職稱英語(yǔ)(衛(wèi)生類)新增文章

1、2013年職稱英語(yǔ)（衛(wèi)生類）新增文章譯文及解析閱讀理解第十六篇Eat to Live第十六篇為生存而食A meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much fun and it might not even be necessary. 粗茶淡飯或許能給你健康和長(zhǎng)壽，但這并不有趣很有可能也沒(méi)必要 We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. 即便在年老以后才 開(kāi)始

2、節(jié)食我們也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. 加州大學(xué)Riverside分校的斯蒂芬斯潘德?tīng)柤捌渫掳l(fā)現(xiàn)，只要連續(xù)四周限制一些

3、衰老的老 鼠進(jìn)食，它們的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力。 The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.雖然老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆 轉(zhuǎn)它們?cè)谄渌矫娴睦匣?，但是卻有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝和清除毒素。Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, a

4、nd fed another three on half-rations3.斯潘德?tīng)柕年?duì)員們一直給其中的三只老鼠正常量的飼料，而給另外三只老鼠正常量飼料的一半， Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when they were 34 months old equivalent to about 70 human years.給三只34個(gè)月大的老鼠（相當(dāng)于人類年齡的70歲）喂了一個(gè)月的半量飼料，之前這三只老鼠 的飼料量是正常的。The researchers checked th

5、e activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.研究者們檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11,000種基因的活性，發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠有46種基因隨 年齡的改變而改變。 The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一 probably bad news for mouse health. 這些改變都與體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)

6、生有關(guān)這對(duì)老鼠的健康來(lái)說(shuō)不是什么好消息。 In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. 而對(duì)于那些終身都在節(jié)食的老鼠來(lái)說(shuō)，那46種基因中的27種仍然繼續(xù)保持著青春活力。 But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene ch

7、anges. 但是最令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)卻是那些只是在老年時(shí)期節(jié)食的老鼠們受益于70%的基因變異。This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,” says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D. C. “這只是第一個(gè)這些效果迅速起作用的暗示”，來(lái)自華盛頓特區(qū)周邊的國(guó)家老年學(xué)學(xué)院的哈勃華納說(shuō)。No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as

8、it does in mice, 至今仍然沒(méi)有人清楚卡路里的控制對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)是否如同對(duì)老鼠那樣有效， but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. 但是斯潘德?tīng)枌?duì)此 充滿了希望：“有足以引人注意的證據(jù)表明這同樣有效。”If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. 如果這確實(shí)也對(duì)人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢復(fù)活力

9、。 As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. 舉個(gè)例子，隨著我們一天天衰老，我們的身體對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝越來(lái)越?jīng)]有效率。A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.短時(shí)期內(nèi)的節(jié)食，斯潘德?tīng)栒f(shuō)到，完全足以保證藥效。But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. 但是斯潘德?tīng)?/p>

10、并不確定這個(gè)方法值得嘗試。 “The mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” “老鼠患病少了，壽命延長(zhǎng)了，但是它們很饑餓，” he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that,. ” 他說(shuō)，“即使能清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到節(jié)食的功效，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y在餐館中說(shuō)自己只能吃一半的食物。”Spindler hopes we soon wont need to

11、diet at all. 斯潘德?tīng)栂Ｍ覀兏揪筒挥霉?jié)食His company, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 他的公司，加利福尼亞州的壽命遺傳學(xué)公司，正在尋找有限制卡路里效能的藥物詞匯：meager adj.不足的youthful adj.有青春活力的vigor n.精力，活力metabolize vt. 使（一種物質(zhì)）進(jìn)入新陳代謝過(guò)程 genetic adj.基因的rejuvenation n.恢復(fù)活力，返老還童注釋：1.

