comparison-and-contrast對(duì)比-英文寫(xiě)作課件

1、Comparison and ContrastLecture FocusDefinitions of Comparison and ContrastBasic Features Select your topicsSet your purposeOrganize your ideasDevelop cohesion & styleSteps to Writing: BrainstormingDraftingRevisingSuggested Activities/Homework What You Should Know Comparison-contrast is a common meth

2、od of development that involves focusing on similarities and differences-or more likely on one or the other-in order to make a point. When a writer is comparing, he is pointing out the similarities that exist between subjects or items (such as persons, things, or ideas). When a writer is contrasting

3、, he is pointing out the differences between subjects or items, even the two different aspects of the same subject (e.g., the advantages vs. the disadvantages of a personal computer).Select your topicsActivity : Examine the following groups of topics. Please pick out the groups that you think are ap

4、propriate for discussing similarities and differences, and explain why you think they are appropriate for comparison/contrast. buying a car vs. leasing a car oranges and bananas Shakespeare and Lu Xun a musician and an architect male and female attitudes about marriageActivityBroad CategoriesNarrowe

5、d-down Topics two books two authors two TV programs two restaurants two athletesSet Your PurposeInformative comparisons: to explain differences between subjects. This type of writing generally does not recommend one item as being better than the others.Persuasive comparisons: to persuade readers tha

6、t one subject is superior to others.Organize your ideas subject-by-subject point-by-point Subject-by-subject organizationSubject A: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4Subject B: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4Example Professor Yang: classroom instruction homework exam grading Professor Wu: classroom ins

7、truction homework exam grading Point-by-point organization Point 1: Subject A Subject B Point 2: Subject A Subject B Point 3: Subject A Subject B Point 4: Subject A Subject BExample Classroom instruction Professor Yang Professor Wu Homework Professor Yang Professor Wu Exam Professor Yang Professor W

8、u Grading Professor Yang Professor WuSteps to Writing Activity 1: Group Discussion Please work with your fellow students to find out everything that you know about KFC and McDonalds. You may use the following chart to help you find out the useful information.Step 1: BrainstormingKFCMcDonaldsLocation

9、FoodPriceServiceCouponsDinning EnvironmentOther suggested topics Dalian Department Store vs. MACAL (Victory Plaza) Hymall vs. Walmart (or Carrefour) Two big hotels youve worked for Activity 2: Discuss with your classmates on the chart above. Choose the ideas that seem to pair off. Eliminate those th

10、at dont pair off well and seem irrelevant to our comparison. You may develop a better-organized chart this time.KFCMcDonaldsLocationFoodPriceServiceCouponsDinning EnvironmentStep 2: Drafting1. Developing a Topic SentenceActivity 1: Please write a topic sentence for a paragraph which contrasts KFC an

11、d McDonalds._Activity 2: Look at your topic sentence once again. Does it generalize the central idea in your writing? Is it a point of view, rather than a simple and plain fact? Is your topic sentence sharp and clearly focused? Revise your topic sentence._.2. Organizing your paragraphActivity 1: Ple

12、ase choose a developing pattern to organize your ideas. Work out your outline in the following blanks.Subject by Subject PatternT.S.:_Subject 1: _ Sub-topic 1: _ Sub-topic 2: _ Sub-topic 3: _ Subject 2:_ Sub-topic 1: _ Sub-topic 2: _ Sub-topic 3: _ Point by Point PatternT.S.:_Point 1: _ Subject a: _

13、 Subject b: _Point 2: _ Subject a: _ Subject b: _Point 3: _ Subject a: _ Subject b: _ Develop cohesion & style Activity : Do you know other transitional words or expressions for comparison and contrast? Make a list of them. Short Conjunctions Longer Expressions Similarly, Likewise, .the same. .the s

14、ame as. .also. ., too. both In the same way, X is similar to Y in that (they). X and Y are similar in that (they). Like X, Y verb. In like manner, One way in which X is similar to Y is (that). Another way in which X is similar to Y is (that). Similarities: Differences:Short ConjunctionsSubordinating

15、 ConjunctionsHowever, In contrast, By contrast, ., but ., yet On the other hand, even though + sentence although + sentence whereas + sentence unlike + sentence while + sentence nevertheless, Assignment Students in Dawai & Students in DUT Liberal arts students vs. science students Chinese teachers vs. fo