物流英語(yǔ)90771995

1、2.1 Introduction to Supply Chain Management 090507206黃海霞12.1.1 Definition of Supply Chain Management2.1.2 Differences between Logistics and Supply Chain Management2.1.3 Supply Chain Management Process2.1.4 Importance of an Effective Supply Chain Management2.1.5 Supply Chain Management Eras2背景介紹課文概況要

2、點(diǎn)詳解3供應(yīng)鏈管理思想產(chǎn)生的背景 全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化已經(jīng)成為新世紀(jì)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)主要趨勢(shì)，這給企業(yè)帶來了難得的機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也帶來了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)要面對(duì)不斷急劇變化的市場(chǎng)需求及縮短交貨期、提高質(zhì)量、降低成本和改進(jìn)服務(wù)的壓力。企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境的變化，使得原來分散的各個(gè)企業(yè)逐漸意識(shí)到，要在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存下來，就必須與其他企業(yè)建立一種戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，發(fā)揮各企業(yè)的核心能力，并在跨企業(yè)的集成管理模式下，使各個(gè)企業(yè)能夠統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)起來，從而適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境變化。供應(yīng)鏈管理思想就是在這樣的背景下產(chǎn)生的。4可以認(rèn)為：20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代是“市場(chǎng)的20年”，90年代是“物流的10年”，21世紀(jì)的前

3、10年，是“供應(yīng)鏈管理的10年”。從有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料看，HP（惠普）、DEC（美國(guó)數(shù)字設(shè)備公司）、P&G（寶潔）、IBM（國(guó)際商業(yè)機(jī)器公司）、DELL（戴爾）等公司在供應(yīng)鏈管理實(shí)踐中獲得了成功，并借助供應(yīng)鏈管理提高了國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。供應(yīng)鏈管理實(shí)踐證明，通過建立和完善供應(yīng)鏈管理體系能夠打幅度提高生產(chǎn)率。返回52.1.1 Definition of Supply Chain Management1.Definition of supply chain management （供應(yīng)鏈管理的定義）2.Three goals of supply chain management（供應(yīng)鏈管理的3個(gè)目標(biāo)）3. C

4、omposition of the supply chain （供應(yīng)鏈的組成）6Manufacturer 制造商Wholesaler 批發(fā)商Retailer 零售商Consumer 消費(fèi)者Supplier 供應(yīng)商What is Supply Chain Management?Supply chain management is the control of the supply chain as a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer.返回7Three main goals of

5、 SCM:Inventory(庫(kù)存)Reduce8NO.2 To increase the speed of transactions with real-time data exchange.通過實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)交換加速交易過程9NO.3 To increase revenue by satisfying customer demands more efficiently.通過更有效地滿足顧客的需求來增加收入返回10Suppliers supplierSupplierCore enterpriseResellerCustomerUpstreamDownstreamThe structure of a

6、 supply chain返回11長(zhǎng)難句解析：Supply chain management does not involve only the movement of a physical product (such as a microchip) through the chain but also any data that goes along with the product (such as order status information，payment schedules，and ownership titles) and the actual entities that ha

7、ndle the product from stage to stage of the supply chain.參考譯文：供應(yīng)鏈管理不僅包括通過該鏈的產(chǎn)品的物理移動(dòng)（如芯片），而且包括因?qū)嶓w流動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的各種數(shù)據(jù)（如訂單狀態(tài)信息，支付時(shí)間，所有權(quán)）和處理供應(yīng)鏈各個(gè)階段產(chǎn)品的實(shí)際主體。重點(diǎn)單詞：microchip makrtp n.芯片 order status information 訂單狀態(tài)信息 ownership titles 所有權(quán) entity entiti n. 實(shí)體12Component and subassembly suppliers are upstream from the

8、 manufacturer. Further up the chain are suppliers suppliers, who provide raw materials.重點(diǎn)單詞：component kmpunnt n.部分；元件 subassembly sbsembli n.部件，組件 raw materials 原材料參考譯文：元件以及部件供應(yīng)商制造商的上游。追溯供應(yīng)鏈的上游是供應(yīng)商的供應(yīng)商，由他們提供原材料。 13Thus, the supply chain encompasses the flow and transformation of goods, services and

