專題24人與社會(huì)之對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物-22年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)(新教材新高考)(練)教師版

1、人與社會(huì)之對(duì)社會(huì)有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物(練)時(shí)間：50滿分：50分鐘得分I.單句語(yǔ)法填空(每小題1分，共10分)CouldyoutellmewhatIhavetodo(obtain)astudentvisaandhowlongtheprocesswilltake?2.Itisatruthfinallyanduniversally(acknowledge)thatasinglewomanwithbrainsdeservestohaveequalopportunitiestomen.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperieneedstaff(com

2、mit)togivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonable(evaluate).Damagedbutnot(defeat),hewasstillaheadofme.Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsis(analyse)yourshortandlongterm_(objective),(keep)inmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.(found)inMos

3、cowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Theyarenotallowedtouseadictionary,andmuchofthemeaningmust(infer)fromthecontext.9.Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”experieneethatsummer,butshesawaslowbut(remark)improvementinmyclassroomperformaneeduringthenextyear.10.Bei

4、ngabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtoafalse_(conclude).【答案】1.mitted4.evaluation5.defeated6.toanalyse;objectives;keeping7.Founded8.beinferred9.remarkable10.conclusionn.閱讀填空(每小題2分，共10分)(2021湖南師大附中二模)AlfredNobelRestsinPeacePeoplelikeMartinLutherKingJr.,NelsonMandela,andMotherT

5、eresahavebecomefamousallaroundtheworld.1_TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.ButnoneofthemwouldhavereceivedtherecognitionitbringshaditnotbeenforoneSwedishman,AlfredNobel.WhenAlfredjoinedtheNobelfamilycompany,ithadbeendevelopingexplosivesformanyyears.Hisfatherhadstartedthefamilyfortunebyworkingfort

6、heRussianarmytoproducelandminesandseamines.Butthefamilymadeevenmoremoneybymanufacturingnitroglycerine,whichwasaverydangerousexplosive.OnedayAlfredarrivedhometofindhis20-year-oldbrotherEmilhadbeenkilledinanitroglycerineexplosion.2Theresultwasdynamite(甘油炸藥)，whichbecameanimmediatesuccessallovertheworld

7、.AlfredNobelalwayswanteddynamitetobeusedforpeacefulmeans.Unfortunately.whentheFirstWorldWarended.dynamitehadbeenusedtotakeawaythelivesofthousandsofyoungmen.3.Toseehisinventionbeingusedinthiswaymadehimverysad.SometimelaterAlfredsolderbrotherLudwigdied.OnenewspaperaccidentallyprintedAlfredsobituaryins

8、teadofhisbrothers.ItdescribedAlfredasamanwhohadbecomerichbyinventingaweaponofmassdestruction.Afterreadingthereviewofhislife.Alfredwashorrifiedanddecidedtousethegreatfortunehehadmadetorewardpeoplewhohadbeenworkingtopromotegoodinsociety.4.TheNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtothepersonwhohaddonethemost,ortheb

9、est,worktopromotefriendshipbetweencountries,toabolisharmiesortoholdandpromotepeaceconferences.In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned.5.Perhapsnow,AlfredNobelwillrestmoreeasilyinhisgrave.A.Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?Hence,itwasalargeamountofmoney.Al

10、fredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.Hewassogrievedbytheaccidentthatheevendesiredtogiveuphisjob.Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.AlfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobethehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimesThefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medici

11、ne,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.【答案】1.A2.C3.F4.G5.E【解析】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的創(chuàng)始人AlfredNobel的一生經(jīng)歷。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)授予了應(yīng)得之人，AlfredNobel在他的墳?zāi)估飼?huì)安息得更安穩(wěn)。1.根據(jù)下文提示“TheyareallwinnersoftheNobelPeacePrize.（他們都是諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)的獲得者）可知，此處應(yīng)該是詢問(wèn)其共同點(diǎn)是什么。所以A項(xiàng)Andwhatdotheyhaveincommon?（它們有什么共同點(diǎn)呢？）切題。故選A。該選項(xiàng)可銜接前文Alfred的哥哥被意外炸死，且根據(jù)后文“T

12、heresultwasdynamit（結(jié)果是爆炸性的）”可知，此處表述Alfred決心發(fā)明一種更安全的爆炸物。所以C項(xiàng)Alfredwasdeterminedtoinventasaferexplosive.（Alfred決定發(fā)明一種更安全的炸藥）切題。故選C。前文寫到一戰(zhàn)結(jié)束的時(shí)候他的發(fā)明被用在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Alfredhadalwayshatedwarandconsideredittobethehorrorofhorrorsandthegreatestofallcrimes（他一直痛恨戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，認(rèn)為“it是令人厭惡的事情中最讓人厭惡的事情，是最嚴(yán)重的犯罪）切題。該選項(xiàng)承接一戰(zhàn)的內(nèi)容。故選F。前文中

13、提到Alfred決定用他賺取的財(cái)富去獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)造福社會(huì)的人，G選項(xiàng)Thefiveawardshecreatedwereforphysics.chemistry,medicine,literatureand,mostsignificantly,peace.（他設(shè)立的五個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是物理學(xué)，化學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，還有最重要的，和平獎(jiǎng)）切題。該項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明他設(shè)計(jì)了什么獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，并在后文接著寫諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給什么樣的人。故選G。根據(jù)上文提示In1997theNobelPeacePrizewenttoanAmericancalledJodyWilliamsforhereffortstogetlandminesbanned

