2020-2021年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)經(jīng)典

1、2020-2021年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)經(jīng)典一、初三英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(含答案詳細(xì)解析)1 .閱讀理解Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne(凡爾納)asthe father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer.

2、 At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) and From the Earth to the Moon ( 1865).In the 19th century, many people were int

3、erested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Vernes writing included many predictions (預(yù)言) for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time

4、before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich.Jules Vernes books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. A

5、round the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Vernes books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time!What does the phrase the father of science fiction mean?A. The father who has several children.B. Th

6、e man who loves science and inventions.C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction.D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully.What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories?A. The plays he wrote for the theater.B. The encouragement from his father.C. The success of Fiv

7、e Weeks in a Balloon.D. The scientific subjects in his stories.Why were Jules Vernes books very popular in the 19th century?Because his books made him rich and famous.Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time.Because his books were the subjects for many movies.Because many people were

8、 interested in science and inventions.(4 ) Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg?A. Five Weeks in a Balloon.B. Around the World in Eighty Days.C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth.D. From the Earth to the Moon.(5 ) According to the passage, which of the following is TR

9、UE?The space flight Verne described was different from others.The main characters in Vernes books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century.D. Many of the predictions in Vernes stories came true.【答案】(1) DCDBD【解析】【分析】文章大意：許多人認(rèn)為朱勒凡爾納是科幻小說(shuō)之父，他的父親希望他能成為一名律師，但是當(dāng)他二十歲的時(shí)候，凡爾納決定成為一名作家

10、，他的書(shū)寫(xiě)的非常受歡 迎，朱勒凡爾納的書(shū)已經(jīng)成為許多電影的主題。(1)詞語(yǔ)理解題。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)the father of science fiction科幻小說(shuō)之父?？芍?， Jules Verne被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)的人，故選Do(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語(yǔ)句he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. Thesuccess of this book encouraged him to write more stories 可知故事 Five Weeks in a Balloon 的 成功讓凡爾納更有動(dòng)力寫(xiě)更多的小說(shuō)，故選 Co(3)細(xì)節(jié)理

11、解題。根據(jù)文中的語(yǔ)句由文中In the 19th century, many people were interestedin science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular.可知在19世紀(jì)，許多人對(duì)科學(xué)和發(fā)明感興趣。儒勒 凡爾納在他的 小說(shuō)中寫(xiě)下了科學(xué)主題，因此很受歡迎。故選 Do(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語(yǔ)句Around the World in Eighty Days is another

12、 famous moviebased on one of Vernes books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg.可知 八十天環(huán)游世界是根據(jù)凡爾納的一本書(shū)改編的另一部著名電影。主角是一個(gè)叫斐利亞?？说挠?guó)人。故選 Bo(5)理解判斷題。根據(jù)文中的語(yǔ)句 Vernes writing included many predictions (預(yù)言)for the 20th century and many of them came true.可知凡爾納的作品包括了許多對(duì) 20世紀(jì)的預(yù) 言，其中許多預(yù)言都實(shí)現(xiàn)了，故選 D

13、o【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本題主要考查了細(xì)節(jié)理解題，詞義理解歸納題以及判斷題，做題的時(shí)候，先從題目中找到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，它可以幫助我們很快地定位原文，找到答案。.閱讀理解Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio.The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happen

14、ing in the world.Now the radio is not disappearing. Its still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor (晶體管) radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen

15、 to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people dont have good sight (視力) to watch TV. When people are working , they cant watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. Whats more ， the radio is much cheaper than the TV.After the television was i

16、nvented , people.A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. dont want to use the radio any moreC. are still using the radioD. find the radio is disappearingOne of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that.A. the TV was inventedB. the transistor radio was inventedC. peop

17、le dont like watching TVD. millions of people watch TVlisten to the radio more because their sight isnt good enough.A. ChildrenB. Young peopleC. Old peopleD. AdultsUsually can be used easily while people are moving or working.A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio n

