貴廣高鐵鋼筋混凝土施工

1、1Reinforced concrete works貴廣高鐵鋼筋混凝土施工2THEMES主題This training is to give guidelines and teaching the Local supervisor on construction method that could practice on the ongoing construction works of the Guiyang-guangzhou railway project這次培訓(xùn)的目的是在施工方法上對(duì)監(jiān)理進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和教學(xué)，以便在貴廣高鐵項(xiàng)目接下來的施工中加以實(shí)踐。 FOR LS THRU FQR 外方質(zhì)量

2、代表對(duì)中方監(jiān)理 3 GUIDELINES AND TOPICS OF THE TRAINING FOR THE SUPERVISOR ON BRIDGES培訓(xùn)針對(duì)橋梁施工的監(jiān)理4Reinforced concrete works鋼筋混凝土施工 Pier Foundation or Plate Head 橋墩基礎(chǔ)或承臺(tái)Pier columns 橋墩Column head caps 墩帽5For installation of Reinforced steel bars加固鋼筋的安裝Sequence of work: 工序：Check and study the structural detail

3、s and drawings of the structure. 確認(rèn)、學(xué)習(xí)鋼筋籠的結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)圖； Check the fabricated steel bars required as its numbers, measurements and diameter needed.檢查鋼筋籠鋼筋數(shù)量、規(guī)格、及直徑； Steel bars to be installed should be cleaned from rust and dirt. 必須清除鋼筋上的銹跡、污垢；6Establish the exact location of the structure by the survey

4、team. 由測(cè)量隊(duì)伍確定結(jié)構(gòu)的確切位置Structure to be installed steel bars should be cleaned from dirt, mud, waste concrete or any other materials. 必須清理要架設(shè)鋼筋的結(jié)構(gòu)上的污垢、淤泥、廢棄混凝土及其他材料； Proper chipping of construction joints prior to start on connecting structure. 在連接結(jié)構(gòu)之前，要對(duì)施工縫認(rèn)真鑿毛。Proper fixing and spacing on the installa

5、tions. 鋼筋安裝要牢固，間距要合適； 7For installation of reinforced steel bars加固鋼筋的安裝Adequate provision of spacers and concrete covering. 要使用足夠的混凝土墊塊、預(yù)留足夠的混凝土保護(hù)層； Checking by Local Supervisor for its installed steel bars by numbers, measurements, diameter based on the required drawings and free from dirt rust and

6、 the proper construction joints. 監(jiān)理要根據(jù)圖紙對(duì)安裝的鋼筋的數(shù)量、規(guī)格、直徑進(jìn)行確認(rèn)，同時(shí)確認(rèn)是否除銹、施工縫是否認(rèn)真鑿毛。 8Installed form and bottom steel bars安裝模板和底部鋼筋What happened to the concrete covering, it is missing? 混凝土保護(hù)層呢？不見了嗎？What was wrong why cannot pour lean concrete? 為什么不澆注混凝土？Is there no need cleaning the form when to install

7、? 安裝模板的時(shí)候，沒有必要清洗干凈嗎？Why the installed steel bars are rusting? 為什么已安裝的鋼筋都生銹了？9Concrete casting of plate head承臺(tái)混凝土澆筑Is this kind of curing works? 這是在做養(yǎng)護(hù)工作嗎？Proper curing works is to continuously spraying water or by flooding on top of plate head. 正確的養(yǎng)護(hù)方式是持續(xù)噴水，或在承臺(tái)頂部用蓄水法養(yǎng)護(hù)。10For installation of forms模板

8、的安裝Sequence of works 工序: Check the detail drawing and layout of the structure. 確認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)圖和結(jié)構(gòu)布置； Establish the exact location, alignment and coordinates of the structure by the survey team. 由測(cè)量隊(duì)伍確立具體位置、平面及坐標(biāo)；Cleaning of forms and application of form oils. 清潔模板，并刷油； 11Lay out the true location on the actua