14、.(1997年，諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)授予了美國(guó)人喬迪威廉姆斯(JodyWilliams)，因?yàn)樗秊榻沟乩姿龅呐?”可知，1997年的諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給了一個(gè)號(hào)召禁用地雷的人，承接上文，E選項(xiàng)Ironically,ofcourse,theNobelfamilyfortuneshadbeenbuiltonmines.(當(dāng)然，具有諷刺意味的是，諾貝爾家族的財(cái)富是建立在礦山上的。)切題。令人覺(jué)得諷刺的是，諾貝爾家族的財(cái)富都是基于地雷。故選E。III.語(yǔ)法填空(每小題1.5分，共15分)(2021廣東陸河縣陸河中學(xué)高三月考)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chines

15、eteenagerQuanHongchanwonthegoldmedalforthewomens10-meterplatformdivingattheTokyoOlympicGamesonThursday.NotonlyisQuantheyoungest1.(compete)inthewomensdivingfield,butalsoshestheyoungestof431athletes2.ChinasenttoTokyofortheOlympics.HadtheGamesgoneonasscheduledlastsummer,shewouldhavebeentooyoung3.(meet)

16、theminimumage(14)tocompeteinthedivingcompetition.Now,shesmadeOlympichistory.EachofQuansdiveswasthehighestofthefiveroundsofcompetitionatthe10-meterplatform.Twoscoredperfect10sfromallseven4(judge).Onlyonejudgefoundaflaw(瑕疵)withherfinaldive,5(award)hera9.5nexttosix10s.6.itdidntcount,thankstodivingsscor

17、ingsystem.Thetwohighestandtwo7.(low)scoresarethrownoutandmultipliedbythedivesdegreeofdifficulty.8.(eventual),onlythethreemiddle10scountedonherfinaldiveandaddedup96whenmultipliedbythe3.2degreeofdifficulty.Atsuch9.youngage,Quanwasarelativeunknownuntilwinningthe2020Chinesenationalchampionshipat13yearso

18、ld.She10.(be)a17-year-oldveteran(老手)whentheParisOlympicsstartin2024.【答案】1.Competitor2.that/who/whom3.tomeet4.judges5.awarding6.But7.lowest8.Eventually9.a10.willbe【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了14歲的跳水冠軍全紅霞?？疾槊~。句意：她不僅是女子跳水領(lǐng)域最年輕的選手，也是中國(guó)派往東京參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的431名運(yùn)動(dòng)員中最年輕的。根據(jù)theyoungest可知此處要用名詞，作is的表語(yǔ)。故填competitor?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：

19、她不僅是女子跳水領(lǐng)域最年輕的選手，也是中國(guó)派往東京參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)的431名運(yùn)動(dòng)員中最年輕的。分析句子可知，2ChinasenttoTokyofortheOlympics是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，sent后需接賓語(yǔ)，因此要用that/who/whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞athletes，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。故填that/who/whom。3考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果奧運(yùn)會(huì)如期在去年夏天舉行，她可能還太小，達(dá)不到參加跳水比賽的最低年齡（14歲）。短語(yǔ)too.to.太而不能”可知此處要用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填tomeet?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：七名評(píng)委中有兩名給出滿分。根據(jù)allseven可知此處要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形

20、式。故填judges?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：只有一名評(píng)委在她的最后一跳中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)漏洞，給了她9.5分，緊接著是6個(gè)10分。分析句子可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found，且空前無(wú)連接詞，根據(jù)award動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)onejudge主動(dòng)執(zhí)行的，因此要用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表主動(dòng)。故填awarding。考查連詞。句意：但由于跳水的記分系統(tǒng)，這并不算進(jìn)去。根據(jù)下文thankstodivingsscoringsystem可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but。故填But。考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。句意：去掉兩個(gè)最高分和兩個(gè)最低分，并乘以潛水的難度。根據(jù)Thetwohighestand可知此處也要用形容詞的最高級(jí)。故填

21、lowest?？疾楦痹~。句意：最后，在她最后一次跳水時(shí)，只有中間的3個(gè)10分，再乘以3.2度的難度，加起來(lái)是96。此處位于句首，要用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾后面整個(gè)句子。故填Eventually?？疾楣谠~。句意：在這么小的年齡，全紅霞是一個(gè)相對(duì)不為人知的人，直到在2020年13歲的時(shí)候贏得了中國(guó)全國(guó)冠軍。根據(jù)youngage可知此處要用不定冠詞a。atsuchayoungage在這么小的年齡”故填a?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意：2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕時(shí)，她將是一名17歲的老將。根據(jù)in2024可知時(shí)間是2024年，要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故填willbe。IV.應(yīng)用文寫作（15分）（2021河北保定一模）假定你是李華

22、，收到美國(guó)筆友Mark的一封電子郵件，他知道孔子學(xué)院（ConfuciusInstitute）是根據(jù)孔子命名的，很想對(duì)孔子有進(jìn)一步的了解。請(qǐng)你寫一封郵件回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：孔子的主要思想；對(duì)中國(guó)文化的影響。寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearMark,Yours,LiHua答案】DearMark,Ihopeyouaredoingwell.HereissomethingaboutConfucius,thephilosopherafterwhomtheConfuciusInstitutesarenamed.Borninawar-tornperiod,Confuciusdevotedhimselftofindingaccesstoaharmonioussociety.Hestressedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,justice,kindness,andsincerity.ConfuciusisalsocreditedwithhavingeditedmanyChineseclassicworks.Hisideasaboutstrongfamilyloyalty,ancestorworship,andrespectofeldersbytheirchildrenhavealwaysbeenthecoreofChine