(完整版)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)4theacydefender課文翻譯

1、They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, th at nothing could stand in their way. Russias icy defender was to prove them wron g.人道是驕兵必?cái)　＞湍媚闷苼龊拖Ｌ乩諆扇藖?lái)說(shuō)吧，他們所向披靡，便以為自己戰(zhàn)無(wú)不勝，不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪

2、衛(wèi)士證明他們錯(cuò)了。The Icy DefenderNila B. SmithIn 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army in to Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defendi ng their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Mo scow, the capital city. B

3、ut he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow - the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪衛(wèi)士奈拉B 史密斯1812年，法國(guó)皇帝拿破侖 波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會(huì)為保衛(wèi)祖國(guó)而奮勇抵抗。他準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國(guó)土上要經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科。但他沒(méi)有料到在莫斯科他會(huì)遭遇勁敵一俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack again

4、st th e Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitlers military might was unequaled. H is war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Ru ssian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet so

5、ldiers.1941年，納粹德國(guó)元首阿道夫希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時(shí)被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實(shí)力堪稱無(wú)敵。他的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，但是， 就像在他之前的拿破侖一樣，他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃士兵一臂之力。Napoleons CampaignIn the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousan d men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and

6、 well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.拿破侖發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)役1812年春，拿破侖在俄國(guó)邊境屯兵60萬(wàn)。這些士兵受過(guò)良好訓(xùn)練，作戰(zhàn)力強(qiáng)，裝備精良。這支軍隊(duì)被稱為大軍。拿破侖對(duì)馬到成功充滿自信，預(yù)言要在5個(gè)星期內(nèi)攻下俄國(guó)。Shortly afterwards, Napoleons army crossed the Neman River into

7、 Russia. T he quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving s

8、upply lines.不久，拿破侖的大軍渡過(guò)涅曼河進(jìn)入俄國(guó)。拿破侖期盼著的速?zèng)Q速勝遲遲沒(méi)有發(fā)生。令他吃驚的是，俄國(guó)人并不奮起抵抗。相反，他們一路東撤，沿途焚毀莊稼和民居。大軍緊追 不舍，但它的長(zhǎng)驅(qū)直入很快由于糧草運(yùn)輸緩慢而停頓下來(lái)。In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russ

9、ian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter? 至U了 8 月，法俄兩軍在斯摩棱斯克交戰(zhàn)，這一戰(zhàn)役中，雙方各有上萬(wàn)人陣亡?？墒?，俄國(guó)人仍能在 自己的國(guó)土上繼續(xù)后撤。拿破侖未能取得決定性的勝利。此刻他面臨著一個(gè)重要抉擇。是繼續(xù)追擊俄

10、國(guó)軍隊(duì)，還是把軍隊(duì)駐扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那兒度過(guò)將到的冬天？Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Bor odino, 112 kilometers west of Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and fort y-four thousand Russians lay dead o

11、r wounded on the battlefield.拿破侖孤注一擲，決定向遠(yuǎn)在 448公里之外的莫斯科進(jìn)發(fā)。1812年9月7日，法俄兩 軍在莫斯科以西112公里外的鮑羅季諾激戰(zhàn)。夜幕降臨時(shí)，3萬(wàn)名法國(guó)士兵以及4.4萬(wàn)名俄 國(guó)士兵或傷或亡，倒在了戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上。Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fle d their capital.

12、 Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of t he city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he co uld bide his time: We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us.俄國(guó)軍隊(duì)再次撤往安全之處。 拿破侖順利進(jìn)入莫斯科， 然而，對(duì)該市的占領(lǐng)成為毫無(wú)意義的勝利。俄國(guó)人棄城而走。法國(guó)人進(jìn)城不久，一場(chǎng)熊熊大火燒毀了整個(gè)城市

13、的三分之二。拿破侖向亞歷山大一世提出停戰(zhàn)，但沙皇深知他可以等待時(shí)機(jī)：且讓俄羅斯的嚴(yán)冬為我們戰(zhàn)斗吧?！盢apoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in M oscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Grand Army to retreat fr om Moscow.拿破侖很快意識(shí)到，他無(wú)法在冬天向遠(yuǎn)在莫斯科的軍隊(duì)供應(yīng)糧草、提供御寒衣物和宿營(yíng)之地。1812年10月，他命令大軍撤出莫斯科。The French retreat tu

14、rned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launch ed hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winters first snow cam e. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon beca

15、me stuck in the snow. Equipme nt had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dra gged on, leaving the dead along every mile.法軍的撤離成為一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)。俄國(guó)人出沒(méi)于田野與森林，采用打了就跑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，向法國(guó)人 發(fā)起攻擊。剛出莫斯科城，氣溫就降到攝氏零下4度。11月3日降下初雪。困乏的馬匹倒地而死。大炮陷入雪中。裝備只得被用作燃料焚燒。士兵們?nèi)静鏊馈７▏?guó)士兵拖著腳步行進(jìn)，一路上留下無(wú)數(shù)死尸。As t

16、he Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the retreating Fren ch by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, wasable to build two new bridges. Thousands o

17、f French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.正當(dāng)俄羅斯軍隊(duì)集聚兵力之時(shí)，法國(guó)人卻不得不逃離俄國(guó)，以避免注定的失敗。在別列茲那河，俄國(guó)人焚燒了漲水的河道上的橋梁，差點(diǎn)將后撤的法軍困于河邊。僥幸的是，拿破侖居然突擊造起兩座橋。成千上萬(wàn)法國(guó)士兵得以逃脫，但卻損失了 5萬(wàn)人。渡過(guò)別列茲拿河， 潰不成軍的幸存者一病一拐地向維爾紐行進(jìn)。Of the six hundred thou

