英語語法填空知識點

1、英語語法填空知識點考綱解讀一篇200字左右的短文能力考查： 理解語篇、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、 運用語法、單詞短語(1)純空格題(2)用括號中所給詞填空共10空How to fill in the blanks?一讀 二填 三檢查 快速瀏覽全文，理解大意分析并判斷具體形式語法是否正確，邏輯是否合理純空格題解題技巧若空格后是名詞，且它沒有限定詞（冠詞/形容詞性物主代詞/不定代詞）修飾，很可能填_冠詞Skill 1:可數(shù)名詞是禁止裸奔的。所謂不能裸奔就是不能既沒有冠詞，也不能沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞才有資格裸奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可數(shù)名詞，那么通常是填冠詞的。I met him in _ shop wh

2、ich sells fruit.Water is changed into steam by heat and into ice by cold.a另外，裸奔的可數(shù)名詞如果在上文出現(xiàn)過，這時候填定冠詞the（再次提到，表示特指）。I met a boy on the street. _ boy is waiting for a taxi. The談話雙方都知道的人或事物、世上獨一無二的東西、序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級以及形容詞only, very, same前用定冠詞theJanuary is the first month of the year.The red sun lights up the

3、 sky and the earth.【小結(jié)】：冠詞的語法填空歸根結(jié)底就是要看出裸奔的名詞到底是特指(填the)還是泛指(填a)?！炯磿r練習(xí)】1. My friend Vernon Davies kept birdsHe asked me to feed _ birds for him.2. He quickly picked up _ telephone on his desk.3. People keep dogs to protect themselves For a child, _ dog is his best friend.4. When there is car acciden

4、t, police officers will find out if any of the drivers is using a cellphone.5. Tom, 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop and sat at a tablethetheaana句子不缺主語、表語，動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，通常填_介詞介詞的考查：多數(shù)情況下出現(xiàn)在固定搭配中1. I think its a good idea _ you to come back to China.2. Though she is a girl , she is i

5、nterested _ football.forinIt be adj./n for sb to do sthbe interested inSkill 2:但：1. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 2. July 1, 1997 saw the return of Hong Kong to China. The day our Chinese people had looked forward to _ (come)

6、 at last. 所以有時要謹(jǐn)防陷阱！after / fromcame兩個或幾個并列結(jié)構(gòu)的單詞/短語之間沒有連詞，考慮填_并列連詞Skill 3:I am very excited _ inspired by the good news that you have been admitted into Harvard University.and 若兩個句子（一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)算一個句子）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，填_或_1. He worked hard, _ he succeeded finally.2. The building _ stands near the river is o

7、ur school. 并列連詞從屬連詞that / which（連接主句和定語從句/名詞性從句/狀語從句）and / soSkill 4:Skill 5:由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞1. 由強調(diào)句型(It is / was + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 句子的其他部分)，判斷填it還是that。_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強調(diào)句，應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t。2. 由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, no

8、r, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。_with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由can you expect to可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應(yīng)填副詞only，因為“only +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。3. so /suchthat句型。如：This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against (謀劃對付) the donkey. 解析：由

9、句式結(jié)構(gòu)知這是sothat句型，應(yīng)填that4. morethan 與其說不如說; 比更Lilys story shows that people remember more how much a manager cares _ how much he pays. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是morethan句型，故填than。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。有提示詞解題技巧一、提供動詞若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致。1. Mr. Smith _ (give) hi

10、s wife twenty pounds for her birthday.2. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ (buy) some bananas and visited her cousin.解析：and是并列連詞。此處went, bought 和visited為并列謂語，時態(tài)也一致。Skill 1:首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。gavebought若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。 doing done to do Skill 2:表主動/正在進(jìn)行/持續(xù)表被動/完

11、成表將來或目的 具體的方法主要有：作主語或賓語，通常用-ing形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。 1. It is not enough only _ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填to memorize。2. _ (speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有謂語wont make，所以speak應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；謂語前面應(yīng)為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動名詞短語

