng)，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)是由have/has+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)

44、成3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的根本句型肯定式 I/We have been working.疑問式 Have you been working？簡(jiǎn)單答復(fù) Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑問式 Has he/she/it been working？簡(jiǎn)單答復(fù) Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1在強(qiáng)調(diào)指出動(dòng)作還未完畢，還要繼續(xù)下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finis

45、hed it. 這本書我已讀了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了，但我還沒讀完。Ive read this book.我已讀完這本書了。2強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久或帶感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一貫是這樣工作的。3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)也可表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)間反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情。Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我們經(jīng)常見面。5 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)的區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性,它是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。試比擬：Weve been living here for ten years

46、.Weve lived here for ten years.我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)住了十年了。2在不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的情況下，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)表示動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)展。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作在過去已完畢。如：The students have been preparing for the e*am.還在進(jìn)展學(xué)生們一直在準(zhǔn)備考試。The students have prepared for the e*am.已經(jīng)完畢學(xué)生們?yōu)榭荚囎髁藴?zhǔn)備。3有些表示狀態(tài)，感情，感覺的動(dòng)詞如：have，e*ist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Theyve kno

47、wn each other since 1970.自從1970年起他們就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。練習(xí):1. Mr Li _ swimming for 3 hours, and his son _ an hour ago.A. has been, started B. have started, has startedC. started, started D. Has started, has started2. -How long _ you _ stamps -Since two years ago.A. have, collect B. have, been collecting C. did, c

48、ollect D. are, collecting3. She had a headache because she _ too long. She ought to shop.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read4. The boy _ TV all the morning.A. has watched B. had watched C. has been watching D. watched5. - _ have you been learning to swim -Half a year.A. How long B.

49、 How often C. How far D. When6. Our teacher has been teaching in this school for_ .A. two year and a half B. two and a half yearC. two years and half D. two and a half years7. He _ it for two hours, and hes still watching now.A. has been watched B. watching C. has been watching D. is watchingYou cer

50、tainly did give me a surprise! said the vicar. Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, Im glad the bell is working again. 你確實(shí)使我大吃了一驚！牧師說，也許同時(shí)你把村里所有的人都吵醒了。不過，鐘又能報(bào)時(shí)了，我還是很快樂的。do強(qiáng)調(diào)用法(1) 句子中不能其他的助動(dòng)詞。如： Do be careful with that vase! 務(wù)必小心那個(gè)花瓶! I always do arrive in time! 我總是及時(shí)到達(dá)的!(2

51、) 用于表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的do可以有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，但其后的動(dòng)詞要用原形。如： He does speak well! 他確實(shí)講得很精彩。 He did e but soon went back. 他確實(shí)來過，但很快就回去了。用于強(qiáng)調(diào)的do通常只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去式(即只有do, does, did這樣的形式)，不能用于進(jìn)展時(shí)、完成時(shí)等形式(如不用于is doing, has done等)。另外，do 還經(jīng)常用于祈使句中表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：(1) 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)的請(qǐng)求。如： Do e with us. 請(qǐng)一定要和我們一起去。 Please! Do be quiet a moment! 求求你們! 安靜一會(huì)兒! (2)

52、表示委婉或客氣。如： Do try this fish. 請(qǐng)嘗嘗這魚。 Do have another cup of coffee. 請(qǐng)?jiān)俸缺Х劝伞?3) 表示不耐煩。如：Do stop talking! 別說啦!Do speak quietly: cant you(4) 希望說服對(duì)方、提示或警告。如： Do help me with this maths problem. 務(wù)請(qǐng)幫我解答這道數(shù)學(xué)題。Do stay in bed for a couple of days.as well as, as well, too, either一. as well 用法：1. as well常用作狀語(yǔ),

53、 作又；也解, 相當(dāng)于too或also, 常位于句末, 無須用逗號(hào)與句子分開。如：I am going to London and my sister is going as wellgoing, too.我要到倫敦去, 我妹妹也要去。I not only play the guitar, I sing as wellI also sing .我不但彈吉他, 而且還演唱。2. as well 在口語(yǔ)中也可用于句中, 作也好, 也行或倒不如解, 用來緩和語(yǔ)氣。如：You may as well go. 你去也好。二. as well as 用法1. as well as常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分,

54、 作也, 還解。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項(xiàng), 后一項(xiàng)只是順便提及。因此連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前一項(xiàng)一致；而用not only .but also.連接時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一項(xiàng)一致。如：Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. 不僅你而且你的妻子也對(duì)我很友好。Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me. Electric energy can be changed into light energy as well as into sound energy.電能既可以被轉(zhuǎn)變成聲能, 又可以被轉(zhuǎn)變成光能

55、。2. as well as 用來表示同級(jí)比擬, 指一樣好。如：You look as well as you did ten years ago. 你的身體看起來還和十年前一樣好。He plays the guitar as well as you.他的吉他彈得和你一樣好。練習(xí)：1. They play all kinds of instruments and sing _. A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as 2. Tom, _ Jane and Rose, _ going to the farm on foot. A. as long a

56、s；is B. as well as；are C. as long as；are D. as well as；is 3. They travel at full speed by day _ . A. and night B. and by night as well as C. as well at night D. as well as by night 4. Mrs. Black writes _, if not better than, her husband. A. as well as B. so well C. so well as D. as well 5. We e*pect

57、 her to do the housework as well _ after the children. A. as look B. as looking C. and look D. looking 6. She doesnt speak _ her friend, but her written work is e*cellent. A. as well as B. as often as C. so much D. as good as 7. Which of the following sentences is right？ A. Both father and as well a

58、s mother love me. B. Father as well as mother loves me. C. Both father as well as mother loves me. D. Not only father but also mother love me. 8. You feel _ you did yesterday, dont you？ A. as good as B. as well C. so good D. as well as 9. Im sure I was right. It is just _ I didnt lend him the money.

59、 A. so well B. as well as C. as well D. the same as Key: 15 C D D A A 69 A B D CThats the trouble, vicar, answered Bill. Its working all right, but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it. 問題就在這里，牧師，比爾答復(fù)說。不錯(cuò)，鐘是能報(bào)時(shí)了，但是，恐怕每到1點(diǎn)鐘，它總要敲13下，對(duì)此我已無能為力了。

60、11. Well get used to that, Bill, said the vicar. Thirteen is not as good as one, but its better than nothing. Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea. 大家慢慢就習(xí)慣了，比爾，牧師說。13下是不如1下好，但總比1下也不敲強(qiáng)。來，咱們下樓去喝杯茶吧。1. She had a tense e*pression on her face, _she were e*pecting trouble.A. even though B. even as