18、or the TV 【答案】(1) C B (3 ) C (4 ) A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文講述收音機(jī)和電視機(jī)在世界上的很受歡迎，電視與收音機(jī)比，電視更有用，然而收音機(jī)由于體積小便宜，便于攜帶，聽(tīng)眾也越來(lái)越多，深受老年人 喜愛(ài)。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) Perhaps more people listen to the radio.可知，電視發(fā)明后，人們依然使 用收音機(jī)，故選a細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) One reason for this is the invention of the transistor (晶體管) radio.可 知，收音機(jī)聽(tīng)眾的數(shù)量更多其中一個(gè)原因是晶體管收音機(jī)被發(fā)明，故選Bo(

19、3)推斷題。根據(jù) Many old people dont have good sight (視力)to watch TV.可知，老年 人由于視力不好聽(tīng)廣播的人更多，故選Co(4)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) When people are working , they cant watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio.可知，通常人們移動(dòng)或者工作時(shí)可以聽(tīng)收音機(jī)，故選 A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題是閱讀理解題中?？碱}型。細(xì)節(jié)題需要從文中尋 找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問(wèn)題?！?/p>

20、Who needs a shopping mall (購(gòu)物中心) if you have Taobao? says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing.Taobao, Chinas largest online shopping site (網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站)，has become an important partof Wang Lins life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users like Wang have found the joys

21、of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young workers. More women shop online than men; Clothing and home-use products are the most popular on line.It was reported that more than 250 billion(十彳乙)yuan was spent on online shopping lastyear, 80% through Taobao.Taobao means looking for

22、treasure in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.You may question the security of online shopping, Wang Lin said, Its very safe and convenient.Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, t

23、he shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.What is Taobao?Who are the most online shoppers?Do more men shop on line than women?What can you do if you want to return the products?(5 ) How much did people spend on line shopping through Tao

24、bao last year?【答案】 (1) Its China largest online shopping site.(2 ) They are students or young workers.(3 ) No, they dont.(4 ) I/We can get my/our money back.(5 ) More than 200 million yuan.【解析】【分析】這篇短文中主要介紹了淘寶網(wǎng)越來(lái)越受人們的歡迎。人們幾乎可以在網(wǎng) 上購(gòu)買到他們所有需要的物品。而且網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物，不滿意可以退貨。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段 Taobao, Chinas largest onlin

25、e shopping site (網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站)， has become an important part of Wang Lins life. 可知答案是：Its China largest online shoppingsite.(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段 Most online shoppers are students or young workers.可知答案 是：They are students or young workers.(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段 More women shop online than men;可知答案是： No, they dont.(4)細(xì)節(jié)理解。

26、根據(jù)最后句 You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.可知答案是：I can get mymoney back.或者 We can get our money back。(5)細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段 It was reported that more than 250 billion(十億)yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao 可知答案是： More than 200 million yuan.【點(diǎn)評(píng)】任務(wù)型閱讀的

27、關(guān)鍵在看懂文章，然后根據(jù)題目要求作答，注意盡量用文章的語(yǔ)言 填寫(xiě)答案。在文章中找不到答案時(shí)，要完全理解句子，根據(jù)同義詞，句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方式找到 可以替換文章中的單詞，短語(yǔ)或者句子的詞。.閱讀理解Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents.However, it is not true.Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If its hard for you to communicate with your

28、parents, dont worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (消除代溝).Dont argue with your parents. Dont get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably wont consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you cant express yourself well if you are angry. Go

29、 to some-place to calm down. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you dont think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.Try to reach a compromise (和解).Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can kee

30、p your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michaels mother didnt agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise

31、 on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about and why. Underst

32、anding your values might help them see your purposes in life.A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. Please have a try!The passage tells us have a communication problem.A. parents and other peopleB. school kids and their parentsC. teachers and their studentsD.