12、，故填Speaking。作目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。 1. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；因“(為了)按計劃完成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式，故填To complete。2. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed,

13、 are very likely _ (succeed). 解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動詞不定式，故填to succeed。另，be likely to do sth為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。1. He saw the stone, _ (say) to himself, “The night will be very dark.”解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)是非謂語動詞；又因He與say是主動關(guān)系，故填saying作伴隨狀語。2. The headmaster went into

14、 the lab, _ (follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系，故用followed作伴隨狀語。 特別提醒：有時給出的動詞可能既不是謂語動詞也不是非謂語動詞，而是要求詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析：所給詞choose雖然是動詞，但在從句中作主語，且在形容詞性物主代詞后，應(yīng)當(dāng)

15、填choose的名詞形式choice?？疾橹^語動詞與非謂語動詞1. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful.2. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front.3. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear) sun glasses.4. I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmate

16、s that she loved hot food.sayingsittingwearing【練一練】was told5. The sun was setting when my car _ (break) down near a remote and poor village.6. The proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.7. He walked in as if he _ (buy) the school.8. Suddenly, he _ (find) that

17、 he had run out of salt.broketo helphad boughtfound9. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or _ (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.10. The situation was so severe that there was no time _ (debate) who

18、 is to blame.11. With the problem _ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.12. With a lot of homework _ (do), I cant go shopping with my friends.solvedpushedto debateto do二、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥泶_定用哪種形式，具體技巧如下：形容詞性物主代詞之后；冠詞之后，介詞之前；充當(dāng)句子的主語、賓語 、表語、定語、補語等；通常填_名詞1. With the _ (arrive) o

19、f spring, the Dorritys took the children for an outing. arrival2. I find that _ (creative) can act as a way to increase _ (participate) and improve _ (fluent). creativityparticipationfluencySkill 1:易錯的動詞變名詞的不規(guī)則變形另外，應(yīng)對名詞考查時，還要注意可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化explanation description pronunciation assumption complaint作表語（在

20、系動詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞）或賓補（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用_。Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject.形容詞interested賓補Skill 2:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，作狀語，用_。_ (fortune), the guest escaped unharmed.副詞FortunatelySkill 3:有的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞性不一定要變，主要是考查與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un- / im- / in- / mis

21、-等，在詞根后加-less等。1. Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office.unnecessary2. I must know how to care for others and try not to _ (understand) them. misunderstandSkill 4:括號中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其_。The _ (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.比較級或最高級harderSkill 5:1.

22、He must be _(mental) disabled.2. One Sunday morning in August I went to a local musical festival. I left it early because I had an appointment _(late) that day.3. Mary felt _(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.4. “That would be a very _(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it

23、 could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.5. Her _ (curious) got the best for her. mentallylater【練一練】pleasedreasonablecuriosity6. It was _ (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.7. As a result, many children are becoming less _ (depend), determined and ambitious than in the past.

24、 8. The merchants first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great _ (contribute) in maintaining his wealth.9. There are _ (comfort) feelings, often as many kind of physical pain.10. Problems are the serious test that tells success from _ (fail).impoliteindependentcontributionsuncomfortablefail

25、ure11. _ (luck) , I failed in the exam.12. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.13. At last, her courage and _ (wise) impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 14.The other frog went on jumping

26、 as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out.15. He devoted his spare time to finding shelters for the _ (home).Unluckilywisdomachievementsharderhomeless有關(guān)代詞的解題技巧Skill 1: 人稱代詞語法填空對代詞的考查重點考查人稱代詞，考查時可能給出代詞的主格形式（如I），要求考生填其賓格（如me）、形容詞性物主代詞（如my）、名詞性物主代詞（如mine）或反身代詞（如myself）等形式

