英國文學與文化introducing english poetry

1、Introducing English PoetrySonnetDear, this is going to be tough!In terms of meter(韻律):1) Metrical Poems（格律詩）Regular Rhyme; Definite Number of Lines2) Free Verse（自由詩）Irregular Rhyme; Irregular Number of Lines3) Blank Verse（無韻詩）Without Rhyme ; SOUND EFFECTSRhyme: sameness of sounds of two or more word

2、s .Say, day, play pleasure, puff END RHYME(行末韻)A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another linePeople laugh and people crySome give up some always trySome say hi while some say byeOthers may forget you but never I.Alliteration:Definition: Repetition of consonants, especial

3、ly at the beginning of words or stressed syllables.重複字首的子音 Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping.頭韻.Assonance. Definition: Repetition of similar vowel sounds in nearby words.重復元音Asleep under a tree time and tide wait for no man eac

4、h evening they flee from me 元音押韻 ConsonanceDefinition: identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds 重復輔音 tit, tatCreak, crack. Worth, breath 輔音押韻 what sound effect will the rhyme produce? establish relations among words between lines, or within a line. musically pleasant to ear rhym

5、e scheme，or rhyme pattern: Pattern or sequence in which end rhyme occurs. The first sound is designated as an a, the second as b, and so on. When the first sound is repeated, it is designated as an a also. For example:Can we define the rhyme pattern of this poem?Shall I compare thee to a summers day

6、?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures changing course untrimm

7、ed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst,Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst,So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Shall I compare thee to a summers

8、 day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date:Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed:And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or natures changing course u

9、ntrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou growst:So long as men can breathe, or eye can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.ababCdcdefefggWhat is a sonn

10、et?A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter. Iambic what?Oh dear, this isgoing to be tougher!Pentameter(抑揚格)?Well an iamb is a “soft” beat followed by a “l(fā)oud” beat:daDA daDA daDA daDAOne “daDA” = one “foot”.iambic pentameter = 5 iambs in each line (softLOUD softLOUD softLOUD softLOUD s

11、oftLOUD):Iambic PentameterIambic Pentameter is the rhythm and metre in which poets and playwrights wrote in Elizabethan England. It is a metre that Shakespeare uses. Rhyming patternsThe Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains followed by a couplet, the scheme being: abab cdcd efef gg. More head scratching?The SonnetA poem with 14 linesThe “Shakespearean” variety uses the following rhyme pattern:Aco