八年級英語下冊Unit8Whydon’tyougetherascarf知識講解

1、八年級英語下冊Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf 知識講解【單元目標(biāo)】.單詞與短語suggestion chooseenter advantage receivebesidescomment encourage present trendyspecial album personalinstead mouseperfect company asleep progressbenchSwedennative nearlyfall asleep 入睡give away 贈送rather than 勝于hear of 聽說suggest v. 提議;建議take a

2、n interest in 對感興趣make friends with 與交友.目標(biāo)句型：1. What should I get for sb?2. How about sth./doing sth.?3. How do you like sth.? 4. What about sth./doing sth.?5. Why dont you buy/get?6. Why not buy/get?7. Theyre too expensive/cheap/personal8. Great!/Good idea!/OK. Ill get/buy9. My best gift is 10. Its

3、 good for sb. to11. It can make sb.重點句型1. Why dont sb. do sth.?2. How about結(jié)構(gòu)3. tooto結(jié)構(gòu)【重點詞匯】1. improve作不及物動詞，表示“改進，改善”例如：His work is improving slowly. 他的工作提高得很慢。His health is improving. 他的健康正在好轉(zhuǎn)。也可作及物動詞，表示“使某物改進，改善”。例如：He studies harder to improve his English. 他更加努力提高英語水平了。This is not good enough.

4、I want to improve it. 這還不夠好，我要加以改進。2. remember v. 記住，記起I cant remember your name. 我記不起你的名字。As far as I can remember，this is the third time weve met.我記得這是我們第三次會面了。remember doing sth表示“記得做某事”;動名詞doing具有完成的意義I remember taking (having taken) the medicine at the right time.我記得已按時服過藥了。(吃過了)remember to do

5、sth表示“記住去做某事”;不定式to do表示未做的動作I remember to take the medicine at the right time. 我記住要按照服藥。(還沒吃)3. tooto，這個短語雖然是肯定的形式，但是表達的是否定的意思：“太以至于(不能)”。如：He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作了。The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry. 這箱子太重，小女孩搬不動。如在too前面或者后面有否定詞not，則整個句子表達肯定。如：This question is not too diffi

6、cult to answer. 這道題不太難回答。He is too clever not to see that. 他很聰明，不會不懂這一點。4. spendon在上花(時間或金錢)如：He spends a lot of money on books. 他花許多錢買書。I spend half an hour on my homework every day. 我每天要花費半小時做作業(yè)。I always spend weekends with my family. 我經(jīng)常和我的家人一起過周末。spend(in) doingsth.花(時間或金錢等)做某事。如：The government

7、will spend money looking after the patients.政府要花錢去照料那些病人5. instead 代替，替代作副詞，常放在句首或句末Its too hot to walk，well go swimming instead. 太熱不宜散步，我們改去游泳。The girl stopped watching TV，she danced instead now. 那個女孩不看電視了，而去跳舞了。He is tired，let me go instead. 他累了，讓我替他去吧。instead of后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞，表示“代替，而不是”。例如：Hell go t

8、o Italy instead of France. 他要去意大利而不去法國。Ill go instead of him. 我將代替他去。He played the whole afternoon instead of doing his homework.他玩了一下午而沒做作業(yè)。6. touch 觸，碰The branches of the tree touched the water. 樹枝碰到了水面。Visitors are not allowed to touch the exhibits. 參觀者請勿觸摸展覽品。Dont touch that pot;its very hot. 不要

9、摸那口鍋，它很燙。常用短語：in touch with有聯(lián)系;對某事熟悉lose touch 失去聯(lián)系，停止聯(lián)系out of touch 無聯(lián)系;生疏7. native 本地的，本族的，本國的Chinese is our native language. 漢語是我們的母語。Its a native fruit. 這是一種當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)的水果。ones native country / land 本國，祖國native place 出生地ones native language 本國語，本族語反義詞：foreign 外國的;外交的;外國產(chǎn)的;外來的8. increase 增加，增大，增多Travel i