9、information from the raw materials stage to the consumers. 重點(diǎn)單詞：encompass enkmps vt. 1. 圍繞;包圍 2. 包含，包括，涉及參考譯文：供應(yīng)鏈包括從原材料階段到消費(fèi)者各個(gè)階段的產(chǎn)品流，服務(wù)流和信息流。返回14背景介紹課文概況要點(diǎn)詳解15資料來源：US department of commerce（美國(guó)商務(wù)部）供應(yīng)鏈管理物流理論圖中分析了1998年美國(guó)物流行業(yè)成本的構(gòu)成。可見，物流成本已經(jīng)在企業(yè)成本中占了非常大的比重，有效地控制物流成本將給企業(yè)帶來非常大的回報(bào)。16在供應(yīng)鏈管理中，物流實(shí)際上是對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈中的產(chǎn)品（包

10、括動(dòng)態(tài)運(yùn)輸中的產(chǎn)品、靜態(tài)庫(kù)存中的產(chǎn)品、生產(chǎn)線上的產(chǎn)品、概念設(shè)計(jì)階段的產(chǎn)品，以及廢舊產(chǎn)品），對(duì)整個(gè)渠道的產(chǎn)品和信息實(shí)行增值流動(dòng)管理，以便獲得最大的運(yùn)營(yíng)效率和效益。在物流體系中，設(shè)施地點(diǎn)、庫(kù)存和交通運(yùn)輸是有效控制物流的三個(gè)主要因素，它們構(gòu)成了供應(yīng)鏈的渠道，也是供應(yīng)鏈管理的三個(gè)主要著眼點(diǎn)。通過供應(yīng)鏈體系資源的集成，將靜態(tài)的設(shè)施地點(diǎn)和庫(kù)存、動(dòng)態(tài)的交通運(yùn)輸變成供應(yīng)鏈體系的價(jià)值增值資源。返回172.1.2 Differences between Logistics and Supply Chain Management1.Definition of logistics （物流的定義）2. Understa

11、nding of logistics （對(duì)物流的理解）3.Logistics activities （物流活動(dòng)）4.The significance of logistics （物流的意義）18A widely adopted textbook defines logistics management as follows:“the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related informat

12、ion from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements”.物流管理就是為了滿足顧客的需求，對(duì)物流、服務(wù)流及相關(guān)信息流從原產(chǎn)地到消費(fèi)地進(jìn)行的計(jì)劃、組織與控制的過程 。1.Definition of logistics 19A new definition：Logistics is an optimization process of the location, movement and storage of resources from the

13、point of origin, through various economic activities, to the final consumer.參考譯文：物流是通過各種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)對(duì)資源從原產(chǎn)地到最終消費(fèi)者的選位、移動(dòng)和儲(chǔ)存進(jìn)行優(yōu)化的過程。返回201、Process2.Understanding of logisticsLogistics is a process concerned with various activities within an organization from the overall thinking to each individual operational

14、task.物流是一個(gè)從全局思考到每個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)操作任務(wù)的不同活動(dòng)的過程。Logistics is a process that covers every element that associates with the product from the origin of resources to the final stage of consumption.物流是一個(gè)完成與產(chǎn)品有關(guān)（從資源原產(chǎn)地到最終消費(fèi)環(huán)節(jié)）的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的過程。212.Resources:Logistics does not only concern materials. It interests in all resource

15、s needed for having the right product or service at the consumers disposal .Resources Capital Materials People Information Technology know-how物流關(guān)注的不僅包括材料，還包括消費(fèi)者可支配產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)所需的全部資源。 返回223.Logistics activities Logistics should include two levels of planning and organizing activities.物流包括計(jì)劃和組織活動(dòng)的兩個(gè)層面。 The

16、first level:When and where to get resources and products and where to send them.關(guān)于何時(shí)何地獲得資源和產(chǎn)品，以及將它們派送何處.23A problem of movement and storageThe second level：How to get the resource and products form the origin to the final destination.如何將資源和產(chǎn)品從原產(chǎn)地的運(yùn)送到最終目的地 。返回244.The significance of logistics Logisti

17、cs is a process of optimizing systematically the system which includes each activity so that the total benefit can be maximized and the best overall result can be achieved.物流是一個(gè)包括每項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的過程，以便能使總體利益最大化和實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳的整體效果。 返回25implement implimnt vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)，完成optimization ptimaizein n.最優(yōu)化 optimize ptmaz vt.使最優(yōu)化as

18、sociate with 與有關(guān)at ones disposal 可支配的know-how n.秘訣，訣竅systematically sstmtkl adv.有系統(tǒng)地New words and expressions26長(zhǎng)難句解析：A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and fin