9、l site given by the survey. 根據(jù)測(cè)量，在實(shí)際施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)做正確的定位Erection of scaffoldings with proper safety requirements, like safety ladders, nets, working platforms and signages. 安裝腳手架要滿足一些安全要求,如安全梯、防護(hù)網(wǎng)、工作平臺(tái)、標(biāo)示標(biāo)牌。Installation of forms and supports with proper provision of concrete covering and supervision on liftin

10、g works.關(guān)于模板的安裝，要預(yù)留足夠的混凝土保護(hù)層，要對(duì)吊裝工作進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。 12For installation of forms模板的安裝Checking and establish the top of concrete pouring elevation as required on the construction joints by the survey.根據(jù)測(cè)量確認(rèn)和設(shè)定混凝土澆筑標(biāo)高、施工縫的位置 Checking of the structure from measurement, cleanliness and roughness of the construction

11、 joints, correct locations, stability of the installed forms, supports, concrete covering and embedments. 從尺寸、清潔度、施工縫的粗糙度、正確的位置、模板的穩(wěn)定性、支撐性、混凝土保護(hù)層和預(yù)埋度進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。13Installed column forms on plate head在承臺(tái)上安裝墩身模板What happening in this column? Thus the engineer sleep when pouring of the plate head or the surve

12、y dont mark the top elevation? 這座橋墩怎么了？難道是澆筑承臺(tái)的時(shí)候工程師在睡覺嗎？或者是測(cè)量隊(duì)伍沒有標(biāo)注承臺(tái)頂部的標(biāo)高？14Installed embedments and steel bars on column head cap在墩帽安裝預(yù)埋件和鋼筋I(lǐng)s this installation of steel plate and reinforced steel bars as per drawing? Gap on steel plate and form and the steel bars are outside from the form? 鋼板和加固

13、鋼筋這樣安裝是符合設(shè)計(jì)的嗎？為什么鋼板和模板之間留有縫隙？為什么鋼筋的位置已經(jīng)超出了模板安裝的位置？15Reinforcement concrete casting works混凝土澆注施工 Sequence of Works 工序：After installed steel bars and forms inspected by the local supervisor, preparation of concrete casting should be made. 安裝完鋼筋籠及模板，并由現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理檢查驗(yàn)收后，開始準(zhǔn)備混凝土澆注 Checking of working platforms,

14、ladders and nets 檢查施工平臺(tái)、安全梯和防護(hù)網(wǎng) Workability of the area. 檢查現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可施工性； 16Concrete casting works 混凝土澆筑Good concrete works but after what will be the problem?, without curing and cleaning of waste concrete? 澆筑工作做的不錯(cuò)，但是接下來的問題是什么？沒有養(yǎng)護(hù)嗎？不清理殘留的混凝土嗎？17Preparation of areas for concrete pump and delivery transit

15、 mixers. 準(zhǔn)備混凝土輸送泵及攪拌機(jī) During concreting the local supervisor should check the followings: 澆注過程中，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理需檢查一下內(nèi)容： 1. Concrete Delivery on site if the same as required strength. 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)送到的混凝土是否符合要求強(qiáng)度 18Reinforcement concrete casting works混凝土澆注施工2. Temperature, delivery time limit and slump testing. 溫度、運(yùn)送時(shí)間上限、

16、塌落度試驗(yàn)；3. Taking concrete cubes samples and keep on safe places that could not be disturbed or move during setting time. 制作混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)試塊，放置在凝固期間不會(huì)受干擾和移動(dòng)的地方；After concrete pouring the structure should be cleaned from waste concrete and curing should be done the next 12 hrs continuously. 澆注完成后，應(yīng)該清理掉殘留的混凝土，12

17、小時(shí)后要開始持續(xù)不斷的養(yǎng)護(hù)。 19Concrete repair works混凝土修復(fù)工作：Working Method工作方法:In any minor or major concrete crack to be repairs： 混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)期間，如出現(xiàn)裂縫、不管大小，都要進(jìn)行修復(fù)； Chipping off the crack line and clean from dust and make it moist.先鑿毛裂縫，清除塵土，再澆濕； After, application of approved epoxy mortar foundation and columns and for