18、sand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napole

19、on abdicated and wen t into exile, his empire at an end.拿破侖發(fā)兵60萬(wàn)進(jìn)入俄國(guó)，只有不到10萬(wàn)士兵返回。元?dú)獯髠姆▏?guó)軍隊(duì)在歐洲繼續(xù) 西撤。不久，英國(guó)、奧地利、俄國(guó)以及普魯士組成強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)盟，攻擊這些散兵游勇。1814年3月，巴黎被攻占。拿破侖退位去過(guò)流放生活，他締造的帝國(guó)隨之滅亡。Hitlers InvasionBy early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitlers

20、German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 194 1, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was th e largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected t he campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to us

21、e the blitzkrieg, or lig htning war, tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thr usts: against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.希特勒的入侵到1941年初，納粹德國(guó)元首阿道夫希特勒已經(jīng)控制了歐洲大部分地區(qū)。希特勒的德意志帝國(guó)的東部與蘇聯(lián)毗鄰。1941年6月22日，希特勒不宣而戰(zhàn)，入侵蘇聯(lián)，發(fā)動(dòng)了歷史上 規(guī)模最大的一場(chǎng)陸地戰(zhàn)役。希特勒自信能速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，預(yù)計(jì)這一戰(zhàn)役不會(huì)超過(guò)3個(gè)月。

22、他計(jì)劃采用征服了歐洲其余地區(qū)的閃電式戰(zhàn)略。入侵計(jì)劃包含三大目標(biāo)：向列寧格勒與莫斯科進(jìn)攻，并橫掃烏克蘭。Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russi an people to scorch the earth in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the inva

23、sion, the Ge rmans pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人約瑟夫斯大林被打了個(gè)措手不及，他指示全國(guó)人民在德國(guó)入侵者到來(lái)之前 實(shí)行 焦土”政策。農(nóng)場(chǎng)和工廠被焚燒毀壞，或被弄得無(wú)法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在入侵的最初 10個(gè)星期內(nèi)， 德國(guó)人一路東進(jìn)，俄國(guó)人傷亡人數(shù)多達(dá)一百多萬(wàn)。In the north, the Germans closed in on Leningrad. Despite great suffering, howeve r, the peop

24、le of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on int o winter, the citys situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter of 1941-1942, nearly four thousand people starv ed to death every day. Close to one millio

25、n people died as a result of the siege.在北方，德國(guó)人包圍了列寧格勒。盡管忍受著極大困苦，列寧格勒的人民絕不投降。列寧格勒保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)一直持續(xù)到冬季，此時(shí)該市的處境變得危急。由于食品匱乏，人們死于饑餓與疾病。到了 1941年和1942年之間的寒冬，幾乎每天有4千人死于饑餓。列寧格勒之圍造成近百萬(wàn)人死亡。In the center of Russia, Hitlers goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Ge rmans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made

26、 no plans for winter supplies. Octob er arrived with heavy rains. General Mud slowed down the movement of the Germans l ightning attack.在俄國(guó)中部，希特勒的目標(biāo)是占領(lǐng)莫斯科。由于德國(guó)人指望速戰(zhàn)速?zèng)Q，他們沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備過(guò)冬的補(bǔ)給。10月來(lái)臨，大雨不停。 泥濘將軍”拖延了德國(guó)人閃電式進(jìn)攻的行動(dòng)。As Hitlers armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settl ed over

27、 the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degree s Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, froze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy s nowbanks. The Russian winter brought the

28、German offensive to a halt.正當(dāng)希特勒的軍隊(duì)逼近莫斯科時(shí)，寒冷的冬季早早地降臨蘇聯(lián)，那是多年不遇的嚴(yán)寒。 氣溫降到攝氏零下 48度。大雪紛飛。對(duì)俄國(guó)的嚴(yán)寒冬季毫無(wú)思想準(zhǔn)備的德國(guó)士兵身著單薄 的夏裝，一個(gè)個(gè)被凍傷。德國(guó)人的坦克掩埋在深深的雪堆中。俄羅斯的冬季阻止了德國(guó)人的攻勢(shì)。By the summer of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Ge rmans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad,

29、 a great industrial city tha t stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defend ers refused to give up Stalingrad.到1942夏天，希特勒又發(fā)起兩場(chǎng)新的攻勢(shì)。在南方，德國(guó)人占領(lǐng)了塞瓦斯托波爾。希 特勒隨后向東推進(jìn)到斯大林格勒，那是沿伏爾加河綿延48公里的一座大工業(yè)城市。盡管艱苦卓絕，蘇聯(lián)抵抗者拒絕放棄斯大林格勒。18 In November 1942, the Russians launched a c

30、ounterattack. With little or no shelte r from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies. Not until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand sta

31、rvin g soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hi tler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Russian winter.1942年11月，俄國(guó)人發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)反攻。德國(guó)軍隊(duì)在斯大林格勒城內(nèi)外幾乎沒(méi)有擋風(fēng)避 寒的地方，食品和補(bǔ)給的匱乏更使其元?dú)獯髠?。直?1943年1月德國(guó)人才放棄圍城。進(jìn)攻 斯大林格勒的30萬(wàn)德國(guó)人只剩下9萬(wàn)忍饑挨餓的士兵。斯大林格勒一戰(zhàn)的失利最終使希特 勒時(shí)乖運(yùn)蹇。部分地由于俄羅斯的冬季，德國(guó)人走向失敗。During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward t he west. In the north, the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surpr ise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the he