英漢對(duì)照分子生物學(xué)導(dǎo)論-Chapter-8課件(PPT 53頁)

1、Chapter 8 DNA Replication8.1 Semi-Conservative Replication8.2 Initiation of Replication8.3 Semi-Discontinuous replication8.4 Elongation of Replication and its Proteins8.5 DNA topology8.6 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes8.7 Experiments8.1 半保留復(fù)制8.2 復(fù)制的起始8.3 半不連續(xù)復(fù)制8.4 復(fù)制延伸 及其相關(guān)蛋白8.5 DNA拓?fù)鋵W(xué)8.6 真核生物 DNA復(fù)制8.

2、7 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究第1頁，共53頁。DNA ReplicationGenetic information is also passed from generation to generation. A crucial property of life is that even the most complex organisms are able to be copied. When one of your cells divides by mitosis, for example, it makes two new cells that are essentially perfect replic

3、as of the parent cell. 遺傳信息也從一個(gè)世代到另一個(gè)世代進(jìn)行傳遞。生命至關(guān)重要的特性是：即使是最復(fù)雜的生命也能夠被復(fù)制出來。例如，當(dāng)你的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行有絲分裂時(shí)，它能產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)本質(zhì)上是母細(xì)胞完美復(fù)制品的新細(xì)胞。第2頁，共53頁。8.1 Semi-ConservativeReplication / 半保留復(fù)制Semi-conservative replication: A style of DNA replication in which produces a DNA with one strand from the parent, and one newly synthesize

4、d strand.半保留復(fù)制：一種DNA的復(fù)制方式，產(chǎn)生的DNA中一條鏈來自于母本、另一條鏈?zhǔn)切潞铣傻?。?頁，共53頁。8.2 Initiation of Replication / 復(fù)制的起始第4頁，共53頁。Bidirectional Replication / 雙向復(fù)制第5頁，共53頁。8.3 Semi-discontinuousreplication半不連續(xù)復(fù)制第6頁，共53頁。Semi-discontinuous replication / 半不連續(xù)復(fù)制第7頁，共53頁。Semi-discontinuous replication / 半不連續(xù)復(fù)制第8頁，共53頁。8.4 Elon

5、gation of Replicationand its Proteins復(fù)制延伸及其相關(guān)蛋白8.4.1 Helicase and SSBs8.4.2 DNA polymerase III8.4.3 Explanation for 35 Synthesis8.4.4 Primers8.4.1 解旋酶與SSB8.4.2 DNA聚合酶III8.4.3 關(guān)于35合成8.4.4 引物第9頁，共53頁。8.4.1 Helicase and SSBs / 解旋酶與SSB第10頁，共53頁。3D structure of helicaseFile: E coli helicase 2J0Q.val第11頁，

6、共53頁。SSB: single-strand DNA binding proteinssDNAssDNAFile: E coli SSB bound to ssDNA 1EYG.val第12頁，共53頁。8.4.2 DNA polymerase III / DNA聚合酶III第13頁，共53頁。DNA polymerase III corePolymerizationProofreading第14頁，共53頁。Sliding clamp / 滑行夾第15頁，共53頁。Safety clamp for climbing / 攀巖安全扣/photos.asp /_PA-3-highlights2

7、005.html 第16頁，共53頁。3D structure of sliding clampFile: E coli DNA pol III beta dimer 1MMI.val第17頁，共53頁。Clamp loader / 滑行夾加載器第18頁，共53頁。3D structure of clamp loaderFile: E coli clamp loader gamma complex of DNA pol III.val第19頁，共53頁。Proofreading / 校正35 exonuclease activity35外切核酸酶活性第20頁，共53頁。Proofreading

8、 / 校正第21頁，共53頁。Now showingDNA ReplicationFile: biophoto7 Life DNA Replication, Part 2: Coordination of Leading and Lagging Strand Synthesis 第22頁，共53頁。Now showingDNA polymerizationFile: biophoto7 Lehninger Nucleotide polymerization by DNA polymerase. (5)第23頁，共53頁。8.4.3 Explanation for 35 Synthesis關(guān)于3