18、 girders and slabs by using injection of approved liquefied epoxy mortar.對(duì)墩基和墩身使用環(huán)氧膠泥修復(fù)；對(duì)大梁修復(fù)也是一樣，但要使用稀釋環(huán)氧膠泥注入修復(fù)。 20Prestressed Girder Production預(yù)應(yīng)力梁的生產(chǎn)Reinforcement and concrete casting:加固及混凝土澆筑 Installation of the steel bars as required in the drawing根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)安裝鋼筋； Installation of the tubes for tendons

19、 base on the indicated approved design profile of the tendons, end blocks of anchorages and sealed off tightly and the required embedments.使用鍍鋅管做預(yù)應(yīng)力線，設(shè)計(jì)剖面圖中肯定也是這樣要求的，必須將錨碇嚴(yán)密封緊，并按要求嵌入； 21Prestressed Girder Production預(yù)應(yīng)力梁的生產(chǎn)The steel bars should be free from dirt and rust with enough concrete covering

20、. 鋼筋需除塵、去銹，留出足夠的混凝土保護(hù)層； The forms should be free from dirt, rust and applied form oils and fixed tightly. 模板需除塵、去銹，刷油，并固定緊實(shí)； Prior to concrete pouring, there should be prepared a required numbers of concrete vibrators and for standby in case of breakdown. 澆注混凝土前，要準(zhǔn)備好足夠數(shù)量的振動(dòng)器，且要有備用； 22On concreting,

21、the concrete mix should be as required on the design strength, temperature, delivery time limit, slump testing and taking cube samples. 混凝土澆筑期間，攪拌、溫度、運(yùn)輸時(shí)間、塌落度均須達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求的強(qiáng)度，并制作養(yǎng)護(hù)模塊； During concrete pouring, it should be done on a time limit of discharging from the transit mixer and laying, since the mi

22、x is a fast setting and properly compacted by form vibrators and engine vibrators. 混凝土澆筑須控制在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)，因?yàn)閿嚢杌炷聊梯^快，還需要模殼振動(dòng)器或引擎振動(dòng)器正確地進(jìn)行搗固； 23Casting concrete of Girder梁的混凝土澆筑Good placing of concrete, but it should be properly cured and cement painting of the starter bars for railings 澆筑作業(yè)不錯(cuò)，但是要做好養(yǎng)護(hù)工作，同時(shí)要在

23、預(yù)留搭接鋼筋上刷一層水泥砂漿24Prestressed Girder Production預(yù)應(yīng)力梁的生產(chǎn)Tensioning Works 張拉施工:Prior to Tensioning Works 張拉之前:The hydraulic pump and jack should be check for their working capabilities and its gauge pressure if accurately working and calibrated. 檢查液氧泵及千斤頂性能，并校準(zhǔn)壓力表； Prepare the design tensioning datas and

24、 the required values of elongation and load pressure on site. 準(zhǔn)備好張拉數(shù)據(jù)，以及要求的延伸率和負(fù)荷壓力； 25Cleaning the holes by means of pressurized water jet or air compressor.用高壓噴水機(jī)或風(fēng)泵清理洞孔； Install the required bundled tendons in each holes, tendon wires should be free from rust and dirt.在每個(gè)洞孔內(nèi)裝入預(yù)應(yīng)力筋，必須保證無塵土、銹、及油； I

25、nstall the end block anchorages and wedges each end holes of the girder.在每個(gè)洞口裝上夾板和墊片； Check all anchorages and wedges if properly installed and inserted. 檢查所有夾板和墊片是否都埋入和鑲嵌好； 26Prestressed Girder Production預(yù)應(yīng)力梁的生產(chǎn)During tensioning in each holes, elongation and load pressure should be check if the sam

26、e in the required design load and elongations with properly recorded by LS for its 20%(initial tensioning) and 100%(final tensioning) 張拉時(shí)，必須檢查每個(gè)洞孔延伸率及負(fù)荷壓力是否與設(shè)計(jì)要求一致，監(jiān)理對(duì)需對(duì)張力到20%和完成（100%）時(shí)的這兩項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行記錄In case there is slippage or break of tendon wire, all tendon wires in a hole should be replace and repea

