高考英語語法填空之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換類PPT課件(PPT 41頁)

1、語法填空第三講：有提示詞之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.第1頁，共41頁。 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是語法填空的必考點。這一考點涉及到: (1) 句子成分劃分或句子結構分析； (2) 各種詞性的語法功能； (3) 構詞法特別是派生法 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等多個知識點，是綜合性較強的一道題。我們將其主要考點和必備基礎歸納如下：2.第2頁，共41頁?？键c1：形容詞副詞 形容詞后+ly可變成與原來意義相同的副詞。直接加-lyslow 慢的 slowly 緩慢地改y為-ilyhappy 高興的 happily 高興地去e加-lytrue 真的 truly 真的考點解密3.第3頁，共41頁。后 綴 例 詞 后 綴 例 詞 -alindustrial

2、 national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful mouthful -ish childish selfish-ive active creative -y dirty thirsty windy -en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic -some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly

3、 lovely -lesscareless harmless考點2：名詞形容詞(1)名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見的后綴有：4.第4頁，共41頁。(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：后綴例 詞-nesshappiness 幸福 illness 疾病 -ydifficulty 困難 possibility 可能性 -ismsocialism 社會主義5.第5頁，共41頁?？键c3：形容詞動詞(1)形容詞可變成動詞。如：en-enrich豐富 enable 使能夠-enwiden加寬 sharpen削尖shorten 縮短 soften 軟化-izeAmericanize 美國化 civilize 使開化m

4、odernize 現(xiàn)代化 nationalize國有化-ysimplify簡化某些名詞后加-y可變成動詞，表示“使化”。如：beautify 美化6.第6頁，共41頁。(2)動詞變成形容詞。如：-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的 various各種各樣的-able/ibledrinkable可飲用的accessible可進入的-ing/edinteresting令人感興趣的 excited興奮的7.第7頁，共41頁。考點4：動詞名詞后綴例 詞-anceacceptance接受 appearance 出現(xiàn)-encereference參考 existence 存在-alrefusal拒絕 arri

5、val 到達-tiondictation聽寫 preparation 準備-mentargument 爭論 judgment 判斷8.第8頁，共41頁?？键c5：名詞名詞(人)后綴例 詞-erteacher 教師 reader 讀者officer 官員 farmer 農(nóng)夫villager 村民 Londoner 倫敦人-orconductor 售票員 visitor 游客-arbeggar 乞丐 -essactress 女演員 hostess 女主人-eseChinese 中國人Japanese 日本人-ianmusician 音樂家 physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-istscientist科學家

6、socialist社會主義者9.第9頁，共41頁?？键c6：不變詞性的前綴和后綴前綴含 義例 詞dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意 dishonest 不誠實un-不unable 不能夠 unlucky 不幸的un-相反動作undress脫衣服 unload 卸貨in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive 不活躍的 incorrect 不正確的impolite不有禮貌的 impossible不可能的irregular 不規(guī)則的 irresponsible不負責任的illogical 不合邏輯的 illegal 非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的 non-stop

7、直達的mis-錯誤的，壞的misunderstand 誤解 misfortune 厄運,不幸10.第10頁，共41頁。前綴含 義例 詞re重復，再rewrite重寫 remarry 再婚super-在上面，超級supermarket 超市 supermodel 超級名模under-在之下underestimate低估 underground 地下的inter-相互，之間international國際的 interact 相互作用semi-半semifinal（半決賽） semicircle 半圓multi-多，多種multi-national多國的 multi-coloured多種顏色的kil

8、o-千kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克,公斤tele-遠telephone 電話 television 電視a-在上/里aboard 在船/火車/飛機上 ahead 在前面11.第11頁，共41頁。注：前綴一般只改變詞義而不改變詞性： 但en-也改變詞性，如：large大的-enlarge擴大，danger危險-endanger危及； 后綴一般改變詞性不改變詞義，但-ship也不改變詞性，如：leader領導-leadership領導階層；friend朋友-friendship友誼。12.第12頁，共41頁。 要正確解答高考語法填空中的詞語派生題，必須弄清要填的詞在句子中

9、充當哪種句子成分，作該種成分需要哪種詞類的詞；然后再根據(jù)構詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。 下表歸納了各種句子成分的概念、所處的語境和充當該句子成分的典型詞類，這些是做好詞語派生題的必備基礎，建議同學們理解并熟記：解題技巧13.第13頁，共41頁。概念描述所處語境充當?shù)脑~類主語講的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some, any, other等后名詞、代詞；動名詞、不定式或從句賓語動作的行為對象及物動詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及some, any, other等后謂語表示主語干什么或是什么主語之后動詞表語說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)系動詞之后主要是形容詞

10、；某些名詞；個別副詞補語補充說明賓語或主語在賓語之后；或在被動式謂語之后定語修飾和限定名詞或代詞名詞之前，something等代詞之后形容詞狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子動詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；句首副詞14.第14頁，共41頁。根據(jù)該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，故填silent。 In a _ (danger)

11、 part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填dangerous。 考點分析15.第15頁，共41頁。Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語，用形容詞；表示”感興趣的”，填interested?？键c分析16.第16頁，共41頁。1.In this lecture

12、, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal immediate 鞏固練習17.第17頁，共41頁。技巧2：作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式；在形容詞性物主代詞

13、后，或者在”冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。要注意名詞是否用復數(shù)形式。如：考點分析18.第18頁，共41頁。1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries.3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperi

14、ty of our country.instructions choice pride 鞏固練習19.第19頁，共41頁。4. the remains date from this period because of their _ (similar) to those found elsewhere.5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the readingsimilarities information 鞏固練習20.第20頁，共41頁。技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形

15、式。如：1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China.2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.increasingly merely 考點分析21.第21頁，共41頁。3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.4.Do you think shoppi

16、ng online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?equally finally 鞏固練習22.第22頁，共41頁。技巧4：括號中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關系，在詞根前加un-, im-等，在詞根后加-less等。如：考點分析23.第23頁，共41頁。1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve.2. _

17、(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.hopeless Unfortunately 鞏固練習24.第24頁，共41頁。技巧5：括號中所給動詞也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，而是考詞類轉(zhuǎn)換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其比較等級。如：考點分析25.第25頁，共41頁。1there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog

18、 went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).more popular attractions harder 鞏固練習26.第26頁，共41頁。4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexi

19、cos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst 鞏固練習27.第27頁，共41頁。綜合練習：根據(jù)以上技巧完成下面的語法填空綜合練習2

20、8.第28頁，共41頁。語篇填空：閱讀下列短文，按照句子結構的語法性，用括號中所給詞語的適當形式填空。(A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the f

21、ather exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”monthly 綜合練習29.第29頁，共41頁。 The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (quiet) walked away, 5_ (disappoint) written o

22、ver his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately 30.第30頁，共41頁。 “If only I could tell him how

23、 much I regret my 7_ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (importance) than responding with love to the cry fo

24、r love from those who are near and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的31.第31頁，共41頁。(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds gre

25、atest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活躍) and 4_(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland

26、and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich 綜合練習32.第32頁，共41頁。 The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6_(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objecti

27、ves.significantly original 33.第33頁，共41頁。Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7_(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is alway

28、s something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss). This is 10_(evitable可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable 34.第34頁，共41頁。The _ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming f

29、rom strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.death composers various untimely (C)35.第35頁，共41頁。On his death ce