12、hang on to ：繼續(xù)保留。例如：You should hang on to that painting 一 it might be worth a lot of money one day.你應(yīng)該繼續(xù)保留那幅畫-或許有一天它會(huì)值很多錢。2.The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins：老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)老鼠在其他方面的老化，但卻有助于肝

13、臟代謝藥物或除去毒素。other damage caused by time歲月造成的莫他方面的破壞，即“其他方面的老化”。metabolize drugs：代謝藥物，即“使藥物參與新陳代謝以提高藥效”。get rid of：擺脫，除去。3.half-ration和half-feed都是指“老鼠飼料正常定量（normal diet)的一半”。4.free radical production:指體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)生(形成）。5.kick in：意為“開(kāi)始起作用”。 如：Were still waiting for the air conditioning to kick in.我們還在等著空調(diào)開(kāi)始

14、起作用。6.be worth it：意為“值得，有益”。如：They are expensive, but they are worth it.那些東西很貴，但劃得來(lái)。練習(xí)：1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B If we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.C Dieting might not be needed.D We have to begin

15、 dieting since childhood. 1.D第一k第一句講“節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事”，第二句講“即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食，我們 仍然有可能在很大程度上保持青春活力”，因此，“我們必須從小就開(kāi)始節(jié)食”是錯(cuò)誤的，D是答案。2.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A To describe the influence of old age on mice.B To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C To tell us how mices live

16、r genes behave.D To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.2.B第二段提及“一只髙齡老鼠”的時(shí)候，作者談到，“只要連續(xù)四周限制它進(jìn)食，它的肝臟基因就會(huì)變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力”。據(jù)此，“為了描述節(jié)食對(duì)老鼠所產(chǎn)生的影響”最好地回答了題干中的問(wèn)題o3.What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?A They will not experience free radical production.B They

17、 will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.3.D 第四段提到，“正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)有46條肝臟基因會(huì)發(fā)生變化，這種變化與炎癥和有機(jī)體組織無(wú)限激增有關(guān)”，因此，D正確。4.According to the author, which of the following most intere

18、sted the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old age.B 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C Calorie restriction that works in people.D Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.4.A第四段最后一個(gè)句子講“但最驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)是那些上了年紀(jì)才開(kāi)始節(jié)食的老鼠也能從70%的基因變化中受益”?！白铙@人的”自然是“最令研究人員感興趣的”。5.Ac

19、cording to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A calorie restriction is very important to young people.B seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than normal.C dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.D drugs do not have the effects of calorie restric

20、tion.5.C文章的最后兩段談及Spindler對(duì)節(jié)食的看法。首先，他不能肯定節(jié)食是否值得。. 其次, 他希望在不久的將來(lái)，我們不必節(jié)食。所以我們可以推知，他認(rèn)為節(jié)食不是得以健康長(zhǎng)壽的好辦法。第二十九篇 “Dont Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning二十九篇“不要在就餐時(shí)間以外飲酒”有了新含義In what may be bad news for bars and pubs，a European research group has found that people drinking alcohol outside of meals have a significa

21、ntly higher risk of cancer in the mouth and neck than do those taking their libations with food. 一定程度上，這對(duì)酒吧可能是一個(gè)壞消息，歐洲的一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)诰筒蜁r(shí)間以外飲酒會(huì)使患口腔和頸部癌癥的幾率比就餐時(shí)飲酒更高。 Luigino Dal Maso and his colleagues studied the drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies2 and another 3，500 adults who

22、had never had cancer Luigino Dal Maso和他的同事們研究了取自四項(xiàng)癌癥研究的1，500個(gè)病例的飲酒習(xí)慣模式和另外3，500個(gè)從沒(méi)患癌癥的成年人的飲酒習(xí)慣模式。After the researchers accounted for the amount of alcohol consumed, they found that individuals who downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals3 faced at least a 50 to 80 percent risk of

23、cancer in the oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus when compared with people who drank only at meals.在研究者分析了飲酒的總量后，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)和只在就餐時(shí)飲酒的人相比，在就餐時(shí)間以外灌下大量烈酒的人面臨至少50%80%的患口腔癌、咽癌和食道癌的危險(xiǎn)。, Consuming alcohol without food also increased by at least 20 percent the likelihood of laryngeal4 cancer. 在就餐時(shí)間外飲酒也會(huì)使患喉癌的可能性增加

24、至少20%?！?Roughly 95 percent of cancers at these four sites5 traced to smoking or drinking6 by the study volunteers，” Dal Maso says.“被研究者的情況說(shuō)明大約95%患以上四種癌癥的原因就是抽煙或飲酒”DalMaso說(shuō)。The discouraging news, his team reports, is that drinking with meals didnt eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites. 他的研究小組提供的報(bào)