27、1. The customer feels that the saleswoman is in sympathy with _ (he) and understands _ (he) needs. 2. This is _ (I) book. 3. The book is _ (I).himhismymineSkill 2: it的用法1. 指代上文提到的動物、事物或事情；指代人，常指嬰兒；或用以確定一人的身份，如打 或敲門時，可用it The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. The baby next door kept me

28、awake. It cried all night.2. 指代天氣、時間、距離、溫度等，在簡單句中作主語，填it It is a beautiful day. It was time to quit smoking. It is 10 kilometers to the castle.3. 由it作形式主語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花了某人一些時間 Its possible / necessary / important / strange / natural to do sth/that. 做某事是的 Its a pi

29、ty / a shame / a wonder to do sth/that 做某事是 Its worth / no use / no good / a waste of time doing sth 做某事是的 Its said / announced / believed / reported / hoped that 據(jù) It takes me an hour to get there by bus. It is important for students to attend all the lectures. It is a pity that he cant come. It is

30、 no use talking to him about the matter. It was reported that a heavy snowstorm hit that area last week. 4. 由it作形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填itit作形式賓語，常用于以下句型：主語 + 謂語 + it + adj./n. + to do sth/that常用于此句型的動詞有：make, think, feel, find, consider等 I found it very difficult to adapt myself to things all around here.

31、I dont think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 綜合練習(xí)Exercise 1 It happened two years ago. I was getting ready to go to Beijing 1. _ I fell down the stairs and hurt my leg. I thought nothing 2. _ (bad) could happen to me, so I decided to go anyway. I managed to talk my

32、 father into giving me a ride to the station, 3. _ was five kilometers from our house. We planned to set out very early 4. _ (catch) the 7 a.m. train but the car wouldnt start. When we finally left, 5. _ was already 6:30. My father is a very slow driver so I asked him to speed up. When we were doing

33、 120 km/h a policeman stopped us and handed out 6. _ rather heavy fine to my father for speeding. when worse whichto catch it a I was very nervous there were only fifteen minutes left and we were nowhere near the station yet. Much to my annoyance, the car 7. _ (sudden) started to jerk (顛簸) and it so

34、on turned out 8. _ we had run out of petrol. We had to stop at the petrol station to fill up the tank. We finally got to the station at three minutes to seven. I kissed my father goodbye, jumped on the train and settled down in my seat 9. _ relief. But as soon as we reached the next station, I reali

35、sed that I 10. _ (get) on the wrong train: I was traveling to Wuhan, not Beijing! suddenlythat in had gotExercise 2 Archimedes was a famous ancient Greek inventor and mathematician. He is best known for discovering “Archimedess Principle”, 1. _ scientific law that explains why some objectsfloat. The

36、re arevarious stories that tell how he madethis 2. _ (discover). One story tells of a king named Hiero, 3. _ suspected that his goldsmith had added some silver toa gold crown he had ordered. The king asked Archimedes 4. _ his assistance in finding out the truth. For days Archimedes was unable to ome

37、 up with 5. _ ideas. Then one daywhile getting into his bathtub, he noticed water spilling over the sides. a discovery who for anySuddenly, he realised that when an object 6. _ (place) in water, it moves some water from underneath it. By takingmeasurements of an objectsweight and the amount of water

38、 it moved, Archimedes could find out the“density (密度)” of the object. Because of this, he could conclude 7. _ King Hieros crown was made entirelyof gold or not. Archimedes was so 8. _ (excite) when he realised this that he jumped out of his bathtub 9. _ (shout) “Eureka!”, the Greek word for “I have

39、found it.” Today, people often shout “Eureka!” 10. _ (say) they have found a solution to a difficult problem. is placed whether excitedshouting to sayExercise 3 The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, 1. _ (include) serious air pollutio

40、n, long delays, and a great risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult 2. _ (persuade) people to change their habits and leave their cars at home. One possible approach is to make 3. _ more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing parking charges and bringing in tougher fines for anyone 4. _ breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. including to persuadeit who This system, known as “r