33、 parents and their children of all agesYour parents probably wont consider your ideas if you A. dont often get to themB. write a letter to themC. dont speak to them politelyD. express yourself wellThe underlined phrase calm down in the passage means _二A. make yourself happyB. get yourself quiet and

34、relaxedC. have a good restD. hide yourself quicklyFrom the passage we can learn that.parents and children should not have a generation gapparents should show love and respect to their childrenthere are some good ways to bridge the generation gapthere are so many serious problems in families today【答案

35、】(1) DCBC【解析】【分析】文章大意：有些人認(rèn)為只有學(xué)校的孩子不同意他們的父母。但事實(shí)并非如此。溝通對(duì)所有年齡段的父母和孩子都是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。如果你很難與父母溝通，不要擔(dān) 心。短文為我們提供了一些見(jiàn)建議，告訴我們?nèi)绾螐浐洗?gòu)，同時(shí)告訴我們，只有與父母 和好相處的人才會(huì)更有出息。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages.可知短文談?wù)摰氖呛⒆雍透改杆媾R的最為平常的問(wèn)題，故答案是D。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) Your parents probably wont consider your

36、ideas if you are shouting at them.可知，如果喊叫著跟父母說(shuō)，父母是不會(huì)同意你的想法的，故答案是Co(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) And you cant express yourself well if you are angry. Go to some-place to calm down. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. 可知， calm down 是冷靜， 鎮(zhèn)靜的意思， 故答 案是Bo(4)邏

37、輯推理題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述如何彌補(bǔ)代溝的建議，所以代溝是有好多辦法來(lái)彌補(bǔ)的，故答案是Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和邏輯推理題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題可以直接從文中 尋找答案；邏輯推理題需要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境，有已知內(nèi)容推出未知的可能的事實(shí)。讀理解Great changes have taken place in family life because of science and industry(工業(yè)).In thepast, when most Americans lived on farms, the typical family had many children. In

38、a farm family, parents and their children often lived with grandparents. Usually, uncles and aunts lived nearby.But when industry became more important than agriculture in American life, families became smaller because industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and move ag

39、ain whenever necessary. And large families cannot move from place to place as smaller families. So, at present people tend to have smaller families.In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The t

40、ypical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may take raising children as their chief work. At the same time they may also raise other peoples children, leaving those families free to move from job to job.Which of the following topics is discus

41、sed in the passage?The development of science and industry in America.The influence of science and industry on American families.C. Harmful effect of industrialization.D. Social problems resulting from the highly-developed science and industry in America.What kinds of families are described in the p

42、assage?A. Families of the past and the present.B. Families of the present and the future.C. Families of the past and the future.D. Families of the past, the present and the future.What is one of the reasons that families are getting smaller in America?Children tend to leave their parents and grandpa

43、rents when they grow up.People stop caring for children.The need for workers who are able to move at any time has been increasing.Both old and young people prefer to live by themselves.What can you infer from the passage?Science and industry have caused thousands of families to split (破裂)Children do

44、 not live with their parents or grandparents.Large families can hardly survive in modern society.Americans are very choosy about their jobs.【答案】(1) BD(3 ) C(4 ) C【解析】 【分析】文章大意：由于工業(yè)的發(fā)展，家庭也受到了影響，原來(lái)的家庭孩子多， 而現(xiàn)在的家庭孩子少，由于工業(yè)的發(fā)展家庭會(huì)總是搬動(dòng)，有的家庭只有一個(gè)孩子或者沒(méi)有 孩子。(1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) Great changes have taken place in family l

45、ife because of science and industry(工業(yè)).可知家庭受到了科學(xué)和工業(yè)發(fā)展的影響，故答案是B。(2)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，短文涉及到了過(guò)去的家庭，現(xiàn)在的家庭和將來(lái)的 家庭，故答案是D。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù) In the future, because of industrialization, a typical family will be required to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller.可知對(duì)于工人們能夠隨時(shí)搬動(dòng)的需求，所以家庭變得原來(lái)越小，故

46、答案是Co(4)邏輯推理題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，工人們可能會(huì)隨時(shí)要搬家，大的家庭就沒(méi)有這樣的便捷，所以大家庭就不適于生存在現(xiàn)代的社會(huì)，故答案是Co【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和邏輯推理題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題可以直接從文中 尋找答案；邏輯推理題需要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境，由已知內(nèi)容推出未知的可能的事實(shí)。6.閱讀理解Humans have learnt many things from nature. These things have helped us in our daily life. The latest thing is self-repairing clothing.Scientists h

47、ave developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing. It works with materials such as cotton, linen and wool. The scientists are from the Naval Research Office and Pennsylvania State University in the USA. Scientists Dr Walter Dressick and Dr Melik