25、告中令人沮喪的消息是就餐時(shí)飲酒不會(huì)消除患以上任何一種癌癥的危險(xiǎn)。For their new analysis，the European scientists divided people in the study into four groups,based on how many drinks they reported having in an average week7. 為了進(jìn)行新的分析，歐洲科學(xué)家根據(jù)每星期平均飲酒量將被研究者分為4組。 The lowest-intake group included people who averaged up to8 20 drinks 狂 we

26、ek. The highest group reported downing at least 56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day. 飲酒量最少的一組包括每周平均飲酒量達(dá)20杯的人，飲酒量最高的一組每周飲酒至少56杯，平均每天8杯以上。9 Cancer risks for the mouth and neck sites rose steadily with consumption even for people who reported drinking only with meals.患

27、口腔癌和頸部癌的危險(xiǎn)隨著飲酒量而穩(wěn)定上升，即使是那些只在就餐時(shí)飲酒的人。For instance, compared with people in the lowest-consumption group, participants who drank 21 to 34 alcohol servings a week at least doubled their cancer risk for all sites other than the larynx10. 例如，和低飲酒量的人相比，每周飲酒2134杯的人患除喉癌以外其他部位的癌癥的危險(xiǎn)增加了一倍。 If people in these

28、consumption groups took some of those drinks outside meals, those in the higher consumption group at least quadrupled their risk for oral cavity and esophageal cancers. 如果這幾組中的人在就餐時(shí)間以外飲酒，那些屬于高飲酒量組的人會(huì)使他們患口腔癌和食道癌的危險(xiǎn)至少增加3倍。People in the highest-consumption group who drank only with meals had 10 times t

29、he risk of oral cancer, 7 times the risk of pharyngeal cancer, and 16 times the risk of esophageal cancer compared with those who averaged 20 or fewer drinks a week with meals. 和每周只在就餐時(shí)平均飲酒至多20杯的人相比，高飲酒量組的人在就餐時(shí)間飲酒患口腔癌的危險(xiǎn)是低飲酒量組的10倍，咽癌是其7倍，食道癌是16倍。 In contrast, laryngeal cancer risk in the high-intake

30、, with-meals-only group11 was only triple that12 in the low-intake consumers who drank with meals. 相反，酒精高攝入且僅在就餐時(shí)飲酒的人患喉癌的危險(xiǎn)是酒精低攝入且僅在就餐時(shí)飲酒的人的3倍。Alcohol can inflame tissues. Over time, that inflammation can trigger cancer. ” Dal Maso says. “酒精能使組織發(fā)炎，一段時(shí)間后，炎癥可引發(fā)癌癥。” Dal Maso說(shuō)。 He suspects that food red

31、uced cancer risk either by partially coating digestive-tract tissues or by scrubbing alcohol off those tissues. 他認(rèn)為食物降低了患癌癥的危險(xiǎn)，或是通過(guò)覆蓋在消化道組織上或是通過(guò)將酒精從那些組織上擦掉。 He speculates that the reason laryngeal risks were dramatically lower for all study participants traces to the tissues lower exposure to alcoho

32、l. 他推測(cè)所有被研究 者患喉癌的幾率比其他癌癥低很多的原因是喉部組織被酒精侵害到的部分少得多。詞匯：cavity n.腔pharynx n.咽pharyngeal adj.咽的esophagus n.食管esophageal adj.食管的larynx n.喉scrub v.擦凈，擦掉注釋：1.than do those taking their libations with food：這是一個(gè)倒裝句，其正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)?than those taking their libations with food do。這里的do是一個(gè)代詞，代替上半句中的have a significantly hig

33、her risk of cancer in the mouth and neck。2.drinking patterns of 1,500 patients from four cancer studies ：取自四項(xiàng)癌癥研究的 1，500 個(gè)病例的飲酒習(xí)慣模式3.downed a significant share of their alcohol outside of meals：在就餐時(shí)間以外灌下大量烈酒。 down：在此作動(dòng)詞用，意為：“喝下，灌下”；significant：意為“l(fā)arge in amount”（大量的）。4.laryngeal：larynx (喉）的形容詞形式。5.