19、ished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers.參考譯文：供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)菆?zhí)行采購(gòu)原材料，將它們轉(zhuǎn)換為中間產(chǎn)品和成品，并且將成品銷售到用戶的功能網(wǎng)鏈。 重點(diǎn)單詞：intermediate ntmidit adj. 中間的; 中級(jí)的27 This definition provides logistics with a comprehensive dimension and allow organizations to take full advantage of the philosophy, t

20、he way of thinking and the practice of logistics during the entire process of all logistics related activities to enhance the system efficiency in different areas.參考譯文： 這一定義給物流提供了全面的解釋，使組織在整個(gè)物流相關(guān)活動(dòng)中充分利用物流理念，思維方式和物流實(shí)踐以提高不同領(lǐng)域系統(tǒng)的效率。重點(diǎn)單詞：comprehensive dimension 全面維度 take full advantage of 充分利用 philosoph

21、y filsfi n.哲學(xué)，理念28This means that logistics is not an isolated action, it is rather a series of continuous and interrelated activities in which principles of logistics thinking, planning, organization, management and operation apply.參考譯文：這意味著物流不是一個(gè)孤立的行為，而是體現(xiàn)了物流思想、規(guī)劃、組織、管理和運(yùn)作原則的一系列連續(xù)的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的活動(dòng)。 重點(diǎn)單詞：is

22、olated asletd adj.孤立的 interrelated ntrileitid adj.相互關(guān)聯(lián)的29Optimization means to organize all relevant activities for the purpose of minimizing the total cost of providing the consumer with the value required. This implies the elimination or minimization of all unproductive activities and activities t

23、hat do not provide or provide less value added. 參考譯文：最優(yōu)化是指在保證提供顧客期望價(jià)值的情況下，以最小的成本組織所有相關(guān)活動(dòng)。這就意味著應(yīng)該消除或盡量減少所有非生產(chǎn)性活動(dòng)以及不能或者僅能提供很少價(jià)值增值的活動(dòng)。重點(diǎn)單詞：minimize minimaiz vt.把減至最低值 minimization minimaizein n.最小限度 elimination lmnen n.排除，除去返回302.1.3 Supply Chain Management ProcessPlanTypically, SCM is comprised of fiv

24、e stages:DeliverDevelopMakeReturn31Value: It helps to address that how a given good or service can meet the needs of the customers.A significant portion: It should focus on planning a profitable supply chain.Portion 一部分Return32Value: This phase involves not only building a strong relationship with s

25、uppliers of the raw materials but also planning methods for shipping,delivery and payment.phase 階段the raw materials 原材料delivery 交付Return33Value:ManufacturedTestedPackagedScheduled for deliveryReceive customer ordersPlan delivery of goodsAt the Logistics phaseReturn34Value: Customers may return defec

26、tive products and the company will also address customers questions.defective 有缺陷的35Bullwhip effect牛鞭效應(yīng)What does it mean ?Food for thought(思考題): How to deal with it ?36時(shí)間真實(shí)需求+需求量需求放大形狀預(yù)測(cè)放大過量訂貨庫(kù)存增加需求扭曲牛鞭效應(yīng)37This greater variation in demand that can be seen in the supply chain as one moves away from t

27、he end customer is known as the bullwhip effect.variation 變異譯文：從最終客戶向供應(yīng)鏈上游流動(dòng)的過程中，需求差異逐漸放大的現(xiàn)象稱為牛鞭效應(yīng)。This greater variation in demand that can be seen in the supply chain as one moves away from the end customer is known as the bullwhip effect.variation 變異Return38KanbanReturn392.1.4 Importance of an Ef

28、fective Supply Chain ManagementCase1Case2Case34041A virtual reality system worn around the hand and arm allows a physician to feel pressure sensations from computer images and make an informed diagnosis in real time halfway around the globe.sensations 感覺diagnosis 診斷譯文：使用系在手或者胳膊上虛擬的現(xiàn)實(shí)系統(tǒng)，能讓醫(yī)生感到壓力，從計(jì)算機(jī)圖像上感覺，從而在地球另一半實(shí)時(shí)做出明智的診斷。 42Conclusion 1Better supply chain helps some service business ,including those requiring creativity,imagination and specialized knowledge.譯文：高效的供應(yīng)鏈能幫助一些服務(wù)行業(yè)，包括那些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造力，想象力和專業(yè)知識(shí)的。Return4344C