高考英語-閱讀理解之七選五.ppt課件

1、高考閱讀理解之七選五4.解題技巧3.解題步驟2.命題方向1.題型介紹目錄七選五是英語高考試卷中的重要題型1.題型介紹考試說明“主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握”1.題型介紹1.文章整體內(nèi)容2.文章結(jié)構(gòu)3.文章上下文邏輯意義主旨概括性句子過渡性句子注釋性句子難在哪里？1.題型介紹個(gè)別選項(xiàng)區(qū)分度不大，干擾性強(qiáng)說明文議論文記敘文2.命題方向分析歷年高考真題可知結(jié)構(gòu)性強(qiáng)，適合考察標(biāo)題概括，主題句，過渡句等2.命題方向以13-17年高考全國II卷為例，體裁都是說明文2013進(jìn)行公共演講的訓(xùn)練要點(diǎn)2014時(shí)間緊迫情況下的烹調(diào)建議2015如何進(jìn)行馬拉松訓(xùn)練的相關(guān)建議2016如

2、何打造一個(gè)你自己的專屬花園2017工作中被人打斷時(shí)如何處理應(yīng)對(duì)2.命題方向以13-17年高考全國II卷為例，體裁都是說明文3.解題步驟 04020103先看選項(xiàng)，勾畫選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵信息再看文章，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，觀察文章設(shè)空位置觀察空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的邏輯性代入答案，重點(diǎn)核查邏輯關(guān)系4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01語篇銜接手段包括詞匯銜接，邏輯銜接篇章結(jié)構(gòu)02根據(jù)設(shè)空在篇章中位置的不同確定不同的解題技巧4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例1 2016全國新課標(biāo)卷1】 People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code bre

3、aking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded message is called cryptography. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long a

4、s there have been codes, people have tried to break them.解析：C項(xiàng)的to break them與空后的Code breaking屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例2 2014全國新課標(biāo)卷2】 Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes

5、 around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.解析：空前的one與three, four都是數(shù)字，屬于同范疇的詞，將此選項(xiàng)代入空格，前后意義銜接，故選C項(xiàng)。詞匯同現(xiàn)4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例3 2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N2】If you have a door to your office, make

6、good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.E. Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF. It might seem unkind to cut

7、 people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not解析：G項(xiàng)的it與空前door照應(yīng)代詞指代語篇銜接手段詞匯銜接詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯同現(xiàn)代詞指代4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接A.并列關(guān)系： And; First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for one thing, for another thing，

8、.；then /next, finally/last 等。B.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。C.解釋例證關(guān)系： for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜

9、接D.因果關(guān)系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(結(jié)果), as a result (of), so/such.that.，so that.等。E.轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系： but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, if not, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。F.概括歸納關(guān)系： in short, in brief, in summary, gen

10、erally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接【例4. 2016全國新課標(biāo)卷1】There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden massage “Meet me.” EYou can hide a m

11、essage by having the first letter of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解析：由空后的For example可得知是解釋例證關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)與下文舉例相符。解釋例證關(guān)系4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯

12、銜接【例5. 2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3】Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps

13、you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系解析：由空后的If not可得知轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)if引導(dǎo)的條件句與下文if not有轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系。4.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接【例6. 2014全國卷】Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great change

14、s in the way you eat and live!E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.并列關(guān)系解析：由空后的and可得知并列關(guān)系。語篇銜接手段邏輯銜接并列轉(zhuǎn)折解釋例證.4.解題技巧02【例7】(2016全國卷)It starts with looking inside yourselfand how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think

15、 that a garden Others are concerned about using gardening methods However, there are a number of other reasons thatmight explain why you want to gardenRecall (回憶) your childhood memories Our model of what a gardenA. Know why you garden.B. Find a good place for your own garden.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)a.在小標(biāo)題設(shè)空小標(biāo)題特點(diǎn)是簡(jiǎn)短，與文

16、中給出的小標(biāo)題結(jié)構(gòu)一致，多為祈使句4.解題技巧02【例8】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N2) 37 .Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for

17、yourself as your time goes篇章結(jié)構(gòu)b.在段首設(shè)空通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。解析：空格為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文可知，本段主要講述了受到打擾要告訴別人你有很多事要做，再找另外的時(shí)間交談。4.解題技巧02【例9】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3) 37 . In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family,

18、 get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)b.在段首設(shè)空通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義

19、詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。解析：空格為本段主旨句。通讀本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要是建議讀者要弄清楚自己做出改變的原因，并告訴家人或室友你想要做的改變。4.解題技巧02【例10】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3) Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness t

20、he following week, a recent study found. 39 E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)c.在段末設(shè)空通常是總結(jié)句，總結(jié)概括該段內(nèi)容。therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word；如非總結(jié)句，則要考慮與前面句子的詞匯和邏輯銜接解析：空格為本段概括句。本段主要建議讀者即使在周末也要堅(jiān)持自己設(shè)定的睡覺和起床時(shí)間。4.解題技巧02【例11】(2016高考浙江卷) How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life, dont they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it real