34、these four sites：指該段前兩句提到的 oral cavity，pharynx, esophagus, larynx。6.traced to smoking or drinking：根源就是抽煙或喝酒。trace to:回溯到7.in an average week：平均每星期8.up to：高達(dá)9.56 servings of alcohol weekly for an average of eight or more per day：每周56 杯，平均每天8杯以上。eight后省略了servings意為“(食物或飲料的）一份”。10.for all sites other t

35、han the larynx：除喉以外的全部部位。other than：除了。11.high-intake, with-meals-only group：(酒精）高攝入、僅在就餐時(shí)飲酒的（實(shí)驗(yàn)）組。 high-intake和with-meals-only在此都是合成形容詞，修飾group。12.was only triple that：是它的三倍。that 指該句前半句中的 laryngeal cancer risk。練習(xí)：1.Researchers have found that the risk of cancer in the mouth and neck is higher with

36、people A who drink alcohol outside of mealsurB who drink alcohol at meals.C who never drink alcohol.D who drink alcohol at bars and pubs. 1.A文章第一個(gè)句子就是答案。2.Which of the following is NOT the conclusion made by the researchers about “drinking with meals”? A It has a lower risk of cancer than drinking w

37、ithout food.B It may also be a cause of cancer.C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.D It does not eliminate cancer risk at any of the sites.2.C第二段的第二句說(shuō)的是餐外飲酒使得喉癌幾率增加了20%，而不是就餐飲酒的情況。所以C是正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)均在文中直接或間接提到。3.Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group aver

38、age per day?A 3 drinks.B 8 drinks.C 20 drinks.D 56 drinks.3.A第三段第二句告訴我們，酒精攝人量最低的一組每星期飲酒量達(dá)20杯，因此，大約每天在三杯左右。4.Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in the passage?A Oral cancer.B Laryngeal cancer.C Pharyngeal cancer.D Esophageal cancer.4.B文章第四段的第一句和第二句是由連接詞in con

39、trast連接的兩個(gè)句子。in contrast表達(dá)的是句間的反比關(guān)系。第一句說(shuō)明酒精消費(fèi)量最大的一組，患其他三種癌癥的幾率與低酒精攝入量組相比，分別是他們的10倍、7倍和16倍，而第二句告訴我們，相比之下，其患喉癌的機(jī)率只是另一組的3倍。因此，B是正確選項(xiàng)。5.According to the last paragraph, tissues lower exposure to alcohol A explains why inflammation triggers cancer.B accounts for why food can coat digestive-tract tissues.

40、C is the reason why food can scrub alcohol off tissues.D reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.5.D文章最后一句提供了答案。第三十九篇Sauna第三十九篇桑拿浴Ceremonial bathing has existed for thousands of years and has many forms, one of which is the sauna. 儀式性的沐浴已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史，并S有多種形式，其中的一種就是桑拿浴。 The Finns have perfected the steam b

41、ath，or sauna, which may be taken, usually in an enclosed room, by pouring water over hot rocks or as a dry heat bath芬蘭人完善了蒸汽浴，也就是桑拿浴。它可以在一個(gè)封閉的房間里將水澆在滾燙的石頭上，或是一種干熱浴。. The Japanese, Greeks, Turks and Russians as well as Native Americans have forms of the sweat bath in their bathing rituals. 日本人、希臘人、土耳

42、其人、俄國(guó)人以及美洲土著人在他們的沐浴傳統(tǒng)中都有發(fā)汗浴這一形式。 Dry heat and steam baths had advocates in ancient Rome and pre-Columbian Americans used sweat lodges. 用干熱浴發(fā)汗的方式是古羅馬優(yōu)先使用的，而哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前的美洲人則使用發(fā)汗小屋。The earliest saunas were probably underground caves heated by a fire that naturally filled with smoke as chimney making was

