高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提升課堂：把握主謂一致“三原則”提升解題的效率

1、高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)提升課堂：把握主謂一致三原那么，提升解題的效率主謂一致，顧名思義，就是句子主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面保持一 致。它是不少同學(xué)的知識(shí)薄弱點(diǎn)之一。事實(shí)上，要想學(xué)好主謂一致，必須 把握好如下“三原那么”。原那么之一：語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致，是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與句子主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。即： 假設(shè)句子主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，假設(shè)句子主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，那么 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。具體表達(dá)在：(1 )當(dāng)each, every, no, many a修飾and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主 語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Every teacher and every student is

2、invited to the ceremony to be held tomorrow.每一位老師和每一位學(xué)生 都被邀請(qǐng)參加明天舉行的典禮。(2)當(dāng) “a number of/a group of/a variety of+ 可 數(shù)名 詞復(fù)數(shù)”用 作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)the number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：A large number of children survived the earthquake ,不少孩子從地震中幸存了下來(lái)。The number of people who fail each year is in single

3、figures.每年考試不及格的學(xué)生缺乏十人。(3) 假設(shè)主語(yǔ) 后面有 togetherwith, long with, as well as, rather than 等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)決定。如：Look, Jack as well as his brothers is playing basketball over there.看，杰克和 他的兄弟們正在那邊打籃球。原那么之二：意義一致意義一致，是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。(1 )當(dāng)moths, physics, news, politics等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管形式 是復(fù)數(shù)，但意義那么是單

4、數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was like a thunder bolt out of clear sky.這消息猶如晴天霹靂。(2)當(dāng) class, group, family, team, movement, public, audience 等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，假設(shè)指整體，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；假設(shè)指集體成員， 那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)。如： Her audience consists mainly of young people o 她的聽(tīng)眾主要是年輕人。The audience were deeply impressed by the actors1 wonderfu

5、l performance.觀眾對(duì)演員們的精彩表演印象深刻。(3)表示重量、距離、時(shí)間、錢(qián)數(shù)等復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常視為 一個(gè)整體，所以后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：Three months is short in ones life, but it is important to me.三個(gè)月的時(shí)間在人生中是很短暫的， 但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)卻非常重要。(1)Several million dollars has been spent on the project.這項(xiàng)工程已耗資數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元。原那么之三：就近一致就近一致原那么，是指當(dāng)句子含有兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與它最臨近

6、的主語(yǔ)保持一致。具體表達(dá)在：(1 )在there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由離它最近的主 語(yǔ)決定。如： There is a pen and some paper on the desk.桌子上有一 支鋼筆和一些紙。There are two apples and a bottle of milk in the bag. 袋子里有兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果和一瓶牛奶；Here are some books and a pencil-box for you.給我一些書(shū)和一個(gè)鉛筆盒。(2) 當(dāng) either or. neithernor.notonly.but also.等連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

7、的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決靠近它 的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)。如：Either you or I am right .不是你對(duì)，就是我對(duì)。(2) Neither his parents nor he is at home today.他父母和他今天都不在 家. Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.不僅你而且她 都得參加這次會(huì)議?！揪氁痪殹?It is said that a number of peoplejoined the club and the number of membersstill increasing.A. has; is B. ha

8、s; are C. have; is D. have; areThe football coach, as well as his team,interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A. are B. is C. were D. wasd) Either you or one of your studentsasked to take part in the first experiment tomorrow.A. is B. are C. were D. have been Politics by no means the only subject in which he is interested.A. are B. i