英語(yǔ)譯林牛津選修9課件m9u3grammar and usage

1、Unit 3Grammar and usageObjectives To review adverbial clauses that express time, place, reason, condition, purpose, result, manner, concession or contrast To learn which conjunctions can be used to introduce each clause語(yǔ)法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和語(yǔ)法規(guī)律。Can you

2、 tell what the following sentences express?Before the Revolution, there had been great unrest in France because people had no freedom and were suffering from hunger.Blue stands for liberty and justice, while white represents peace and honesty.When the Americans objected to this, the British would no

3、t compromise.expressing reasonexpressing contrastexpressing timeIn a salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to use the same colours in their flags as the French did.Even though they lived in colonies, the Americans had been used to autonomous rule and low taxes.The mos

4、t common one is that red stands for blood, or things that are physical, while white represents the spiritual.expressing concessionexpressing concessionexpressing contrast狀語(yǔ)從句 （Adverbial Clause） 狀語(yǔ)從句指句子用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語(yǔ)從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以

5、由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。狀語(yǔ)從句概述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of time)Adverbial clauses of time can be introduced by when, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, etc：When we lived in town we often went to the theatre.After she got married, she changed completely.We must strik

6、e while the iron is hot.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.As the sun rose the fog dispersed.I havent heard from him since he left.Whenever she had a cold, she ate only fruit.Once you have learned Spanish, you will find Italian easy.Sometimes, adverbial clauses of time can be introduced

7、by a noun or noun phrase.Every time/Each time I listen to music Ill think of it.I came immediately you called.The moment I heard the news, I hurried to the spot.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of place)An adverbial clause of place is usually introduced by where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere：The church w

8、as built where there had once been a Roman temple.You can camp wherever you like these days.Ill take you anywhere you like.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.原因狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of reason)An adverbial clause of reason can be introduced by because, as, since, now (that) or in that:He was an

9、gry because we were late.As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards.Since you are going, I will go.He was fortunate in that he did not get injured in the car accident.條件狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of condition)An adverbial clause of condition can be introduced by if, unless, so long as, as l

10、ong as or in case.If you do that I shall be very pleased.Nobody will get anything unless they ask for it.You will make it as long as you put your heart into it.He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hot.目的狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of purpose)We use so (that), in order that, lest, for fear tha

11、t to introduce an adverbial clause of purpose.I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.He didnt dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.We often use modal verbs like may, might, can or cou

12、ld in them.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of result)An adverbial clause of result can be introduced by so that, sothat, suchthat.We arrived early, so (that) we got good seats.It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companies.There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldnt go out.So bright was

13、the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. (倒裝)方式狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of manner)An adverbial clause of manner is usually introduced by as, as if/though, like.I am as you can imagine short of money.She cant cook like her mother does.I remember the whole thing as if/though it happened yesterd

14、ay.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of concession)We often use although, though, even though/if, whetheror, no matter who/what/ where, to introduce adverbial clauses of concession.Though he does it slowly, he does it very well.Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed.I will find her wherever she may be

15、.Whatever you may think, Im going ahead with my plans.Sometimes we use as in the inverted sentence order to express concession.Much as l like Venice, I couldnt live there.比較狀語(yǔ)從句 (adverbial clauses of contrast)An adverbial clause of contrast is usually introduced by than or as：You sing better than I

16、do.It is easier than I thought.You know as much about that as I do.在很多情況下，從句中有些詞可省略：He has more time than me (I have).He doesnt work as hard as her (she does).She was as interested in music as ever.課本練習(xí) Fill in the blanks with the words below.when, as though, no matter what as, since, unless, ifEric

17、: When I was in kindergarten, my teacher told us that we could e anything _ we got older.Jo: My teacher said that, too, and we believed we could e whatever we wanted to be.when/asEric: You know I really wanted to e a fish, _ fish were so beautiful and so free in the water.Jo: Ha! Ha! Thats funny. Wh

18、en I was about five years old, I thought I could hatch an egg _ I kept it warm, and I slept with some eggs in my bed, and guess what?Eric: You broke the eggs?Jo: Yes, all of them. I felt _ I had killed my little chickens and I cried.sinceifas though Angry _ my mother was, she didnt scold me. Instead

19、, she explained how a hen hatched eggs and asked me not to do that again.Eric: Did you do whatever your mother told you?Jo: Yes, I always listened to her, _ _ she said. She used to be my hero.Eric: My mother used to tell me that _ I ever swallowed a seed, a plant would grow inside me, so I never ate

20、 watermelons _ they were seedless.asno matterwhatifunless課本練習(xí) Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.With the development of transport, travelling has e easier and more comfortable.People travel for various reasons and purposes. Some go travelling _ they are interested in natural scenery and

21、wildlife. Others travel _ they can see famous places Travelling and travellersbecause/assinceso that/in order thatand monuments they heard about even _ they were young. There are also people who travel _ they may learn about the customs of different places._ you are travelling, you should show respe

22、ct for the people you meet and places you visit. _ you are an acute observer, you will find beauty and thrills no matter _ you are.whenin order that/so thatWhile/WhenIf where_ travelling is popular and beneficial, it can also be very tiring, and sometimes even a bit disappointing. _ you expect diffe

23、rent places to have the same food as you are accustomed to at home, then you are bound to be disappointed. So, good travellers always make good preparations _ they travel.Although/While/ThoughIf beforeTime for reflection How many types of adverbial clauses did we learn today?2. Which conjunctions ca

24、n be used to introduce each kind of clause?Quiz I: 單項(xiàng)選擇 Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if2. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but _ they have eggs or young chicks, they dont use a nest. A. why B. how C.

25、 unless D. where3. Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. A. asB. that C. whichD. where4. Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case5. He was about halfway through his meal _ a famil

26、iar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while6. Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where7. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. SinceB. Unless C. AsD. Alth

27、ough8. In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. A. whoever B. however C. whatever D. wherever9. _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When10. There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even asQuiz II 翻譯句子。 等他到了，他會(huì)給我們講講那場(chǎng)比賽。 _ _ 2. 當(dāng)我走在街道上，有個(gè)美國(guó)人問(wèn)我往最 近的車站怎么走。 _ _ _ 3. 我準(zhǔn)備晚餐的時(shí)候，他在洗澡。 _ _When he arrives, hell tell us all about the match.As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for dir