動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納課件

1、(最新整理)動(dòng)詞不定式的用法歸納2021/7/261動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納2021/7/262不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式2021/7/2631. 作主語2. 作賓語3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語4. 作定語5. 作狀語6. 作表語7. 作獨(dú)立成分8. 與疑問詞等連用2021/7/2641 不定式作主語 (subject)To see is to b

2、elieve.To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to learn English well.若不定式太長(zhǎng),往往用it作形式主語,不定式后置。單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Early to rise and early to bed is a good habitWhen and where to hold the party hasnt been decided.When to hold the party and where to hold the party _been decided.havent2

3、021/7/2652.作賓語1)不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有許多，如want, decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。I mean to go there at once.I hope to finish the work in time.I plan to go to Beijing this summer.2).不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式短語放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語。句型為“主語+fin

4、d (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容詞/名詞+to do sth”。I think it our duty to obey the laws. I found it difficult to see him here. 2021/7/2663) 不定式用在介詞but, except, 后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2).There is nothing to do but wait.(3). I have no c

5、hoice but to go.2021/7/2673作表語不定式作表語不定式作表語常表示解釋或表將來的動(dòng)作，主語常常是表示意向、打算、計(jì)劃的詞，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job.To teach is to learn.My job is to help the patient.My ambition is to become a teacher.The old man seems to be sick.【注意】如果在主語中（通常在主語從句或修飾主語的定語從句中）有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to。All I want to do now

6、is fill my stomach.2021/7/2684作賓語補(bǔ)足語He asked me to go with him.He didnt allow me to go out alone.【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役動(dòng)詞let, have， make 后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但這類句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。I saw him play in the park.He was seen to play in the park.The boss made those men wo

7、rk day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.I heard her sing today She was heard to sing today 2021/7/2691. something, anything, nothing, everything, no one 等不定代詞或名詞后常用不定式做后置定語。e.g. I have something to say. He is not a man to tell lies. We all have a chance to go to college. (5). 定語與被

8、修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需加介詞。Can you give some paper to _ (write)? I have no jewelry to _(wear).He is looking for a room to _ (live). He needs a friend to _ (play).There are three pairs of shoes for you to _ (choose).write on wearlive inplay withchoose from動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 主謂關(guān)系同位關(guān)系2021/7/26102. 當(dāng)名詞被the first ,th

9、e last, the only 等詞以及形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.2021/7/26116.作狀語不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。 如;不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，?？膳cto, in order to, so as to 連用。I came here to see you. （目的）He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表語的形容詞之后作狀語。The question is difficult to answer.。 2021/

10、7/2612不定式作結(jié)果狀語常用如下句型The room is big enough to hold us. It is such a big room as to hold us.He is so kind as to help us. such +（形容詞）名詞 +as to do sth so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to do sth He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （結(jié)果）He is too old to lift the box.2021/7/26133. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語, sorr

11、y, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。eg: Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.2021/7/2614(4).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語to be frank, to be honest (with you),to make things worse,To tell (you) the truth, I dont agree with you.類似

12、的結(jié)構(gòu)2021/7/2615(8)不定式與疑問詞who,which, when, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或why not開頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。 Why not have a rest?2021/7/2616(9) 不定式的省略 (1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞. e.g

13、.: -Would you like to go with me ? -Yes, Id like to.(2). 不定式是to be 結(jié)構(gòu), be 不可省.(3)I didnt tell him the news. Oh, you ought to have (told him the news). e.g.: -Would you like to be a teacher? -Yes, Id like to be.2021/7/26171. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabl

14、ed people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想2021/7/26184. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to

15、 have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)2021/7/26198. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local g

16、overnment to give financial assistance to disabled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)2021/7/2620Exercise2021/7/26211. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September. (2004 遼寧） A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heardQuiz II Multipl

17、e Choice2021/7/26222. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春） A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2021/7/26233. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 廣東） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D

18、. Making2021/7/26244. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008 全國(guó)卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed2021/7/26255. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008 北京卷) A. to find B. find

19、 C. to finding D. finding2021/7/2626Passage1. 1.filled 2. company(keep sb company) 3. myself 4. whether 5. coming 6.that/which 7. With 8. saw 9. the pletelyPassage2. 1.like 2.them 3.before 4.are being polluted 5.wonder 6.and 7.an 8.strictest 9.to take 10.that/whichPassage3. 1.crowded 2.But 3.an 4.ea