10、ncreases ones knowledge of the world. 旅游提高一個人對世界的認識。He increased the size of his farm year by year. 他逐年擴大他的農(nóng)場規(guī)模。The population of this town has increased by 5 percent. 這個鎮(zhèn)的人口已經(jīng)增長了5%。常用短語： increase by 增加了increase to 增加到9. support 支持;繼續(xù);養(yǎng)活He has a large family to support. 他有一大家子人要養(yǎng)活。He was supported h

11、ome by the man. 他被那個人扶回了家。support還可作名詞，表示“擁護;支持”There is strong public support for the change. 公眾大力支持這一變革。10. enough意為“充足，足夠”enough作副詞，可用于修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞等，通常置于被修飾語之后。I dont know him well enough to ask him for help.我和他不夠熟悉，不好請他幫忙。This room is big enough for five of us to live in. 這房間給我們5個人住夠大了。enough還可作形

12、容詞，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，置于名詞前或后均可。Do you have enough time? 你的時間夠用嗎?We have money enough to buy the house.我們有足夠的錢買這所房子。11. take care of 表示“照顧，照料，愛惜”是及物的動詞短語。During the illness of their mother the children were taken care of by a neighbor.在孩子們的母親患病期間，他們由一位鄰居照顧。A good car should last you a long time if you

13、 take care of it.如果你愛惜的話，一部好汽車會讓你長時間使用。She ought to take care of her health more than she does.她該比現(xiàn)在更注意健康。【重難點分析】1. Why dont you do sth.?這是給別人提建議，建議某人做什么事情的句型。如：Why dont we come more often? 咱們?yōu)槭裁床唤?jīng)常來這里呢?Why dont you do it this way? 為什么不用這種方法做呢?Why dont you have another try? 為什么不再試一次呢?Why dont you bu

14、y a book for your father? 給你爸爸買本書怎么樣?這個句子還可以寫成Why not do?如：Why not get her a camera? 為什么不給她買個相機呢?這個句型還有發(fā)出禮貌地邀請的用法。如：Why dont you have a drink of tea? 請喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?2. How/What about? 表示“怎么樣/好嗎?”這個句型是詢問聽話這一方對某事物的看法或者意見。about是個介詞，它后面要接名詞或者doing。如：How about his playing football? 他足球

15、踢得怎么樣?What about swimming with us? 和我們一起游泳怎么樣?How about her English? 她的英語怎樣?3. When did Joe get it? 喬是什么時候收到的禮物?On his sixth birthday. 在他6歲生日時。(1)on ones birthday表示“在某人的歲生日時”，要用序數(shù)詞。On his tenth birthday，his parents gave him a new bike as birthday present.在他10歲生日那天，他的父母給他買了一輛新的自行車作為生日禮物。(2)介詞on表示“在具體

16、的某一天或某一天的上、下午”。We will have a party on Christmas Day. 圣誕節(jié)那天，我們將要舉行一個晚會。4. Is it someone in your family? 是你家里的什么人嗎?句中it用來確指身份不明的人。-Who is it? 是誰呀?-Its me，Mary. 是我，瑪麗。-Who is at the door? 誰在門口?-Its the postman. 是郵遞員。(主語是who，身份不明，故用it指代)Mr Smith is at the door.He wants to see you.史密斯先生在門口，他想見你。(主語是Mr S

17、mith，身份明確，故用he指代)5. The movie was boring，I fell asleep half way through it.這部電影令人厭煩。在放映了一半時我就睡著了。(1)boring表示“令人厭煩的”，bored表示“厭煩的”The book was boring. When he read the book，he felt bored.這本書很令人厭煩。當(dāng)他讀的時候，覺得很煩。bored在這里是過去分詞作形容詞用，許多動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞均可作形容詞，區(qū)別在于過去分詞有被動意味，常指“對感到”，主語通常是“人”，后面多接介詞;而現(xiàn)在分詞有主動意味，指“使人的

18、”，常用作表語，而主語通常是“物”。例如：He is interested in science. 他對科學(xué)很感興趣。The story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。I was surprised at his answer. 我對他的回答感到吃驚。The result is surprising. 結(jié)果使人吃驚。(2)fall asleep意為“睡著了”，fall是連系動詞，asleep是形容詞，作表語。When he was reading，he fell asleep. 他看書時睡著了。6. In the USA，some people ask their