9、5合成53 Synthesis continues after proofreading35 Synthesis stops after proofreading 第24頁，共53頁。53 Synthesis continues after proofreading第25頁，共53頁。53 Synthesis continues after proofreading第26頁，共53頁。35 Synthesis stops after proofreading 第27頁，共53頁。35 Synthesis stops after proofreading 第28頁，共53頁。8.4.4 Prim

10、ers / 引物第29頁，共53頁。Primer for Okazaki fragment第30頁，共53頁。Primer Removal / 引物去除第31頁，共53頁。8.5 DNA topology / DNA拓?fù)鋵W(xué)第32頁，共53頁。Topoisomerase I / 拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶I第33頁，共53頁。Topoisomerase II / 拓?fù)洚悩?gòu)酶II第34頁，共53頁。Termination of replication in E. coli大腸桿菌復(fù)制終止第35頁，共53頁。8.6 DNA Replication in Eukaryotes真核生物DNA復(fù)制Prokaryotic

11、DNAEukaryotic DNA1000 nt / sec1000 nt / min第36頁，共53頁。Multiple initiation sites多重起始位點(diǎn)www.usask.ca/./replication/replication.htm 第37頁，共53頁。5 eukaryotic DNA polymerasesEukaryotic DNA polymerasesPol (Synthesis of lagging strand)Pol (Synthesis of leading strand)Pol (Function unknown)Pol (DNA repair)Pol (

12、Replication of mitochondrial DNA)Pol IIIPol I3 prokaryotic DNA polymerasesPol II?第38頁，共53頁。8.6.1 Replication initiation in Eukaryotes真核生物復(fù)制起始S. cerevisiae（面包酵母）www2.biomed.cas.cz/benada/lem117/eng/stereo.htm ARS: autonomouslyreplicating sequence自主復(fù)制序列 OriC第39頁，共53頁。Eukaryotic replication origins真核生物

13、復(fù)制起點(diǎn)In higher eukaryotes, it has been much more difficult to pinpoint sequences that serve as origins of replication. In some cases the site of the origin may vary over thousands of bases, in other cases there seem to be no consistent sites of replication origin. Factors other than base sequence, su

14、ch as nucleosome density, may play important roles in determining the origin.在更高等的真核生物中，要找出作為復(fù)制起點(diǎn)序列的確切位置要困難得多。在有些情況下，復(fù)制起點(diǎn)的序列可能會(huì)相差幾千個(gè)堿基，在另一些情況下則看起來根本沒有統(tǒng)一的復(fù)制起點(diǎn)位置。這時(shí)，在決定復(fù)制起點(diǎn)中起重要作用的是一些其它因素如核小體密度等，而不是堿基序列。第40頁，共53頁。The cell cycle / 細(xì)胞周期第41頁，共53頁。pre-RC: pre-Replicative Complex前復(fù)制復(fù)合體pre-RC第42頁，共53頁。pre-RC

15、: pre-Replicative Complex前復(fù)制復(fù)合體第43頁，共53頁。Cdk2 and Cdc45Inactive Cdk2Active Cdk2Cdc45Cdc45第44頁，共53頁。8.6.2 Telomeres / 端粒Another challenge faced by eukaryotes during synthesis is what to do with primers at the end of the chromosome. The end of a eukaryotic chromosome is called the telomere. 真核生物DNA合成面臨的另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是如何處理位于染色體末端的引物。真核生物染色體的末端稱為端粒。第45頁，共53頁。Telomeres / 端粒第46頁，共53頁。Telomerase / 端粒酶 (1/2)第47頁，共53頁。Telomerase / 端粒酶 (2/2)第48頁，共53頁。Telomerase and cancer cell端粒酶與癌細(xì)胞In normal cellNo telomeraseIn cancer cellTelomerase第49頁，共53頁。8.7 Experiments / 實(shí)驗(yàn)研究+Semiconservativereplication半保