20、ting 5.who/that 6.going .Besides/Moreover ments 9.recommended 10.whateverPassage4. 1.It 2.viewers 3.to 4.But 5.which 6.performed 7.the 8.highlighting 9.excited 10.Though/AlthoughPassage5. 1.lost 2.a 3.must 4.that/which 5.because 6.worse 7.to stay 8.in/with 9.saying 10.were rescued2021/7/2627Passage6

21、. 1.grew 2.As 3.called 4.successful 5.how 6.that/which 7.what 8.organization 9.her 10.thePassage7. 1.the 2.it 3.but 4.exactly 5.embarrassing 6.was taking 7.parking 8.when 9.should 10.time Passage8. 1.it 2.was asked 3.saying 4.a 5.only 6.physically 7.who 8.strengths 9.whether 10.importantPassage9. 1.

22、their 2.useless 3.to make 4.be inspired 5.a 6.playing 7.weight 8.Besides/Moreover 9.that 10.So2021/7/2628Passage10. 1.were trained 2.until peting 4.different 5.generally 6.which 7.them 8.with 9.ancestors 10.ThePassage11. 1.is created 2.The 3.actually 4.from 5.would（虛擬） 6.to figure 7.idea 8.waiting 9

23、.than 10.while/butPassage12. 1.introducing 2.problem 3.of 4.to accept 5.a 6.paid petitive 8.when 9.higher 10.that/which2021/7/2629結(jié)構(gòu) : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-2021/7/2630不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 不定式的一般式

24、 to do I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money. They are discussing the meeting to take place tomorrow. 表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是 在它之后發(fā)生。2021/7/2631不定式的進(jìn)行式to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.He is said t

25、o be studying in America.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。2021/7/2632不定式的完成式 to have done He happened to have seen the film before. He is believed to have studied in America.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。2021/7/2633He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃hoped, promised,

26、 wanted, wished, expected, planned不定式的完成式 to have doneHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在would like后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 2021/7/2634Exercises:1.Robert is said _(study)abroad, but I dont know what country he will study in.2.Robert is said_ (study)abroad, but I dont know what country

27、 he is studying in.3.Robert is said _ (study)abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.2021/7/2635不定式的語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài) to do 被動(dòng)語態(tài) to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted. The novel is believed to have been translate

28、d into Chinese.He is said to have been praised.2021/7/2636 The question is very difficult（for me) to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.He is hard to talk to.The air is hard to breathe.1. 主語be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲勞的), comfortable, in

29、teresting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.一般認(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式9）不定式在句中用主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式，多數(shù)情況下是容易判斷的，但有時(shí)的確比較復(fù)雜2021/7/2637The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主語+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thi

30、n to skate on.3. 主語+be +too +adj. +to do2021/7/2638在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。 There is a lot of work to do. （Somebody has to do the work. ） There is a lot of work to be done. （The work has to be done. ） 2021/7/2639不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。如： Have y

31、ou got a key to unlock the door ? (A key unlocks the door. ) 不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。 I have got a letter to write.( I write letter. ） He needs a room to live in. （He lives in a room. ） 2021/7/2640當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。如： He asked to be sent to work i

32、n the countryside. It is possible for our hopes to be realized. Do you have anything to wash?Do you have anything to be washed? Do you have anything to be sent to Shanghai?2021/7/2641幾對(duì)易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事forget to do sth.忘記去做某事 doing sth.忘記已做了某事remember to do sth.記得去做某事 do

33、ing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做某事mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味著try to do 盡力做 doing 試著做consider to be 認(rèn)為。是 doing 考慮做某事cant help do 不能幫著做某事 doing 忍不住做某事2021/7/26421. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating2. I would love _ to the party last night but I h

34、ad to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented2021/7/26434. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be take

35、n B. to take C. being taken D. taking5. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep6. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make2021/7/26447. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.

36、A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to ride D. do not to2021/7/264510. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September. A. to be heard B. to be heari

37、ng C. to hear D. to have heard11. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects2021/7/264613. Having

38、 a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see14. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it202

39、1/7/26471 愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻譯下面的句子to have arrived safely2021/7/26484 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。I want this bike _.5 瑪利仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 眾所周知，奧運(yùn)會(huì)上他被授予了一枚 金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediately2021/7/264910不定式符號(hào)to的保留問題