19、families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts. 在美國，一些人要求他們的家人和朋友把錢捐給慈善機構(gòu)而不是給他們買禮物。(1)本句中兩個to，第一個to為不定式符號，后為動詞原形，第二個to作介詞。例如：The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom老師讓我把書拿到教室里去。(2)rather than表示“與其(不如)，不是(而是)”是連詞詞組，可在兩個并列的成分中選擇，也可連接兩個謂語、兩個表語、兩個主語等。當(dāng)主句有動詞不定

20、式，rather than后可接帶to的動詞不定式或不帶to的動詞不定式，也可以用動名詞形式。例如：Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air.東西落到地面上而不是飛向天空。These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 這些鞋子談不上漂亮但穿起來很舒服。I rather than you，should do the work.該做這工作的是我，而不是你。I think Ill have a cold drink rather than milk. 我想喝冷飲，不想喝牛奶。The

21、 color seems like yellow rather than green.這顏色看上去更像黃色而不像綠色。7. People dont need to spend too much money.人們不需要花費太多的錢。(1)need在本句中作實義動詞，表示“需要”，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其后常接名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語。Do you need any help? 你需要幫助嗎?(名詞)I can give you some help. Do you need it? 我可以幫助你，你需要嗎?(代詞)I need to go right now 你需要現(xiàn)在就走。(不定式)nee

22、d表示“必須”，還可作情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，接動詞原形作謂語，直接加not構(gòu)成否定形式。只用在否定句和疑問句中。例如：I neednt finish that work today. 我今天不必把那項工作做完。Need you go right now? 你一定得現(xiàn)在走嗎?(2)too much意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。There is too much time left. 還剩下太多的時間。8. Later，the same gift may be given away to someone else.后來，同樣的禮品可能被贈送給別人。該句為含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。g

23、ive away表示“贈送，捐贈”是固定的短語動詞。例如：He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已決定把所有的錢都捐贈給慈善機構(gòu)。Ive given the books away to a library.我已經(jīng)把那些書捐贈給一家圖書館。Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away.他們把狗送給別人時，她的小兒子哭得很厲害。They are giving away free toys when you spend more than

24、$30 in the store.如果你在那家商店消費超過30美元，他們免費贈送玩具。9. Twenty-four singers from across China recently competed by singing a number of popular English songs.來自全中國的24名歌手最近通過唱若干首流行英語歌曲來比賽。(1)句中“by+動名詞”表示“通過某種方式或手段”，在句中作方式狀語。I did not think she would do any good by coming over. 我認為她過來不會有什么好處。There is nothing to

25、gain by waiting. 等待將一無所獲。He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night.通過整夜練習(xí)他自學(xué)拉小提琴。(2)a number of表示“許多，大量，若干”是量詞詞組，其后只跟可數(shù)名詞。The parents were invited to see the program，and a number“people came，too.父母應(yīng)邀來看節(jié)目，不少人也來了。There were a number of people out this afternoon.今天下午許多人出去了。A number o

26、f accidents always occur on such days.在這種日子里常常有事故發(fā)生。10. If there were new words in a song，I looked them up in the dictionary.如果在歌曲里有生詞，我就查字典。這是一個含有條件狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句中l(wèi)ook up表示“(在詞典、書籍中)查找”。按照英語習(xí)慣用法，“查字典”為look up the words in the dictionary，不說look up the dictionary。另外，look up是“動副”結(jié)構(gòu)的及物的短語動詞，名詞作賓語置于副詞前后皆

27、可，代詞作賓語要置于副詞之前。If you dont know the meaning of a word，look it up in a good dictionary.如果你不知道一個詞的意義，就去查一本好詞典。You can look up her telephone number in the book.你可以在電話簿里查找她的電話號碼。Will you look up a train for me in the timetable?你可不可以幫我在行車時刻表中查找一個列車車次?11. As you go to your home by the ocean may you never