43、 unknown at that time. 最早的桑拿浴很有可能是在地下山洞里。由于當(dāng)時(shí)還沒(méi)有掌握煙技術(shù)，山洞里總是充滿著火焰引起的。 A fire kept in a fire-pit would heat the rock walls of the cave.人們?cè)诨鸩劾锷?，加熱山洞的四壁?After reaching full heat, the smoke was let out of the cave and the stones would retain heat for several hours.當(dāng)墻壁達(dá)到一定的溫度時(shí)，將濃煙排出洞外，這使得墻壁還能保持幾個(gè)小時(shí)的高溫。

44、A few people today say that the smoke sauna, “ savusauna”，is the only true sauna experience and that all saunas should have at least a background odor or smoke. 今天，有一些人認(rèn)為有煙的桑拿浴，“煙熏桑拿”， 才是真正的桑拿體驗(yàn)，而所有的桑拿浴都應(yīng)該至少有煙熏或煙味兒的背景。Today most saunas use electric stoves, although gas and wood-burning stoves are av

45、ailable. 現(xiàn)在，盡管煤油爐和燒木頭的火爐仍然可以使用，大多數(shù)的桑拿浴都是用電妒。Saunas are relaxing and stress relieving, Those with muscle aches or arthritis may find that the heat relaxes muscles and relieves pain and inflammation. 桑拿浴能使人放松并消除壓力。肌肉疼痛或關(guān)節(jié)炎都可以利用桑拿浴的熱氣減輕疼痛和炎癥。 Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways

46、of the lung and facilitates breathing. 熱氣還可以拓展哮喘患者的肺部通道，使呼吸更加順暢。Saunas do not cure the common cold but they may help to alleviate congestion arid speed recovery time. 桑拿浴并不能治愈普通的感冒，但它可以減輕患者的胸悶感，加快康復(fù)的速度。The bodys core temperature usually rises a 1-2 degrees while in the sauna, thus imitating a slight

47、 fever. 在蒸桑拿浴時(shí)，人體溫度通常會(huì)上升12攝氏度，就像 發(fā)低燒一樣的感覺(jué)。The sauna could be considered to follow the old saying “feed a cold，starve a fever The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold in the first place. 因此，蒸桑拿可以說(shuō)是印證了一句老話：“傷風(fēng)時(shí)宜吃，發(fā)熱時(shí)宜餓?！倍ㄆ?蒸桑拿浴可以在第一時(shí)間預(yù)防感冒的發(fā)生。Sauna is good for your skin

48、as the blood flow to the skin increases and sweating occurs. 蒸桑拿對(duì)皮膚也有好處，它可以促進(jìn)皮膚的血液循環(huán)和出汗。 Adults sweat about 2 lbs8 of water per hour on average in a sauna. 在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，成年人一般每 小時(shí)要蒸發(fā)2磅的水。A good sweat removes dirt and grime from pores and gives the skin a healthy glow. 出汗可以清除毛孔中:的污垢Y使皮膚變得光潔。 The loss in wat

49、er weight is temporary as the bodys physiological mechanisms will quickly restore proper volumes. 失水只是暫時(shí)性的，人體機(jī)能能夠很快補(bǔ)充合適的水量。 The cardiovascular system9 gets a work out10 as the heart must pump harder and faster to move blood to the surface for heat exchange. 在熱氣交換的過(guò)程中，心臟跳動(dòng)得更快，這就使心血管系統(tǒng)也得 到了鍛煉。Heart ra

50、te may increase from 72 beats per minute on average to 100-150 beats per minute. 蒸桑拿浴時(shí)的心率能從原來(lái)的平均每分鐘72下增加到每分鐘100 -150下。A normal heart can handle these stresses but those with heart trouble wishing to begin to use a sauna should seek a doctors advice. 健康的心臟可以承受這種變化，而那些心臟病患者在蒸桑拿浴之前應(yīng)該征求醫(yī)生的建議。The elderly

51、 and those with diabetes should check with their doctor prior to beginning to take saunas. 同樣的，老年人和糖尿病患者也應(yīng)如此。 Pregnant women should not take saunas, particularly in the first three months. 孕婦則不能蒸桑拿浴，尤其是在懷孕的頭三個(gè)月。Indeed, everyone just starting out should take short sessions11 at first to become accust

