定語(yǔ)從句課件_絕對(duì)經(jīng)典系列-(1)

1、The Attributive Clause 定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備什么是定語(yǔ)： 用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)、從句。.4.定語(yǔ) 修飾和限定名詞和代詞的詞。通常由形容詞，代詞(多為形容詞性物主代詞），數(shù)詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式，分詞和從句（定語(yǔ)從句）來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。 a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart基本結(jié)構(gòu)He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall. 主句: He was h

2、olding onto a tree.從句：A tree grew against the wall. 還原定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，跟在名詞或代詞后修飾該名詞或代詞。1. 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系代詞：who, whom(作賓語(yǔ)成分）, whose, that, which 關(guān)系副詞：when（時(shí)間）, where（地點(diǎn)）,why（原因）名詞/代詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞 起連詞作用，本身又作從句中的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ) 即起連接作用，本身又在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)who,whom(的人）whose(某人的）which(東西，指

3、物)that(的人或物，指物或人）as(象那樣的，和相同，正如)when(的時(shí)候，修飾的時(shí)間名詞)where(的地方修飾場(chǎng)所、方位等名詞)why(原因；理由)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用：1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be ready.2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions. 關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)指代先行詞在 定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?所以先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不再出現(xiàn),也不用其他詞代替Bill is a boy who I teac

4、h him.引導(dǎo)詞先行詞成分關(guān)系代詞who人主，賓whom人賓(可省)which物主，賓(可省)that人或物主，賓可省whose(=of whom/which)人或物定關(guān)系副詞where (=介詞+which)地點(diǎn)詞狀when(=介詞+ which)時(shí)間詞狀why (= for which)reason狀關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。不能省略.關(guān)系副詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)。1、When指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party.2、Where指地點(diǎn)，在

5、定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago.3、Why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry. 1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party.2.She wont forget the days (that )she spent on the island. S

6、he wont forget the days when they stayed together.關(guān)系副詞when, where和關(guān)系代詞that, which的區(qū)分。同樣是修飾一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，有時(shí)使用where，有時(shí)使用that/which；同樣是修飾一個(gè)時(shí)間，有時(shí)使用when， 有時(shí)使用that/which。這主要看兩點(diǎn)：一：先行詞在從句中所作成分；二：是定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。（1）This is the factory _ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _ I worked last year. （3）This is

7、 the factory _ produces all kinds of TV sets. 用關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞where B. which C. whom D. whose以上三個(gè)句子只有細(xì)微的差別，但答案卻不同：做這種題時(shí)，要通過(guò)還原先行詞,看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?）中是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即I visited the factory.因此選which2）中factory應(yīng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，即：I worked in the factory，因此選where。3）中是作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，即: the factory produces all kinds 不作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此選whic

8、hABB(1)Hangzhou is the place _ I went last summer.2) He read the book _ his sister had told him about.3) The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.4) I remember the day _ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.5) Please give me the reason _ you were late this time.6) I

9、 will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.Why/ for whichwherewhich/that/ xWhen/on whichwhyWhere/in which二.關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：This is the car _which I bought last year. This is the car _which I paid 100$.This is the car _which I spent 100$.This is the car _which I go

10、 to work every day.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.This is the car _which the old man was knocked downThis is the car _which a boy threw a stone.This is the car _which we talked .This is the car _which the window was broken /foroninwithoutbyataboutof 2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you expl

11、ain to me how to use these idioms with which Im not familiar.3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.The book _ I heard was written 20 years ago.The people _ the man spoke werent listening.The film _ I fell asleep was very boring.The pen _ she wrote that book can

12、now be seen in a museum.The little creature _ scientists are interested is known as ET.The gun _ he was shot was never found.of whichto whomin whichwith whichin whichby which三.Whose引起從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如：e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in

13、 a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.四.限制和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:restrictive attributive clause(無(wú)逗號(hào))non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗號(hào)).Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad. Xi hua ,who I met across in the s

14、treet a few days ago has gone abroad.五.一般說(shuō)來(lái),定語(yǔ)從句總是緊跟在先行詞的后面,但有時(shí)候定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間被其他成分分隔開(kāi)來(lái),這樣的句子叫分隔定語(yǔ)從句.There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun.The days are gone when we suffered so much.Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the c

15、hemistry lab.六、由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 as可作為關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。such as“像一樣的”，“像之類(lèi)” the sameas“和同樣的 在這兩個(gè)句型中，as是關(guān)系代詞，其中such&same做定語(yǔ)，修飾主句的名詞、代詞，這個(gè)名詞是這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，as在從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表。例如：This is the same thing as we are in need of. Such people as you say are short now.2. such as such為代詞，意思為”這樣的人/物“，as修飾先行詞such。 例如：This book is not

16、such as I hope.3. the sameas “和同樣的 “ the same that “同一個(gè)” 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。意思幾乎相同。但從句中省去謂語(yǔ)時(shí)必須用as. 例如:She is the same age as you (that you are.) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.4. ,as “這些”，“正如” as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)可互換。例如：He is from Beijing, as/which they know from the way he speaks.一.

17、that和which以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which1. 先行詞為不定代詞或被不定代詞所修飾everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing,etc.e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.2. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that。e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.3. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，用that。e.g.He is the only p

18、erson that I want to see now.4. 先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，用that。e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.5. 在who, which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中, 定語(yǔ)從句中避免重復(fù),一般也只用that; e.g. Who is the man that is crying?6.關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語(yǔ)，用 that.He doesn seem to the man (that)he was.7.在 there be結(jié)構(gòu)中用 thatThere is a new type of shoes

19、 that youmight be fond ofThis is the house in which Luxun once lived. in thatThe Changjiang River, which is the longest river in China, runs from west to east into the sea. (that)* 介詞后面和逗號(hào)后面不用that二.以下情況常用which而不用that(3）先行詞是指物的that,those She found that which he looked for. (2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) (1)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)

20、時(shí) 1.Anyone who breaks the law is punished.2.Those who break the law are punished.3.He who breaks the law is punished.4.He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.三 在, anyone, those, he,that,you,they 作先行詞時(shí)(指人）, 用”who” 不用 “that”.1. Which.as引導(dǎo)非限定語(yǔ)從句的不同：as引導(dǎo)非限定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首，句中，或主句后面； which引導(dǎo)非限定

21、語(yǔ)從句放在主句后面 Eg:As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China. Mary was late again ,which made the teacher angry.2. as引導(dǎo)非限定語(yǔ)從句有“正如”“ 正象”之義，而 which 沒(méi)有,常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：As we all know,as everybody can see, as is known to all, as is said above Paper, as we all know,was first made in China.五、注意事項(xiàng)1. what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.what=all

22、 that I want to give you what I have.(賓語(yǔ)從句）2. 先行詞被the same 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞既可用that, 也可用as.但意義不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同樣的”。3. 關(guān)系副詞when/where/why其含義相當(dāng)于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.4.當(dāng)先行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞或整個(gè)句子是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的名詞時(shí)，一般用非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾。 例如：The sun, which gives us light, is very big. 5. way 后面定語(yǔ)從句： Pl