定語從句提升(關(guān)系副詞)概要課件

1、The Attributive Clause定語從句關(guān)系副詞的用法 關(guān)系副詞在定語從句當(dāng)中只能充當(dāng)狀語，當(dāng)一個句子不缺少主語或賓語時，并能夠完整地表達(dá)一個意思時，這時我們不需要關(guān)系代詞，就可以給這個句子加上特定的關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞when, where和why的用法關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時間的名詞/名詞詞組時間狀語where表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語why表原因的名詞原因狀語 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。如： when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+whichP

2、s:介詞的選用取決于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。（注意固定短語中介詞的位置）關(guān)系副詞和介詞+which的關(guān)系用關(guān)系副詞when時，先行詞指時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when1. whenIll never forg

3、et the day when I joined the army.on whichJim still remembers the happy time when we got together last year. during whichIt is 1st Oct. when we celebrate our nations birthday. on which練一練用關(guān)系副詞where時，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，where可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we wer

4、e young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where2. whereThis is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichWe got the station early where we saw Tom off. at which練一練用關(guān)系副詞why時，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。如：There are several reasons why (= for w

5、hich) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why3. whyDo you know the reason why she was late.for whichShe will never tell us the reasons why she married such an old man. for which練一練定語從句必須注意的特殊例子(1)當(dāng)先行詞為time，表示“次數(shù)”時，應(yīng)用關(guān)系詞that

6、或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)point, situation, case, stage等詞作先行詞表示“地點(diǎn)”的抽象名詞時，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?(3)先行詞為the way ,關(guān)系詞要用that, in which 或省略Do you know the way (that/in which/-) he worke

7、d the problem. a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解題點(diǎn)撥:看引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；若是作狀語, 就用where, when, why等關(guān)系副詞；若是作主語、賓語或定語，則用關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, whose等。the one思考1. I still remember the days _ I w

8、orked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmerswhich B. on which C. when D. what2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which whenwhichwhenthat3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was abse

9、nt yesterday.The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A. how B. why C. that D. who4. Is this school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the onewhythatDAB介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 1The man whom you s

10、poke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toinThe man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sen

11、tences right?可見, who、that 不能用與介詞之后 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短語中介詞不能提前下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 4在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，如：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write ar

12、ticles?2. 根據(jù)從句中動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定“介詞+關(guān)系代詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語。用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有whom, which和whose 三個，不能用that.介詞+which 指物介詞+whom 指人用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~補(bǔ)充完整下列定語從句。1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2. The

13、song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.4. I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me.5. This is the hero _ whom we are proud. on in forinof6. I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.7. They

14、are the students _ whom our teachers are thinking highly.8. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.9. It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.10. I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.withof

15、withtoon / upon“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)(1)名詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：They live in a house, the door of which faces south.(2)代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.(3)數(shù)詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容詞比較級/最高級+

16、介詞+關(guān)系代詞：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.1. whose的先行詞指物時，可用of which代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞 = the+名詞+of which，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting.2. whose的先行詞指人時，可用of whom代替，但語序不同，即whose

17、+名詞 = the+名詞+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.whose與of+which/whom的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher

18、 yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.定語從句中的主謂一致Unit 2 subway /sbwei/ n. 地下人行道；地鐵elevator /eliveit/ n. 電梯；升降機(jī)petrol /petrl/ n. 汽油（=gasoline）gas /s/ n. 汽油；氣體；煤氣；毒氣official /fil/ adj. 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的voyage /viid/ n. 航行；航海 conquer /kk/ vt. 征服；占領(lǐng)because of 因

19、為；由于native /neitiv/ adj. 本國的；本地的 n. 本地人；本國人 Amy /eimi/ n. 艾米（女名）come up 走近；上來；提出apartment /p:tmnt/ n. 公寓住宅；單元住宅actually /ktuli/ adv. 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上AD 公元base /beis/ vt. 以為根據(jù) n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)at present 現(xiàn)在；目前gradual /rdul/ adj. 逐漸的；逐步的gradually /grduli/ adv. 逐漸地；逐步地Danish /deini/ n. 丹麥語；adj. 丹麥的；丹麥的人；丹麥語的 enrich /

20、inrit/ vt. 使富裕；充實(shí)；改善vocabulary /vkbjulri/ n. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表 Shakespeare /eikspi/ 莎士比亞(英國劇作家詩人)make use of 利用；使用spelling /speli/ n. 拼寫；拼法latter /lt/ adj. 較后的；后半的；（兩者中）后者的identity /aidentti/ n. 本身；本體；身份fluent /flu:nt/ adj. 流利的；流暢的fluently /flu:ntl/ adv. 流利地；流暢地Singapore / sip:/ n. 新加坡(東南亞國家)Malaysia /mleizi/ n. 馬來西亞(東南亞國家) such as 例如；像這種的frequent /fri:kwnt/ adj. 頻繁的；常見的