28、forget those sweet hours that we spent in the Red River Valley and the love we exchanged mid the flowers.當(dāng)你通過海洋到你家時，祝你永遠不會忘記我們一起在紅河谷度過的那些甜蜜時光以及我們一起在花叢中交換的愛情。這是一個含有時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句，主句中又含有兩個定語從句。hours和love既在主句中作forget的并列賓語，又分別是其后定語從句所修飾的先行詞。在前一個定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that既引導(dǎo)定語從句，又在從句中作spent的賓語;在第二個定語從句的主語we前，省略了既引導(dǎo)定語從

29、句，又在從句中作exchanged賓語的關(guān)系代詞that或which。主句中may用倒裝語序表示祝愿。例如：May you succeed!祝你成功!May you be happy!祝你幸福!May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!as用作連接詞表示時間關(guān)系，用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意思也是“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，往往可與when或while通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如：I saw him as he was getting off the bus.當(dāng)他下公共汽車時，我看見了他。As he walked on，he felt himself getting more

30、and more tired.他繼續(xù)往前走的時候，感到越來越疲乏。As the day went on，the weather got worse.隨著時間的推移，天氣變得更糟。I was coming in as he was going out.我進來時他正出去。My pen trembles as I write it.我一邊寫，筆一邊顫抖。Helen heard the story as she washed.海倫洗衣服的時候聽到這個故事。As I left the house I remembered the key.當(dāng)我們離開房間的時候，我想起了鑰匙?！驹~語辨析】1. spend，

31、cost，take，pay表“花費”(1)spend的主語必須是“人”，賓語可以是錢、精力、時間等。如：He spends much money on books. 他平時將很多錢用在買書上。He spent a lot of money(in)buying a new car. 他花很多錢買了一輛新車。(2)cost的主語必須是“物”或“事”，表示“費用”、“耗費”，后接life，money，health，time等，側(cè)重于“花費”的代價。如：The book cost him one dollar. 這本書用了他一美元。It costs you 12 pounds to go to Lon

32、don by ship. 乘船到倫敦要用12英鎊。(3)take表示“花費”時，其主語一般是“一件事”，有時主語也可以是人，它說明事情完成“花費了”。如：It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 到郵局用用了我十分鐘時間。It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that. 買一座像那樣的房子要花很多錢。(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”，作為及物動詞，賓語可以是“人”、“錢”，如：He paid the taxi and hurried to the station. 他付了出租車的

33、錢，急忙向車站趕去。They had to pay two hundred francs. 他得付一百法郎。Well pay you in a few days. 幾天后我會給你錢。(5)pay for的賓語為“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。如：Youll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals. 你得每周付給我十美元飯錢。注意：下面兩句中 pay for的意義不同。Of course we have to pay for what we buy. 當(dāng)然我們買東西得付錢。Dont worry about money;Ill pay

34、 for you.別擔(dān)心錢，我會替你付的。2. other與else兩者都有“別的，其他的”的含義，但用法有區(qū)別：(1)other是形容詞，用于名詞的前面;else作副詞或形容詞用時，常修飾不定代詞或疑問代詞，并置于其后。Some are playing football. Other students (或用代詞Others) are watching.一些學(xué)生在踢足球，其他的學(xué)生在觀看。What else can you see in the classroom?在教室里你還能看見其他的什么東西?(2)other與else有時可相互轉(zhuǎn)換。He is taller than any othe

35、r student in his class.= He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班里的其他學(xué)生都要高。What else can you see?=What other things can you see?你還能看見其他東西嗎?3.receive與accept兩者都做“收到”講，但具體含義有所不同。(1)receive的意思是“接到”“收到”“受到”。它指“接”“收”的動作或事實，并不包含接收者本人是否“接受”的意思。I received a letter from my mother.我收到了母親的一封信。We received

36、 a warm welcome there. 我們在那里受到了熱烈的歡迎。(2)accept的意思是“接受”“領(lǐng)受”“承認”“接納”。指經(jīng)過考慮，同意或愿意接受強調(diào)“收到”的結(jié)果是“接受”了。We received the present，but we did not accept it.我們收到了那份禮物，但沒有接受它。He accepted the invitation with pleasure. 他愉快地接受了邀請?！玖?xí)題檢測】一. 單項選擇。1. The dictionary _ me $20.A. paidB. spentC. tookD. cost2. Mr. Lee was _