27、t tensioning. 一旦有預(yù)應(yīng)力筋移動(dòng)或斷裂，每條筋都必須更換，重新張拉； Prior to start the tensioning works, LS should be check the equipments, tendons, anchorages, wedges, datas and values of elongation and load pressure and witnessing the tensioning works. 開始張拉前，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理需檢查設(shè)備、預(yù)應(yīng)力筋、錨碇、楔子、及延伸率和負(fù)荷壓力數(shù)據(jù)，并現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察整個(gè)拉張作業(yè)。 27Stressing of Gird

28、ers 梁的張力工作This girder ready for tensioning but why the tendon tails are too long and unsafe? 這片梁準(zhǔn)備做張拉，但是為什么鋼筋鍵這么長，而且不安全？28Prestressed Girder Production預(yù)應(yīng)力梁的生產(chǎn)Grouting Works 灌漿工作 :All grouting equipment should be check its workability (mixing and grouting machines). 必須檢查所有灌漿設(shè)備（攪拌機(jī)、灌漿機(jī)）性能； Check the r

29、equired design grout mixture, pumping pressure, flow ability of the mixture and properties of mixture.檢查水泥漿攪拌度、泵壓、流動(dòng)性與設(shè)計(jì)要求是否一致； Prior to start grouting, the end blocks should be tightly sealed off with provided inlet and outlet small tubes. 開始灌漿前，必須在每端都安裝內(nèi)導(dǎo)、外導(dǎo)管，將夾板固定死； 29Clean the holes by means of

30、air pressure of the grouting machines. 用灌漿機(jī)的風(fēng)壓把孔洞清理干凈； During grouting works, pressure load and quantity of the grout mixture should be taken cube samples check and recorded by the supervisor. 灌漿時(shí)，監(jiān)理須對(duì)負(fù)荷壓力及灌漿量進(jìn)行檢查和記錄； The grout should be goes to inlet and out to the outlet tube with the required pre

31、ssure gauge reading and close simultaneously.水泥漿需在限定表壓下從內(nèi)導(dǎo)管灌入，從外導(dǎo)管溢出，然后同時(shí)將兩根導(dǎo)管封閉；30Prestressed Girder Launching works預(yù)制梁吊裝施工 Launching Procedure: 吊裝工序： Prior to start the delivery of the prestressed girder on its assigned piers, preparation of the equipments, access road, lifting accessories, safety

32、 requirement and stability of crane positioning and location should be check, properly arranged and coordinated.在開始把預(yù)置梁吊裝至對(duì)應(yīng)橋墩前，需把設(shè)備、通道、吊裝附件、安全裝備、吊車性能和入場(chǎng)檢查、安排、協(xié)調(diào)到位； 31The required bearing plates should be already set with required elevation and coordinates and alignment by survey team. 測(cè)量隊(duì)伍須對(duì)支承臺(tái)標(biāo)高、放

33、線、坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)量，根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)將支承板安裝到位；During transport and lifting, the prestressed girder should be carefully handed that it will not be occur cracks or damages. Lifting should be coordinately done and safe with sufficient safety personnel to maintain the protection of the crew and the public. 吊運(yùn)預(yù)置梁過程中，要特別注意，避免預(yù)置梁

34、出現(xiàn)裂痕或受損。期間，要做好組織協(xié)調(diào)，安排足夠安全人員維持秩序，保證工人和周邊人員安全； Placement of the girder on its proper location should be carefully done on the bearing plates. 將預(yù)置梁正確吊裝至預(yù)定位置需要在支承臺(tái)上細(xì)致地操作 32 Safety Matters and Precautions安全與注意事項(xiàng) Proper implementation of safety on the site and working areas:現(xiàn)場(chǎng)和施工區(qū)域要認(rèn)真落實(shí)安全規(guī)章制度：All excavated pits/plate heads should be properly provided with safety barricade and signages.所有開挖基坑、承臺(tái)應(yīng)有安全圍欄和標(biāo)志。Handling of excavated mud soil should be disposed regularly by using closed steel container or closed dump trucks.泥漿的處理應(yīng)采用密閉的鋼制容器或密閉的傾倒卡車。In elevated works above 3m in heig