52、omed to this type of bath. 其實(shí)， 每個(gè)人在剛開(kāi)始嘗試桑拿浴時(shí)都應(yīng)該先是短時(shí)間的，直到適應(yīng)了這種沐浴方式。詞匯：sauna n.(芬蘭式）蒸汽浴，桑拿浴congestion n.阻塞;擁塞odor n.氣味，味道arthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎inflammation n.炎(癥）grime n.污垢；塵垢cardiovascular adj.心、血 管的diabetes n.糖尿病 注釋：1.ceremonial bathing:儀式性的沐浴。許多宗教都有這種以沐浴作為儀式的習(xí)俗。2.pre-Columbian Americans:哥倫布前的美洲人。Columbian是C

53、olumbus的形容詞形式，意思是“哥倫布的”;pre-是前綴,意思是:在前。pre-Columbian Americans，其完整的意思是: 哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲大陸前的美洲人。3.fire-pit:火槽4.relaxing and stress relieving:能使人放松并消除壓力。5.alleviate congestion and speed recovery time:減輕胸悶感，加快康復(fù)的速度。6.imitate: to appear like; resemble:像;類似7.feed a cold, starve a fever:謗傷風(fēng)時(shí)宜吃，發(fā)熱時(shí)宜餓;傷風(fēng)不怕吃，熱病不怕餓。8

54、.lb: pound(磅)的縮寫形式。9.cardiovascular system:心血管系統(tǒng)10.a work out:做名詞用，意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉”。11.sessions:(做某事或進(jìn)行某活動(dòng)的)一段時(shí)間練習(xí)：1.Ceremonial bathing _.A)is called the sauna by FinnsB)is equivalent to the steam bathC)has various formsD)is held in an enclosed room1.C第一段的第一句告訴我們，ceremonial bathing有多種形式，其中一種是sauna。所以只有C是正確

55、的選項(xiàng)。2.What is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?A)Saunas in underground caves.B)Saunas with smoke.C)Saunas using wood burning stoves.D)Saunas using electric stoves.2.B根據(jù)文章第二段的第四句，smoke sauna被有些人認(rèn)為是真正的sauna。句中a background odor也是指煙熏的氣味。3.According to the third paragraph, saunas

56、 can do all of the following EXCEPT.A)reducing the chance of getting coldB)speeding recoveryC)relieving stressD)curing asthma3.D 該段最后一句說(shuō) The regular use of a sauna may decrease the likelihood of getting a cold; 第四句說(shuō) they may help to . speed recovery time; 第一句說(shuō) Saunas are . stress relieving。 所 以，A、B、

57、C 都是桑拿可以做的。第三句說(shuō) Asthma patients find that the heat enlarges air passageways of the lung and facilitates breathing,這不足以說(shuō)明桑拿有治愈哮喘的作用。因此，應(yīng)選擇D項(xiàng)。4.According to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_.A)pores are cleaned by sweatB)water is lost by sweatingC)blood moves to the su

58、rface for heat exchangeD)the heart pumps harder and faster4.A該段第三句提供了答案。5.Who are advised not to take a sauna?A)Elderly people.B)Pregnant women.C)People with heart trouble.D)All of the above.5.D文章最后一段告誡幾種人不能蒸桑拿浴，包括心臟病患者、老人、糖尿病患者、孕婦等。所以D是正確的選項(xiàng)。完形填空A Biological Clock第二篇生物鐘Every living thing has what s

59、cientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. 每一種生物都有控制它們行為的時(shí)鐘，科學(xué)家們稱之為生物鐘。The biological clock tells _1_ when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells _2_ when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away，and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake

60、. 生物鐘告訴植物的花朵何時(shí)生長(zhǎng)，何時(shí)開(kāi)放；生物鐘告訴昆蟲何時(shí)離開(kāi)防護(hù)卵袋，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)飛去；生物鐘還告訴動(dòng)物和人類何時(shí)進(jìn)食、睡眠，何時(shí)蘇醒。Events outside the plant and animal _3_ the actions of some biological clocks. 外界的變化會(huì)影響某些動(dòng)植物的生物鐘。Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur _4_ the number of hours of daylight. 例如，科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，