37、 tired that he couldnt keep his eyes _.A. too，openB. so，closedC. too，closedD. so，open3. -May I go now? -No. You _ let the teacher know first.A. needB. mustC. canD. may4. Mr. Smith _ an hour on this work.A. spentB. tookC. usedD. paid5. -I called you at about half past eight last night，but nobody answ

38、ered.-Oh，I _ in my office at that time.A. will workB. was working C. worked D. had worked6. -Why not come and join us in the game?-_. But I must go to meet Mr Smith at the airport.A. Id like toB. Lets go C. Yes，please D. Its a pleasure7. -Would you like some tea? -Yes. Just _.A. little B. a little C

39、. few D. a few8. The teacher tells the students _ in class.A. dont make faces B. not make facesC. not to make facesD. to not make faces9. -I have finished my homework. -When _ you _ it?A. have;finished B. do;finishC. will;finish D. did;finish10. What _ good idea it is!A. a B. an C. the D. 不填二. 根據(jù)下列各

40、句的意思和漢語或首字母提示，寫出該單詞。1. Mr Li told his little son to answer teachers questions _(有禮貌).2. Its _(危險) to swim alone in the river.3. -I want to report a traffic _(事故).-Yes，go ahead.4. -I thought Id buy James a new bike for his birthday.-Thats a _(精彩) idea.5. Harbin is in the _(東北) of China.6. Susan could

41、nt catch up with her classmates w_ your help.7. When they h_ to the cinema，the film had been on for half an hour.8. She sat at the desk and smiled q_ at me.三. 根據(jù)所給的詞寫句子。1. enjoyed I class this year really Ms Martinezs_.2. Annas next birthday week Its_.3. dont her soccer ball why get you a_?4. gift c

42、ountries different is different in giving_.5. will the China be for host Olympics the 2008_.四. 閱讀理解。(A)1. How long does the art show last?A. One day.B. Two days.C. Three days.D. Four days.2. The students have the school meeting _ in May.A. four times B. three timesC. twiceD. once3. We can see that t

43、he students will have exams from _ to_.A. May 1May 5B. May 1012C. May 22May 27D. May 8May 114. From the above chart(圖表) we can see that there are two _ groups in this school.A. sportsB. artC. scienceD. language(B)For many of us，the idea of a family is a lot narrower than it used to be. Today childre

44、n go away to college，and take up jobs wherever chances seem greatest. So instead of growing up in a family with grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins，many of us are truly connected only to our parents and brothers.Many kids today know little of the lives of their relatives and dont care deeply about

45、 them.Whether we realize it or not，this feeling of being disconnected makes people feel a kind of lonely. “People need to feel connected，”says Joy Browne，a doctor in the U.S. “And they will do it in the easiest ways.”When family members arent connected，what could be easier than forming(形成) a connect

46、ion to famous people?This isnt something unusual，of course. People cried when Mei Yanfang died in 2003. Its natural and in most ways harmless to feel that way. But thats unhealthy，because these relationships(關(guān)系) arent two-way.For that，we need to stay connected to our own families. Parents can help b

47、y telling their children stories about their grandparents，aunts and cousins，and by telling them the childrens latest activities and interests.We can use technology to keep connected with each other. Its easy to send e-mails to granddad Better yet，take a vacation with members of your relatives-not wi

48、th any other person. A week or so of relaxing vacation can be a great way to tie up family ties. And when a bad thing happens，no one can be as helpful as your relatives. Because no matter how much we cry for the famous people，they cant be there to cry for us.5. Which of the following does the writer

49、 seem to tell us?A. People should love famous people better than they love their relatives.B. We should always take vacations with our own family members.C. The idea of a family should stay the same.D. The feeling of love should be two-way.6. The writer talks about technology here to _.A. tell us th

50、e way to improve family relationshipB. encourage us to tell others what is happeningC. let us know something new about scienceD. teach us how to send an e-mail7. The reason why people feel lonely is that _.A. the famous people dont cry for themB. people want better jobs and good schoolingC. people arent as closely connected as beforeD. kids today know little about their relatives8. What does the writer write this passage for?A. To keep families f