48、 Demirel looked at how a squid can cling on to things so well. The research team found a protein in the rings of teeth that cover the suckers on a squid. The protein is similar to the one found in the silk that spiders use to make spider webs. It is very strong and elastic.The new protein has been d

49、eveloped as part of a coating, which is put on clothes. When the coating is dipped in water, the area around the rip or tear joins together in less than a minute. This could help clothes last longer and save money for us. It could also be useful for military and survival clothes. People like soldier

50、s and mountaineers would be safer if they had clothes that could be repaired quickly and easily. Professor Demirel spoke about the invention. He said, The coatings are thin, less than a micron, so they wouldnt be noticed in everyday wear. Then he added, Even thin, they increase the overall strength

51、of the material. For the first time, we are making self-healing textiles.From what have humans learnt a lot ?A. Books.B. Nature.C. Scientists.D. Clothing.What is NOT needed for the self-repairing clothes to fix themselves ?A. Tears.B. Cotton.C. Sewing.D. Glue.Whats the Chinese meaning of the underli

52、ned words is similar to ?A.與 相同B與 不同Cj相似D與一樣The passage is about.A. the new proteinB. the coatingC. humansD. the spider【答案】(1) BCCA【解析】【分析】主要講了最新的發(fā)明 一一自我修復(fù)衣服。(1)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) Humans have learnt many things from nature.人類已經(jīng)從大自然里學(xué)了 許多東西，故選B。(2) 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to r

53、epair rips and tears by itself, without the need for sewing.可知是不需要縫，故選 C(3)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)句子可知這種蛋白質(zhì)與蜘蛛用來(lái)制作蜘蛛網(wǎng)的絲中的蛋白質(zhì)相似。besimilar to ,和相似，故選 C。(4) 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) The new protein has been developed as part of a coating , 可知主要講了 新型蛋白質(zhì)，故選 Ao【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，主要考查細(xì)節(jié)題，注意從文中仔細(xì)尋找答案。7 .閱讀理解Cross- country skier Man Dandan won the wo

54、mens 1.4 km individual sprint here on Monday, earning Chinas first gold at the eighth Asian Winter Games in 2017.I was in good form today, said the 28 year-old girl after winning the title in the final round with 3 minutes and 48. 29 seconds. I didnt think much, but just focused on the games. As an

55、old member, I want to set a good example to my younger teammates by doing my best no matter what the result is.Mikko Olavi Virtanen, the head coach of the Chinese cross-country skiing team, said after the game he was satisfied with Man Dandans performance. She is a super talented sprint skier. Her b

56、iggest problem before was to maintain the speed for four rounds of the competition. We have been working on that for the past seven months. I have been giving her advice, such as how to save the energy till the final round, he said, adding that Man is a good learner.He also said that the Chinese cro

57、ss-country skiing team had a huge potential. We have quite a young team. We still have five more years to Beijing Winter Olympics. I hope we can continue this good work for a long term, he said.Yelena Kolomina from Kazakhstan took the sliver and Ju Hyeri from South Korea got the bronze. Australias C

58、asey Wright finished the third in the final round but did not get a medal as a guest athlete.How long did it take Man Dandan to finish the sking?A. 2 minutes and 11.31 seconds.B. 3 minutes and 48. 29 seconds.C. 8 minutes and 29 seconds.D. 48 minutes and 29 seconds.What did the coach think of Mans pe

59、rformance?A. Exciting.B. Terrible.C. Satisfying.D. Bad.What was Man Dandans biggest problem?A. Maintaining the speed.B. Saving enough energy.C. Keeping a good form.D. Going to the final round.(4 ) When will the Beiing Winter Olympics be held?A. In 2018.B. In 2019.C. In 2020.D. In 2022.(5 ) What was

60、Ju Hyeris rank in the competition?A. First.B. Second.C. Third.D. Fourth.【答案】(1) B (2 ) C (3 ) A (4 ) D (5 ) C【解析】【分析】主要講了星期一，越野滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員滿丹丹贏得了女子1.4公里個(gè)人短跑冠軍，在2017的第八屆亞洲冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上贏得了中國(guó)的第一枚金牌。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù) I was in good form today, said the 28 year-old girl after winning the title in the final round with 3 minutes an